CN109364208A - 增强畜禽抗病能力的营养型中药颗粒剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
增强畜禽抗病能力的营养型中药颗粒剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于中兽药领域,公开一种增强畜禽抗病能力的营养型中药颗粒剂,包括如下重量份的原料:秦皮20‑30份,白头翁20‑30份,杜仲20‑30份,柿叶15‑25份,金不换15‑25份,山楂12‑20份,百部12‑20份,苦参10‑15份,紫菜10‑15份,决明子10‑15份,枸杞8‑15份,红景天8‑15份,萱草花8‑12份,凤仙花8‑12份,茉莉花5‑10份,桂花5‑10份,甜桔叶3‑8份,柠檬汁3‑8份。本发明营养型中药颗粒剂能有效预防和治疗畜禽疾病,发病率降低30%以上,发病治愈率达90%以上,增强免疫功能,避免畜禽因病死亡或降低生产性能,减少养殖损失,提高养殖经济效益,从而促进畜牧养殖业发展。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中兽药领域,更为具体地,涉及一种增强畜禽抗病能力的营养型中药颗粒剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着我国畜禽养殖业规模的日益扩大,所带来的问题也越来越多,传染病愈演愈烈,猪流感、禽流感一度令世人恐慌。目前,畜禽养殖业为了预防疾病和治疗疾病,在畜禽饲料中添加大量的抗生素、生长激素防腐剂、抗氧化剂及其它抗菌药物,由于抗生素和激素在畜禽体内长时间大量存留,使产品失去原来的营养价值和风味,不仅影响畜禽产品质量,同时肉制品和蛋制品中对人体有害物质残留过高,威胁着人类的食品安全,因此避免使用化学添加剂,重视食品安全,崇尚绿色健康养殖已成为养殖业的发展趋势。
我国中草药资源丰富,中草药添加剂利用纯药用植物根、茎、叶和果实为原料,无毒副作用、畜禽体内无有害残留,符合生态食品和绿色食品的发展方向,迎合国内外市场的需要,因此研究中药材代替抗生素、生长素等化学添加剂,开发绿色环保的增强畜禽抗病能力的中药添加剂十分必要。目前市场上的中药添加剂配伍不科学、作用效果不稳定、既增加了成本同时又限制了饲料配方空间,且对饲料的适口性产生影响。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足,提供一种增强畜禽抗病能力的营养型中药颗粒剂及其制备方法,能有效预防和治疗畜禽疾病,增强免疫功能,避免畜禽因病死亡或降低生产性能,减少养殖损失,提高养殖经济效益,从而促进畜牧养殖业发展。
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下:
一种增强畜禽抗病能力的营养型中药颗粒剂,包括如下重量份的原料:秦皮20-30份,白头翁20-30份,杜仲20-30份,柿叶15-25份,金不换15-25份,山楂12-20份,百部12-20份,苦参10-15份,紫菜10-15份,决明子10-15份,枸杞8-15份,红景天8-15份,萱草花8-12份,凤仙花8-12份,茉莉花5-10份,桂花5-10份,甜桔叶3-8份,柠檬汁3-8份。
优选的,一种增强畜禽抗病能力的营养型中药颗粒剂,包括如下重量份的原料:秦皮25-30份,白头翁25-30份,杜仲20-25份,柿叶20-25份,金不换15-20份,山楂15-20份,百部12-15份,苦参12-15份,紫菜10-12份,决明子10-12份,枸杞10-12份,红景天8-12份,萱草花8-10份,凤仙花8-10份,茉莉花8-10份,桂花5-8份,甜桔叶5-8份,柠檬汁3-5份。
优选的,一种增强畜禽抗病能力的营养型中药颗粒剂,包括如下重量份的原料:秦皮25份,白头翁25份,杜仲25份,柿叶20份,金不换20份,山楂18份,百部15份,苦参12份,紫菜12份,决明子12份,枸杞12份,红景天12份,萱草花10份,凤仙花10份,茉莉花8份,桂花8份,甜桔叶6份,柠檬汁5份。
本发明还提供一种增强畜禽抗病能力的营养型中药颗粒剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将秦皮、白头翁、杜仲、柿叶、金不换、山楂、百部、苦参、紫菜、决明子、枸杞、红景天粉碎,按重量配比混合均匀;
(2)将步骤(1)混合均匀的粉末放入加热容器中,向加热容器中加水浸泡15-25min,然后加热蒸煮20-40min,过滤分离中药渣和滤液,收集滤液;
(3)将步骤(2)的中药渣加热烘干,放入超声粉碎提取罐中,向超声粉碎提取罐加水进行超声处理,超声完毕后取出物料过滤,滤液备用;向滤渣中再加入同样量水,重复进行一次超声处理,超声完毕后取出过滤;合并两次的滤液;
(4)按重量份将萱草花、凤仙花、茉莉花、桂花、甜桔叶粉碎,加水浸泡25-40min,然后微波提取5-10min,过滤得滤液;
(5)将步骤(2)、步骤(3)、步骤(4)中的滤液合并放入高压罐中,按重量份加入柠檬汁,加热恒温20-40min,浓缩,将浓缩液喷雾经流化床干燥,即得所述营养型中药颗粒剂。
优选的,步骤(2)所述水的加入量为粉末重量的10-20倍。
优选的,步骤(3)所述超声频率为20-40kH,超声10-30min。
优选的,步骤(3)所述加水量为中药渣重量的8-15倍。
优选的,步骤(4)所述微波提取压力为400-500KPa,功率为130-150W。
优选的,步骤(5)所述加热温度为80-90℃。
与现有技术相比,本发明产品的有益效果是:
(1)本发明选用秦皮、白头翁、杜仲作为主材料,添加柿叶、金不换、山楂、百部、苦参、紫菜、决明子、枸杞、红景天,通过合理的配比制备营养型中药颗粒剂,可以有效预防和治疗畜禽疾病,发病率降低30%以上,发病治愈率达90%以上,增强免疫功能,避免畜禽因病死亡或降低生产性能,减少养殖损失,提高养殖经济效益,从而促进畜牧养殖业发展。
(2)本发明营养型中药颗粒剂中添加草花、凤仙花、茉莉花、桂花、甜桔叶提取液及柠檬汁,降低纯中药的中药异味,使制备的中药颗粒制剂具有清香口感,且不会影响中药药效,避免因中药的异味导致添加到畜禽饲料中,影响饲料口感。
(3)本发明制备方法采用多次提取,先将中药混合物用水浸泡然后再加热提取,将加热提取后的滤渣再次利用超声浸提,将浸提后的滤液再进行高压加热处理,一是可以提高中药有效成分的提取率,高出普通提取方法的30-40%,产品纯度提高35-45%,且可以提高中药颗粒剂的质量稳定性;二是可以去除中药原液中的异味,改善中药口感,使制备的中药颗粒剂添加到畜禽饲料中不会影响饲料口感,提高饲料的利用率,减少成本。
(4)本发明制备的营养型中药颗粒剂,可大幅度减少抗生素的使用,减少抗生素对环境的影响、减少临床耐药性的发生,有利于食品安全和环境保护。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的原理和特征进行描述,所举实例只用于解释本发明,并非用于限定本发明的范围。
实施例1
一种增强畜禽抗病能力的营养型中药颗粒剂,包括如下重量份的原料:秦皮20份,白头翁20份,杜仲20份,柿叶15份,金不换15份,山楂12份,百部12份,苦参10份,紫菜10份,决明子10份,枸杞8份,红景天8份,萱草花8份,凤仙花8份,茉莉花5份,桂花5份,甜桔叶3份,柠檬汁3份。
一种如上所述的增强畜禽抗病能力的营养型中药颗粒剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将秦皮、白头翁、杜仲、柿叶、金不换、山楂、百部、苦参、紫菜、决明子、枸杞、红景天粉碎,按重量配比混合均匀;
(2)将步骤(1)混合均匀的粉末放入加热容器中,向加热容器中加入粉末重量的10倍水浸泡15min,然后加热蒸煮40min,过滤分离中药渣和滤液,收集滤液;
(3)将步骤(2)的中药渣加热烘干,放入超声粉碎提取罐中,向超声细粉碎提取罐加入中药渣重量8倍的水,超声频率为40kH超声处理10min,超声完毕后取出物料过滤,滤液备用;向滤渣中再加入同样量水,重复进行一次超声处理,超声完毕后取出过滤;合并两次的滤液;
(4)按重量份将萱草花、凤仙花、茉莉花、桂花、甜桔叶粉碎,加水浸泡25min,然后在提取压力为500KPa,功率为150W下微波提取5min,过滤得滤液;
(5)将步骤(2)、步骤(3)、步骤(4)中的滤液合并放入高压罐中,按重量份加入柠檬汁,加热80℃恒温40min,浓缩,将浓缩液喷雾经流化床干燥,即得所述营养型中药颗粒剂。
实施例2
一种增强畜禽抗病能力的营养型中药颗粒剂,包括如下重量份的原料:秦皮30份,白头翁28份,杜仲23份,柿叶22份,金不换20份,山楂18份,百部13份,苦参12份,紫菜12份,决明子12份,枸杞10份,红景天10份,萱草花9份,凤仙花8份,茉莉花8份,桂花7份,甜桔叶6份,柠檬汁5份。
一种如上所述的增强畜禽抗病能力的营养型中药颗粒剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将秦皮、白头翁、杜仲、柿叶、金不换、山楂、百部、苦参、紫菜、决明子、枸杞、红景天粉碎,按重量配比混合均匀;
(2)将步骤(1)混合均匀的粉末放入加热容器中,向加热容器中加入粉末重量的12倍水浸泡20min,然后加热蒸煮25min,过滤分离中药渣和滤液,收集滤液;
(3)将步骤(2)的中药渣加热烘干,放入超声粉碎提取罐中,向超声细粉碎提取罐加入中药渣重量10倍的水,超声频率为25kH超声处理25min,超声完毕后取出物料过滤,滤液备用;向滤渣中再加入同样量水,重复进行一次超声处理,超声完毕后取出过滤;合并两次的滤液;
(4)按重量份将萱草花、凤仙花、茉莉花、桂花、甜桔叶粉碎,加水浸泡30min,然后在提取压力为480KPa,功率为130W下微波提取8min,过滤得滤液;
(5)将步骤(2)、步骤(3)、步骤(4)中的滤液合并放入高压罐中,按重量份加入柠檬汁,加热85℃恒温30min,浓缩,将浓缩液喷雾经流化床干燥,即得所述营养型中药颗粒剂。
实施例3
一种增强畜禽抗病能力的营养型中药颗粒剂,包括如下重量份的原料:秦皮25份,白头翁25份,杜仲25份,柿叶20份,金不换20份,山楂18份,百部15份,苦参12份,紫菜12份,决明子12份,枸杞12份,红景天12份,萱草花10份,凤仙花10份,茉莉花8份,桂花8份,甜桔叶6份,柠檬汁5份。
一种如上所述的增强畜禽抗病能力的营养型中药颗粒剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将秦皮、白头翁、杜仲、柿叶、金不换、山楂、百部、苦参、紫菜、决明子、枸杞、红景天粉碎,按重量配比混合均匀;
(2)将步骤(1)混合均匀的粉末放入加热容器中,向加热容器中加入粉末重量的15倍水浸泡20min,然后加热蒸煮30min,过滤分离中药渣和滤液,收集滤液;
(3)将步骤(2)的中药渣加热烘干,放入超声粉碎提取罐中,向超声细粉碎提取罐加入中药渣重量12倍的水,超声频率为30kH超声处理20min,超声完毕后取出物料过滤,滤液备用;向滤渣中再加入同样量水,重复进行一次超声处理,超声完毕后取出过滤;合并两次的滤液;
(4)按重量份将萱草花、凤仙花、茉莉花、桂花、甜桔叶粉碎,加水浸泡35min,然后在提取压力为450KPa,功率为140W下微波提取8min,过滤得滤液;
(5)将步骤(2)、步骤(3)、步骤(4)中的滤液合并放入高压罐中,按重量份加入柠檬汁,加热88℃恒温25min,浓缩,将浓缩液喷雾经流化床干燥,即得所述营养型中药颗粒剂。
实施例4
一种增强畜禽抗病能力的营养型中药颗粒剂,包括如下重量份的原料:秦皮30份,白头翁30份,杜仲30份,柿叶25份,金不换25份,山楂20份,百部20份,苦参15份,紫菜15份,决明子15份,枸杞15份,红景天15份,萱草花12份,凤仙花12份,茉莉花10份,桂花10份,甜桔叶8份,柠檬汁8份。
一种如上所述的增强畜禽抗病能力的营养型中药颗粒剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将秦皮、白头翁、杜仲、柿叶、金不换、山楂、百部、苦参、紫菜、决明子、枸杞、红景天粉碎,按重量配比混合均匀;
(2)将步骤(1)混合均匀的粉末放入加热容器中,向加热容器中加入粉末重量的20倍水浸泡25min,然后加热蒸煮20min,过滤分离中药渣和滤液,收集滤液;
(3)将步骤(2)的中药渣加热烘干,放入超声粉碎提取罐中,向超声细粉碎提取罐加入中药渣重量15倍的水,超声频率为40kH超声处理10min,超声完毕后取出物料过滤,滤液备用;向滤渣中再加入同样量水,重复进行一次超声处理,超声完毕后取出过滤;合并两次的滤液;
(4)按重量份将萱草花、凤仙花、茉莉花、桂花、甜桔叶粉碎,加水浸泡40min,然后在提取压力为400KPa,功率为130W下微波提取10min,过滤得滤液;
(5)将步骤(2)、步骤(3)、步骤(4)中的滤液合并放入高压罐中,按重量份加入柠檬汁,加热80℃恒温40min,浓缩,将浓缩液喷雾经流化床干燥,即得所述营养型中药颗粒剂。
实施例5
1.试验动物:
1.1选取3月龄健康长白二元猪,40头,随机分成5组,分别为对照组、实验组1、实验组2、实验组3、实验组4,每组8头,雌雄兼用。
1.2选取1周龄肉雏鸡,100只,随机分成5组,分别为对照组、实验组1、实验组2、实验组3、实验组4,每组20只,雌雄兼用。
2.试验方法:
2.1所有试验猪均在相同的环境下喂养,每天早晚喂食一次,自由饮水,其中对照组喂养正常的饲料,实验组1-4喂养的饲料中分别添加实施例1-4制备的营养型中药颗粒剂,添加量为0.05%,连续喂养1个月,记录每组试验猪的生长状况。
2.2所有试验雏鸡均在相同的环境下喂养,每天早晚喂食一次,自由饮水,其中对照组喂养正常的饲料,实验组1-4喂养的饲料中分别添加实施例1-4制备的营养型中药颗粒剂,添加量为0.03%,连续喂养20天,记录每组试验鸡的生长状况。
3.试验结果
3.1本发明营养型中药颗粒剂对猪的生长状况的影响。
由表1可以看出,食用本发明营养型中药颗粒剂的试验猪生长状况良好,两个月内均未发生疾病,且体重明显高于对照组,说明本发明营养型中药颗粒剂可以能显著增强畜禽的免疫力、抗病能力,增进猪的食欲、提高料肉比。
表1
组别 | 对照组 | 实验组1 | 实验组2 | 实验组3 | 实验组4 |
平均始重/kg | 32.8 | 32.5 | 32.3 | 32.6 | 32.9 |
平均末重/kg | 44.8 | 45.7 | 46.1 | 46.5 | 48.1 |
发病率/% | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
死亡率/% | 1.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
3.2本发明营养型中药颗粒剂对鸡的生长状况的影响。
由表2可以看出,食用本发明营养型中药颗粒剂的试验猪鸡长状况良好,20天内均未发生疾病,且体重明显高于对照组,说明本发明营养型中药颗粒剂可以能显著增强畜禽的免疫力、抗病能力,增进鸡的食欲、提高料肉比。
表2
组别 | 对照组 | 实验组1 | 实验组2 | 实验组3 | 实验组4 |
平均始重/g | 208 | 206 | 205 | 204 | 209 |
平均末重/g | 1503 | 1518 | 1509 | 1523 | 1515 |
发病率/% | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
死亡率/% | 1.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
实施例6
1.试验动物:
1.1选取20日长白二元猪,100头,随机分成5组,分别为对照组、实验组1、实验组2、实验组3、实验组4,每组20头。
1.2选取3日龄肉雏鸡,200只,随机分成5组,分别为对照组、实验组1、实验组2、实验组3、实验组4,每组40只。
2.试验方法:
2.1用大肠杆菌感染试验猪5天,对照组的实验组服用抗生素,在饲料中添加量为10mg/kg;实验组1-4分别服用各实施例所述的营养型中药颗粒剂,在饲料中添加量为0.03%,连续喂养3天。观察猪状况:症状消失、饮食和精神状况良好为治愈;腹泻状况减轻、食欲好转为显效;腹泻状况未减轻或加重、食欲未好转为无效。
2.2用鸡源沙门氏菌感染1次试验鸡,对照组的实验组服用抗生素,在饲料中添加量为30mg/kg;实验组1-4分别服用各实施例所述的营养型中药颗粒剂,在饲料中添加量为0.3%,连续喂养30天。统计鸡死亡数,对未死亡的鸡处死后取出脾脏和胸腺,计算脾脏指数和胸腺指数。
3.试验结果
3.1本发明营养型中药颗粒剂对大肠杆菌感染猪的治疗效果。
由表3可以看出,实施例1-4制备的营养型中药颗粒剂对大肠杆菌所致猪感染均有良好的控制作用,治愈率为80-90%,说明本发明所述营养型中药颗粒剂对猪感染大肠杆菌具有抗生素的替代作用。
表3
3.2本发明营养型中药颗粒剂对沙门氏菌感染鸡的治疗效果。
由表4可以看出,实施例1-4制备的营养型中药颗粒剂对沙门氏菌所致鸡感染均有良好的控制作用,无死亡发生,其脾脏和胸腺指数较对照有显著提高,说明本发明所述营养型中药颗粒剂对猪感染大肠杆菌具有抗生素的替代作用。
表4
动物数/头 | 死亡数/只 | 死亡率/% | 脾脏指数/% | 胸腺指数/% | |
对照组 | 40 | 16 | 40 | 0.093±0.018 | 0.417±0.043 |
实验组1 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0.126±0.045 | 0.458±0.058 |
实验组2 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0.131±0.032 | 0.463±0.064 |
实验组3 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0.139±0.024 | 0.446±0.072 |
实验组4 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0.136±0.037 | 0.452±0.048 |
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当理解本发明并非局限于本文所披露的形式,不应看作是对其他实施例的排除,而可用于各种其他组合、修改和环境,并能够在本文所述构想范围内,通过上述教导或相关领域的技术或知识进行改动。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种增强畜禽抗病能力的营养型中药颗粒剂,其特征在于:包括如下重量份的原料:秦皮20-30份,白头翁20-30份,杜仲20-30份,柿叶15-25份,金不换15-25份,山楂12-20份,百部12-20份,苦参10-15份,紫菜10-15份,决明子10-15份,枸杞8-15份,红景天8-15份,萱草花8-12份,凤仙花8-12份,茉莉花5-10份,桂花5-10份,甜桔叶3-8份,柠檬汁3-8份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的增强畜禽抗病能力的营养型中药颗粒剂,其特征在于:包括如下重量份的原料:秦皮25-30份,白头翁25-30份,杜仲20-25份,柿叶20-25份,金不换15-20份,山楂15-20份,百部12-15份,苦参12-15份,紫菜10-12份,决明子10-12份,枸杞10-12份,红景天8-12份,萱草花8-10份,凤仙花8-10份,茉莉花8-10份,桂花5-8份,甜桔叶5-8份,柠檬汁3-5份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的增强畜禽抗病能力的营养型中药颗粒剂,其特征在于:包括如下重量份的原料:秦皮25份,白头翁25份,杜仲25份,柿叶20份,金不换20份,山楂18份,百部15份,苦参12份,紫菜12份,决明子12份,枸杞12份,红景天12份,萱草花10份,凤仙花10份,茉莉花8份,桂花8份,甜桔叶6份,柠檬汁5份。
4.一种权利要求1至3中任一项所述的增强畜禽抗病能力的营养型中药颗粒剂的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)将秦皮、白头翁、杜仲、柿叶、金不换、山楂、百部、苦参、紫菜、决明子、枸杞、红景天粉碎,按重量配比混合均匀;
(2)将步骤(1)混合均匀的粉末放入加热容器中,向加热容器中加水浸泡15-25min,然后加热蒸煮20-40min,过滤分离中药渣和滤液,收集滤液;
(3)将步骤(2)的中药渣加热烘干,放入超声粉碎提取罐中,向超声粉碎提取罐加水进行超声处理,超声完毕后取出物料过滤,滤液备用;向滤渣中再加入同样量水,重复进行一次超声处理,超声完毕后取出过滤;合并两次的滤液;
(4)按重量份将萱草花、凤仙花、茉莉花、桂花、甜桔叶粉碎,加水浸泡25-40min,然后微波提取5-10min,过滤得滤液;
(5)将步骤(2)、步骤(3)、步骤(4)中的滤液合并放入高压罐中,按重量份加入柠檬汁,加热恒温20-40min,浓缩,将浓缩液喷雾经流化床干燥,即得所述营养型中药颗粒剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的增强畜禽抗病能力的营养型中药颗粒剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)所述水的加入量为粉末重量的10-20倍。
6.根据权利要求4所述的增强畜禽抗病能力的营养型中药颗粒剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)所述超声频率为20-40kH,超声10-30min。
7.根据权利要求4所述的增强畜禽抗病能力的营养型中药颗粒剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)所述加水量为中药渣重量的8-15倍。
8.根据权利要求4所述的增强畜禽抗病能力的营养型中药颗粒剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)所述微波提取压力为400-500KPa,功率为130-150W。
9.根据权利要求4所述的增强畜禽抗病能力的营养型中药颗粒剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(5)所述加热温度为80-90℃。
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