CN106819559A - 一种新型鸡饲料 - Google Patents
一种新型鸡饲料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106819559A CN106819559A CN201710027305.5A CN201710027305A CN106819559A CN 106819559 A CN106819559 A CN 106819559A CN 201710027305 A CN201710027305 A CN 201710027305A CN 106819559 A CN106819559 A CN 106819559A
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Abstract
本发明提供一种新型鸡饲料，其中，所述鸡饲料包括以下组分：玉米、黄大豆、麦麸、蚯蚓粉、蚯蚓粪、食盐和中草药添加剂。本发明提供的鸡饲料能够提高鸡的抵抗力，壮骨强身，调整机体功能，减少呼吸道病和肠道病，提高肉质品质和产蛋量，减少软蛋率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种禽类饲料，具体涉及一种具有保健功能的新型鸡饲料。
背景技术
禽肉是人类重要的肉品来源，肉食鸡的市场份额很大。我国养禽业历史悠久，自改革开放年来，发展甚为迅速，已从家庭副业式的零星散养发展为集约化、专业化、现代化产业，成为了我国畜牧业的一大经济支柱。随着人们对禽肉需要的增加，养禽业得到迅速发展，相应的各种禽饲料也随之迅速发展，现阶段市场的各种饲料品种繁多，作用各异。目前很多鸡的饲料都是片面的追求鸡的生长速度，而忽略鸡的营养价值，养殖户多通过添加各类化学添加剂促进产量和抗病，这就使得产品的安全令人堪忧。另一方面，随着经济的发展已经使得人们生活水平显著提高，人们越来越注重食品的安全问题以及自身的保健。
优质饲料是生产优质畜产品的保证，目前我国迫切需要能提高畜禽产品的质量和品质，对动物健康生长有益，对消费者的健康有益无害的饲料。我国有许多植物资源，里面含有很多的活性物质和营养成分，有非常高的药用价值，具有特殊的作用和功能，从植物中合理的选择开发和利用，是提高畜禽生产性能和保障畜产品安全，生产优质饲料的一个有效途径。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种具有保健功能的新型鸡饲料，提高鸡的抗病能力以及鸡肉的品质，保障鸡肉的安全性。该饲料能够提高鸡的抵抗力，壮骨强身，调整机体功能，减少呼吸道病和肠道病，提高肉质品质和产蛋量，减少软蛋率。
一方面，本发明提供一种新型鸡饲料，该鸡饲料的技术方案为：按照质量组分组成，玉米68-72份，黄大豆9-11份，麦麸9-11份，蚯蚓粉5-7份，蚯蚓粪5-10份，食盐2-3份，中草药添加剂2-3份。其中，玉米、麦麸属于能量组分，黄大豆、蚯蚓粉和蚯蚓粪属于蛋白质组分，具体来说黄大豆是植物性蛋白，蚯蚓粉和蚯蚓粪是动物性蛋白，食盐既是调味剂，又是矿物质。
玉米为有机玉米，黄大豆为有机大豆，麦麸为有机小麦出60粉(60％的出粉率)后剩下的麦麸。蚯蚓粉为用奶牛粪便养殖出来的蚯蚓，风干后再烘干粉碎后的蚯蚓粉。
蚯蚓是一种高蛋白、营养丰富的、廉价的动物，本发明所选用的蚯蚓干体的蛋白质含量高达69％以上，脂肪含量为18％，营养价值与进口优质鱼粉相当。本发明蚯蚓干体中氨基酸种类齐全，其中亮氨酸、精氨酸和赖氨酸所占比例多(亮氨酸、精氨酸和赖氨酸是畜、禽和鱼类生长发育所必需的)。蚯蚓的饲养技术简单、容易掌握、成活率高，可以保证优质动物性蛋白的长期、稳定供应，而且蚯蚓体内蛋白质含量稳定，并且蚯蚓产品价格低廉，可以保证鸡饲料的品质和低成本。蚯蚓蛋白可提高鸡的免疫力，促进生长。蚯蚓中富含纤维素酶、脂肪酶、蛋白酶等多种活性酶类，可与玉米、豆粕、麦麸、微量元素等经过加工合成蚯蚓蛋白饲料，能改善饲料中蛋白质含量及矿物元素的消化吸收，多方位提高本实施方式鸡饲料的利用率。蚯蚓在处理各种牲畜粪便和生活垃圾的时候会产生蚯蚓粪，蚯蚓粪同样是非常有价值的产品，在畜牧业中可以用来代替石粉等矿物质，同时蚯蚓粪中也含有一定量的蛋白质，日本食品分析中心曾经对蚯蚓粪进行过分析，在含水量只有11％左右时，蚯蚓粪内所含的全氮约3.6％，以此换算，粗蛋白为22.5％，蚯蚓粪中还含有22种氨基酸及多种有益的微生物菌群，能够提高家禽的抗病和免疫能力。
食盐能改善饲料的适口性，促进食欲，提高饲料利用率。
所述中草药添加剂包括：按照质量组分组成，马齿苋9-11份、黄芪9-11份、蒲公英9-11份、大青叶7-9份、杏仁4-6份、桔梗4-6份、半夏3-5份、天南星2-4份、甘草2-3份、金银花4-6份、板蓝根2-3份、玄参4-5份、穿心莲1-2份、石榴皮5-6份、党参4-5份、茯苓5-6份、山楂4-6份。能有效的预防和医治鸡在成长过程中可能面临的各种常见疾病。
其中，黄芪、甘草组合能预防呼吸道疾病；金银花、板蓝根、大青叶和蒲公英组合具有抗流感、抗病毒等功能；石榴皮、甘草和马齿苋组合可以预防肠道疾病；党参、山楂和黄芪能提高鸡的产蛋量，减少软蛋率。
具体各种中草药添加剂的功能如下：
马齿苋：含蛋白质、脂肪、糖类、粗纤维、钙、磷56、铁、胡萝卜素、维生素B、维生素E、，维生素P、维生素C，此外，还含有大量的去甲肾上腺素和多量钾盐，苹果酸、柠檬酸、谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、丙氨酸和蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖以及生物碱等成分，对大肠杆菌、伤寒杆菌、痢疾杆菌等均有抑制作用，特别对痢疾杆菌的作用很强，在牲畜饲料中添加马齿苋，可利用其抗菌功效，增强牲畜抗菌、抗病毒的能力，提高免疫力，能有效地避免各种疾病，使其能够健壮生长，这样便很大程度提高了牲畜的产品品质，为人们提供优质、安全、放心的有机蛋肉奶等产品，并且可以延长饲料的储存时间。
黄芪：含有氨基酸、微量元素、胆碱等,可促进机体蛋白质代谢和新陈代谢，可作为促生长添加剂。在肉鸡日粮中添加0.5％-1％的黄芪粉，可加快肉鸡增重，提高饲料利用率，增强机体免疫能力。
蒲公英：具有丰富的胡萝卜素和维生素及各种矿物质，对消化不良、便秘都有改善的作用，含蒲公英甾醇、胆碱、菊糖、果胶、蒲公英醇、豆甾醇、β-香树脂醇、β-谷甾醇、蒲公英赛醇、蒲公英素、蒲公英苦素和维生素A、B、C等，有较好的促消化、抑菌杀菌作用，在鸡饲料中添加2％-3％的蒲公英干粉，能健胃，增加食欲，促进山鸡生长，产蛋率也可提高12％。在山鸡的基础日粮中加入3％-4％的蒲公英粉，对山鸡消化道和呼吸道疾病有防治作用。蒲公英有清热解毒、消肿散结、利尿通淋等功能,对革兰氏阳性菌、金葡萄球菌有抑制作用。饲料中添加2％-3％的蒲公英干粉，有健胃、增进食欲、促进生长等功效,并可预防消化道、呼吸道疾病，提高雏鸡成活率。
天南星：化学成分主要有脂肪酸及甾醇类、生物碱类、凝集素类、氨基酸类等，具有抗菌及抗病毒、保肝利胆、提高免疫力的作用，抑菌谱广，革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌、大肠杆菌等有明显的抑制作用。
甘草：主要成分为甘草酸和甘草次酸，具有抗炎、抗病毒，和保肝解毒及增强免疫功能等作用，在山鸡饲料中添加3％的甘草粉，对防治山鸡咽炎、支气管炎、白痢、佝偻病等有良好效果。
金银花：功效主要是清热解毒，主治温病发热、热毒血痢、痈疽疔毒等。作为饲料添加剂，金银花中含有的绿原酸、木犀草素苷等药理活性成分，对溶血性链球菌、金黄葡萄球菌等多种致病菌及上呼吸道感染致病病毒等有较强的抑制力，另外还可增强免疫力、抗病原微生物、抗炎和解热、加强免疫机能、抗内毒素、治疗呼吸道感染等。
桔梗：富含含桔梗皂苷、桔梗酸A、B、C，具有宣肺利痰、祛痰排脓等功效，用于咳嗽痰多、咳嗽不爽、咽喉肿痛、肺痈。
党参：具有补中益气，健脾益肺的功效，其主要活性成分为党参多糖，加入鸡饲料，有明显的促型生长、增强抗病力、提高免疫功能的作用。
石榴皮：具有涩肠止泻，收敛止血，驱杀肠虫等作用，富含鞣质、没食子酸、树脂、树胶、生物碱等，具有抗菌、抗病毒、驱除寄生虫，可有效医治球虫病、腹泻等。
茯苓：根茎含皂甙、鞣质、树脂等，味甘、淡、性平，加入鸡饲料具有利水渗湿、益脾和胃、宁心安神之功用，能增强机体免疫功能，改善机体状况和增强抗感染能力，解毒、增强营养物质消化吸收等，而且茯苓多糖有明显的保肝脏作用。
玄参：含生物碱、糖类、甾醇、氨基酸(左旋天冬酰胺L-Asparagine等)、脂肪酸(主要是油酸、亚麻酸、硬脂酸)、挥发油、胡萝卜素和维生素A类物质，具有滋阴降火、解毒利咽、润燥生津等功能，同时还具有镇静、降压、强心、解热，扩张血管等作用。
穿心莲：主要成分为穿心莲乙素、穿心莲丙素、高穿心莲内酯、潘尼内酯、穿心莲烷、穿心莲酮、穿心莲甾醇等。穿心莲对多种感染性疾病有效，具有清热解毒、抗菌消炎等作用，主要用于治疗上呼吸道感染及细菌性痢疾。
山楂：主要成分为黄酮类及有机酸类化合物。黄酮类化合物主要有牡荆素、槲皮素、槲皮苷、金丝桃苷和芦丁；有机酸主要有山楂酸、柠檬酸、熊果酸等。可以提高饲料中蛋白质、脂肪的消化率，降低饲料消耗；是理想的天然有机酸供应源，饲料适口性好，提高采食量；减少肠胃道细菌性传染病的发生，提高成活率；减少鸡腹水症和鸡脂肪肝的发生；能有效治疗胃积食、消化不良、腹泻等症状。
板蓝根：主要含有有机酸类化合物(毗啶三羧酸、烃甲基糠酸等)、生物碱类化合物(吲哚类生物碱、喹唑类生物碱和其他类型生物碱等)、微量元素、其他化学成分(异落叶松树脂醇等)。具有抗炎、抗病毒、解热和提高免疫力等作用。
半夏：主要有效成分为生物碱、β-谷甾醇、氨基酸、有机酸、半夏蛋白等。具有燥湿化痰，降逆止呕，消痞散结的功效。加入鸡饲料，对鸡的消化系统、呼吸系统、循环系统等均有较大的益处。
大青叶：有效成分为生物碱、皂甙、多糖和多种酶和辅酶，能够抗甲型流感病毒、抑菌、抗内毒素、提高免疫力、消炎、解毒等，并且能够增加食欲。
杏仁：主要成分为蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、钙、磷、铁、胡萝卜素、抗坏血酸及苦杏仁甙等。杏仁含有丰富的单不饱和脂肪酸，有益于心脏健康；含有维生素E等抗氧化物质，能预防疾病和早衰。杏仁味苦，性微温；归肺、大肠经。具有降气止咳平喘，润肠通便的功效。用于咳嗽气喘，胸满痰多，血虚津枯，肠燥便秘。本品辛苦甘温而质润多油，辛能散邪、苦可下气、润能通便、温可宣滞，既有风寒发散之功，又有平喘下气之效，还能润肠通便，对风寒外感、气喘咳嗽、痰吐不爽用之效好，对肠燥便秘用之效佳。
另一方面，本申请提供了一种新型鸡饲料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将玉米、黄大豆、麦麸按照比例混合后用磨粉机粉碎，过60-80目筛，得到混合料A；
(2)将上述的中草药洗净、烘干，按照上述比例混合，再用粉碎机进行粉碎，过60-80目筛，得到中草药混合粉B；
(3)将从奶牛粪便中分离出来的蚯蚓洗净、风干后烘干灭菌，用粉碎机粉碎，过60-80目筛，得到蚯蚓粉；
(4)蚯蚓粪制备：收集蚯蚓粪置于室外风干，风干后置于烘箱中烘干，烘干后再进行粉碎，过60-80目筛，得到蚯蚓粪干粉，其中所述烘箱中的烘干温度控制在75℃～80℃，烘干时间控制在6h以上，经所述烘干、粉碎后的蚯蚓粪干粉的含水量≤12％；
(5)将混合料A、中草药混合粉B、蚯蚓粉、蚯蚓粪和食盐按照上述比例混合均匀，而后放入饲料颗粒机中制粒，粒径为2-3mm，制得所述含中草药添加剂的鸡饲料。
本发明提供的鸡饲料能够提高鸡的抵抗力，壮骨强身，调整机体功能，减少呼吸道病和肠道病，提高肉质品质和产蛋量，减少软蛋率。
具体实施方式
一方面，本发明提供一种新型鸡饲料，该鸡饲料的技术方案为：按照质量组分组成，玉米68-72份，黄大豆9-11份，麦麸9-11份，蚯蚓粉5-7份，蚯蚓粪5-10份，食盐2-3份，中草药添加剂2-3份。
其中，玉米为有机玉米，麦麸为有机小麦出60粉(60％的出粉率)后剩下的麦麸，黄大豆为有机大豆，蚯蚓粉为用奶牛粪便养殖出来的蚯蚓，风干后再烘干粉碎后的蚯蚓粉，收集蚯蚓粪置于室外风干，风干后置于烘箱中烘干，烘干后再进行粉碎，过60-80目筛，得到蚯蚓粪干粉。玉米、麦麸属于能量组分，黄大豆、蚯蚓粉和蚯蚓粪属于蛋白质组分，具体来说黄大豆是植物性蛋白，蚯蚓粉和蚯蚓粪是动物性蛋白，食盐既是调味剂，又是矿物质。
所述中草药添加剂包括：按照质量组分组成，马齿苋9-11份、黄芪9-11份、蒲公英9-11份、大青叶7-9份、杏仁4-6份、桔梗4-6份、半夏3-5份、天南星2-4份、甘草2-3份、金银花4-6份、板蓝根2-3份、玄参4-5份、穿心莲1-2份、石榴皮5-6份、党参4-5份、茯苓5-6份、山楂4-6份。能有效的预防和医治鸡在成长过程中可能面临的各种常见疾病。
另一方面，本申请提供了一种新型鸡饲料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将玉米、黄大豆、麦麸按照比例混合后用磨粉机粉碎，过60-80目筛，得到混合料A；
(2)将上述的中草药洗净、烘干，按照上述比例混合，再用粉碎机进行粉碎，过60-80目筛，得到中草药混合粉B；
(3)将从奶牛粪便中分离出来的蚯蚓洗净、风干后烘干灭菌，用粉碎机粉碎，过60-80目筛，得到蚯蚓粉；
(4)蚯蚓粪制备：收集蚯蚓粪置于室外风干，风干后置于烘箱中烘干，烘干后再进行粉碎，过60-80目筛，得到蚯蚓粪干粉，其中所述烘箱中的烘干温度控制在75℃～80℃，烘干时间控制在6h以上，经所述烘干、粉碎后的蚯蚓粪干粉的含水量≤12％；
(5)将混合料A、中草药混合粉B、蚯蚓粉、蚯蚓粪和食盐按照上述比例混合均匀，而后放入饲料颗粒机中制粒，粒径为2-3mm，制得所述含中草药添加剂的鸡饲料。
实施例
一种新型鸡饲料，该鸡饲料的制备过程包括以下步骤：
(1)按照质量组分组成，分别称取玉米70份，黄大豆9份，麦麸9份，蚯蚓粉5份，蚯蚓粪3份，食盐2份，中草药添加剂2份；中草药各组分要洗净、烘干，按照质量组分组成，称取马齿苋10份、黄芪10份、蒲公英10份、大青叶9份、杏仁6份、桔梗6份、半夏3份、天南星4份、甘草3份、金银花6份、板蓝根3份、玄参5份、穿心莲2份、石榴皮6份、党参5份、茯苓6份、山楂6份；
(2)将称取的玉米、黄大豆、麦麸混合后用磨粉机粉碎，过60-80目筛，得到混合料A；
(2)将称取的各种中草药组分用粉碎机进行粉碎，过60-80目筛，得到中草药混合粉B；
(3)将称取的蚯蚓用粉碎机粉碎，过60-80目筛，得到蚯蚓粉；
(4)将称取的蚯蚓粪进行粉碎，过60-80目筛，得到蚯蚓粪干粉，其中所述烘箱中的烘干温度控制在80℃，烘干时间控制在7h；
(5)将混合料A、中草药混合粉B、蚯蚓粉、蚯蚓粪和食盐按照上述比例混合均匀，而后放入饲料颗粒机中制粒，粒径为3mm，制得所述含中草药添加剂的鸡饲料。
选取60只体重、身体指标近似的雏鸡，分成2两组，一组饲喂市场上销售的鸡饲料，一组饲喂本发明实施例提供的鸡饲料，得出以下结论。本发明实施例提供的鸡饲料和市场销售的鸡饲料相比，在喂养鸡在15-30天，软蛋率降低30-60％，产蛋率提高2-5％，鸡抵抗疾病的能力显著增强，再继续用本发明的鸡饲料喂养时，鸡的产蛋率可以提高至5-10％，软蛋率降低至80-90％，死亡率降低至50-60％，且鸡抵抗鸡瘟、霍乱等传染性疾病的能力显著增强，而且使用本实施例饲养的鸡的肉质较鲜美且可口。
本发明的保护范围不仅限于具体实施方式所公开的技术方案，以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施方式，并不限制本发明，凡是依据本发明的技术方案对以上实施例所作的任何细微修改、等同替换和改进，均应包含在本发明技术方案的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种新型鸡饲料，其特征在于，所述鸡饲料包括以下组分：玉米、黄大豆、麦麸、蚯蚓粉、蚯蚓粪、食盐和中草药添加剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的新型鸡饲料，其特征在于，所述中草药添加剂包括以下组分：马齿苋、黄芪、蒲公英、大青叶、杏仁、桔梗、半夏、天南星、甘草、金银花、板蓝根、玄参、穿心莲、石榴皮、党参、茯苓、山楂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的新型鸡饲料，其特征在于，所述鸡饲料按照质量组分包括：玉米68-72份，黄大豆9-11份，麦麸9-11份，蚯蚓粉5-7份，蚯蚓粪5-10份，食盐2-3份，中草药添加剂2-3份。
4.根据权利要求3所述的新型鸡饲料，其特征在于，所述中草药添加剂按照质量组分包括：马齿苋9-11份、黄芪9-11份、蒲公英9-11份、大青叶7-9份、杏仁4-6份、桔梗4-6份、半夏3-5份、天南星2-4份、甘草2-3份、金银花4-6份、板蓝根2-3份、玄参4-5份、穿心莲1-2份、石榴皮5-6份、党参4-5份、茯苓5-6份、山楂4-6份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的新型鸡饲料，其特征在于，所述玉米为有机玉米，所述黄大豆为有机大豆，所述麦麸为有机小麦以60％的出粉率后剩下的麦麸。
6.根据权利要求1所述的新型鸡饲料，其特征在于，所述蚯蚓粉为用奶牛粪便养殖出来的蚯蚓，将所述蚯蚓从奶牛粪便中分离出来后，洗净、风干后烘干灭菌，用粉碎机粉碎，过60-80目筛，得到蚯蚓粉。
7.根据权利要求1所述的新型鸡饲料，其特征在于，所述蚯蚓粪是将收集的蚯蚓粪置于室外风干、烘箱中烘干、粉碎、过60-80目筛得到的。
8.根据权利要求1所述的新型鸡饲料，其特征在于，所述烘箱中的烘干温度控制在75℃～80℃，烘干时间控制在6h以上，经所述烘干、粉碎后的蚯蚓粪干粉的含水量≤12％。
9.一种制备权利要求1-8任一项所述的新型鸡饲料的方法，其特征在于，所述鸡饲料的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)按照质量组分，依次称取玉米68-72份，黄大豆9-11份，麦麸9-11份，蚯蚓粉5-7份，蚯蚓粪5-10份，食盐2-3份，中草药添加剂2-3份，其中按照质量组分依次称取马齿苋9-11份、黄芪9-11份、蒲公英9-11份、大青叶7-9份、杏仁4-6份、桔梗4-6份、半夏3-5份、天南星2-4份、甘草2-3份、金银花4-6份、板蓝根2-3份、玄参4-5份、穿心莲1-2份、石榴皮5-6份、党参4-5份、茯苓5-6份、山楂4-6份；
(2)将称取的玉米、黄大豆、麦麸混合后用磨粉机粉碎，过60-80目筛，得到混合料A；
(3)将称取的中草药添加剂各组分混合后用粉碎机进行粉碎，过60-80目筛，得到中草药混合粉B；
(4)将称取的蚯蚓粉用粉碎机粉碎，过60-80目筛，得到蚯蚓粉；
(5)将称取的蚯蚓粪用粉碎机粉碎，过60-80目筛，得到蚯蚓粪干粉；
(6)将混合料A、中草药混合粉B、蚯蚓粉、蚯蚓粪和食盐按照上述比例混合均匀，而后放入饲料颗粒机中制粒，粒径为2-3mm，制得所述含中草药添加剂的鸡饲料。
10.根据权利要求9所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述中草药添加剂各组分洗净、烘干后，再用粉碎机进行粉碎，过60-80目筛，得到中草药混合粉B；
蚯蚓是用奶牛粪便养殖出来的，将所述蚯蚓从奶牛粪便中分离出来后，洗净、风干后烘干灭菌，用粉碎机粉碎，过60-80目筛，得到蚯蚓粉；
收集蚯蚓粪置于室外风干，置于烘箱中烘干、粉碎，过60-80目筛，得到蚯蚓粪干粉，其中所述烘箱中的烘干温度控制在75℃～80℃，烘干时间控制在6h以上，经所述烘干、粉碎后的蚯蚓粪干粉的含水量≤12％。
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| CN107361235A (zh) * | 2017-08-21 | 2017-11-21 | 安龙县海子镇祥飞农业综合开发有限公司 | 一种以蝗虫为原料的鸡饲料及其制备方法 |
| CN108813200A (zh) * | 2018-06-21 | 2018-11-16 | 正安中氏药业有限公司 | 一种鸡用中草药饲料 |
| CN109198238A (zh) * | 2018-09-17 | 2019-01-15 | 鲍源 | 增重鸡饲料及其制作方法 |
| WO2020111497A1 (ko) * | 2018-11-30 | 2020-06-04 | 씨제이제일제당(주) | 사료 첨가제 조성물 및 이를 포함하는 사료 조성물 |
| US20220015392A1 (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2022-01-20 | Cj Cheiljedang Corporation | Feed additive composition and feed composition comprising the same |
| US12290085B2 (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2025-05-06 | Cj Cheiljedang Corporation | Feed additive composition and feed composition comprising the same |
| CN111990534A (zh) * | 2020-09-11 | 2020-11-27 | 广东深海健康科技有限公司 | 一种动物混合饲料及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN112262931A (zh) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-01-26 | 袁振 | 一种含中药成份的家禽保健饲料及其制作方法 |
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