CN109362624A - The method for improving pond net box culturing rice field eel overwintering survival rate - Google Patents
The method for improving pond net box culturing rice field eel overwintering survival rate Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/60—Floating cultivation devices, e.g. rafts or floating fish-farms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/60—Floating cultivation devices, e.g. rafts or floating fish-farms
- A01K61/65—Connecting or mooring devices therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The present invention provides the method for improving pond net box culturing rice field eel overwintering survival rate, belongs to technical field of aquaculture, includes the following steps: to sterilize cultivating pool and net cage；Water plant will be laid in net cage；It puts swamp eel in a suitable place to breed into net cage, tames and dociles and feed chilled fish and mixed feed after eating successfully；Swamp eel every 15-20d applies microorganism formulation 1-3 times after putting in a suitable place to breed；After water temperature is down to 15-20 DEG C, two layers of overwintering nest is at least fixedly installed to net cage bottom for water plant in net cage；Wherein microorganism formulation the preparation method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixed being added in mannosan and mixed solution of sodium alginate containing the mixed liquor of chlorella, photosynthetic bacteria and saccharomycete, be then slowly at the uniform velocity added drop-wise in the calcium chloride solution being stirred continuously, crosslinking.The method of the present invention slows down variation of ambient temperature to swamp eel stress stimulation, promotes Monopterus Albus Feeding, enhances overwintering swamp eel constitution, improves anti-stress ability, improve the survival rate of swamp eel, improve the meat quality of swamp eel.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of aquaculture, and in particular to improve the side of pond net box culturing rice field eel overwintering survival rate
Method.
Background technique
Fish belong to poikilotherm, more sensitive to the decline variation of water temperature, and body can experience the faint temperature difference.
For most fish, under conditions of prolonged cold environment, the behaviors and habits of fish will change.Big portion of China
Region-by-region is in temperate zone, sub- temperate zone environment, the generally existing winter issue of cultured fishes.By low temperature and starvation during fish overwinter
Double influence, fish body metabolic mechanism variation plays an important role during its Cold resistance.Long-term low temperature is to fish
Behavior, feeding activity, stress reaction etc. generate the survival rate for influencing significantly, and then influencing fish, fish are in Wintering Period
Survival condition is influenced by various factors, is more often the complicated synergistic effect of many factors.The fish overwinter phase survives
Rate is mainly by the leading of two kinds of factors of internal cause and external cause.The constituent element of internal cause is mainly from fish body itself constitution situation and fish body
The consumption degree of ergastic substances.For most of fish, in the time of the year when autumn changes into winter, with the continuous decline of water temperature, intensity of feeding meeting
It is substantially reduced.Overwintering period, water temperature are down to 4 DEG C hereinafter, fish basic metabolism is remarkably decreased, and stopping completely being ingested, and dependence is overwintering
If the energy of preceding storage maintains basic vital movement energy reserve insufficient, death threats will be faced.Influence fish safe overwintering
Another key factor be extraneous living environment.Main impact factor includes the decline of water body dissolved oxygen amount, temperature decrease, microorganism
Pathogen, helminth etc..In most of the northern region of China, freezeup period in winter, is up to 5 months as long as, in cultivating pool environment with
Air contact almost stops, and bottom of pond average temperature is at 3-4 DEG C, and surface layer water density is smaller, can not form convective motion, water body stream
It is dynamic slow.In the space near semi-hermetic, bottom of pond organic matter, content of microorganisms are high in addition, and oxygen demand is big, causes in water body
Dissolved oxygen amount reduce.The Physiology and biochemistry modulability variation that fish show under reply low temperature and long-term hungry environment, is one
Adaptation of the kind to living environment.The adaptation reaction for recognizing and understanding fish propagates management level, formulation science artificially to improving
Plan is fed, overwintering survive etc. of cultured fishes is improved and is capable of providing effective theories integration, furthermore also to wild population
The research of quantity and scale has important value.
Swamp eel (Monopterus albus) is commonly called as yellow eel, belongs to semi-tropical fresh water bottom and dwells the fish that live, is distributed mainly on
East Asia and south are the important economic cultured fishes of special type in China.Swamp eel is that typical battalion bottom is dwelt the fish of life, simultaneously
Also have amphibian certain characteristics, like living in quiet environment, swamp eel generally all inhabites in naturally wild environment
In rice field ditch, the quiet shallow waters such as the pond Hu Cha.Nutritive value and medical value with higher are that China is important
Economic freshwater fish, suitable growth temperature are 15-28 DEG C, and when water temperature is lower than 15 DEG C, Monopterus Albus Feeding is significantly reduced；Water temperature is low
When 12.5 DEG C, swamp eel stops ingesting substantially；When water temperature is lower than 5 DEG C, swamp eel initially enters hibernation.Cage culture swamp eel has close
Degree is big, yield is high, feeds the advantages that convenience, harvesting are easy, and cage culture swamp eel is the current main breeding way of China swamp eel, because
It puts eel seedling small current year in a suitable place to breed and cannot cultivate as commodity eel, avoid phase sales peak in autumn and supported with factors, the net cage such as increase economic efficiency
It is overwintering to grow swamp eel needs.
Summary of the invention
One of the objects of the present invention is to provide one kind to slow down variation of ambient temperature to swamp eel stress stimulation, and swamp eel is promoted to take the photograph
Food enhances overwintering swamp eel constitution, improves anti-stress ability, improves the survival rate of swamp eel, improve the raising of the meat quality of swamp eel
The method of pond net box culturing rice field eel overwintering survival rate.
The technical solution that the present invention is taken to achieve the above object are as follows:
The method for improving pond net box culturing rice field eel overwintering survival rate, includes the following steps:
Aquaculture pond and net cage: the cultivating pool and 20-50 mesh net cage of depth of water 2.0-3.0 meters of selection put preceding 13-17d in a suitable place to breed, use
Quick lime is 400-500kg/hm according to dosage2Sterilize pond and net cage；
Transplanting water plant: will be laid with water plant, provide shade and habitat for swamp eel, hide oneself convenient for swamp eel in net cage, and benefit
In overwintering period heat-preserving anti-freezing, while water plant has improvement result to pond culture water quality, can reduce total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and nitrous acid
Salt nitrogen content improves water body dissolved oxygen content, provides fish nest, pre- anti-vulnerability etc.；
Swamp eel is put in a suitable place to breed: putting swamp eel in a suitable place to breed into net cage, tames and dociles the chilled fish and compound feeding for feeding that weight ratio is 1:1 after eating successfully
Material；
Regulating and controlling water quality: swamp eel every 15-20d applies microorganism formulation 1-3 times after putting in a suitable place to breed, and water transparency is made to keep 25-
30cm；
Be arranged nest: after water temperature is down to 15-20 DEG C, in net cage water plant be at least fixedly installed to net cage bottom two layers it is overwintering
Nest；
Wherein, microorganism formulation the preparation method comprises the following steps: will contain the mixed liquor of chlorella, photosynthetic bacteria and saccharomycete be added
It is uniformly mixed in mannosan and mixed solution of sodium alginate, is then slowly at the uniform velocity added drop-wise to the calcium chloride solution being stirred continuously
In, it is crosslinked 18-20h, which is trapped in mannosan and seaweed for chlorella, photosynthetic bacteria and yeast cell
In the network of sour sodium hole, the leakage of cell can be prevented, while matrix can be allowed to penetrate into and diffused out with product, microorganism formulation
The porous and gap structure in intragranular portion provides good growth and breeding condition for microalgae and bacterium, has and solidifies conveniently, to micro-
The advantages that bio-toxicity is small, immobilization density is high.
The present invention improves the method for pond net box culturing rice field eel overwintering survival rate by nutrition regulation, enhances overwintering Finless Eel Monopterus Albus
Matter improves anti-stress ability；Change the overwintering environment of swamp eel, takes note deep water, high net cage, thick water plant, water of increasing fertilizer, sets nest etc. and arrange
It applies, builds preferable overwintering environment for swamp eel, slow down variation of ambient temperature to swamp eel stress stimulation.Using cultivation side of the invention
Method, swamp eel overwintering survival rate reach 95% or more, 5% or less overwintering weight loss to.
Preferably, the mass concentration of mannosan and mixed solution of sodium alginate is 1.5-1.8%；Calcium chloride solution
Mass concentration is 5.0-5.8%.Mannosan and mixed solution of sodium alginate, which are decreased or increased, can make spherolite mechanical strength too small
Or it is excessive to influence the growth of phycomycete, and then the removal of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter is had an impact；The mass fraction of calcium chloride is big
It is small equally can mechanical strength to fixation of microbial cell ball, mass-transfer performance even phycomycete cell activity generate certain shadow
It rings, and the mass concentration of the mass concentration and calcium chloride solution of above-mentioned mannosan and sodium alginate soln is optimal selection.
Preferably, mannosan and sodium alginate weight ratio are 1 in mannosan and mixed solution of sodium alginate:
0.15-0.20.The rational proportion of mannosan and sodium alginate makes mannosan point in mannosan and sodium alginate soln
Free hydroxyl group and hydrone in son increase the mesh-density that mannosan and sodium alginate are formed at hydrogen chain combination, are phycomycete
Large surface area, fixed more phycomycetes are provided with the contact of mannosan and sodium alginate, immobilization makes the concentration of phycomycete
It greatly increases, greatly improves the removal efficiency to nitrogen phosphorus in breeding water, while while improving the density of microorganism formulation
The mechanical strength of microorganism formulation is improved, so that microorganism formulation is easy to sink under water and be not destroyed, plays preferably purification
Effect, another aspect mannosan it is hyperbranched can by electrostatic interaction and coordination and chlorella, photosynthetic bacteria and
The surface functional group of saccharomycete combines, and improves them in microorganism while fixed pellet algae, photosynthetic bacteria and saccharomycete
Dispersibility in preparation plays the effect of chlorella, photosynthetic bacteria and saccharomycete improvement water quality to the maximum extent, improves pond net
Case culturing rice field eel overwintering survival rate, furthermore the presence of mannosan can delay the degradation by microorganism of sodium alginate, make micro-
Biological agent has slow release effect, prolongs its service life, reduces the frequency of use of microorganism formulation.
Preferably, net cage is 3.0m × 2.0m × 2.0m opened type net cage in step 1), surrounding is fixed with timber, on
End is tensed with wirerope, is arranged side by side in pond with multiple rows of, and every row is separated by 3m, arrange in net cage interval 1m, from pool ridge 3m or more,
Net cage underwater penetration 0.8m is discharged 0.5m, from bottom 0.4m or more.Average every 1hm2The water surface is arranged 600, net cage.This net cage is set
Mode is set, aquifer cultivation area can be made full use of, the dissolved oxygen content in net cage is high, is conducive to the growth of swamp eel.
Preferably, water plant carries out water plant with chrysanthemum esters medicine and copper sulphate after going root to clean when transplanting in step 2)
Pesticide and disinfectant is impregnated, water plant is selected from water peanut, water hyacinth or red duckweed.The helminths such as the leech on water plant are mainly killed, are just moved
When plant, appropriate nitrogenous fertilizer can be imposed to promote water plant prosperous growth, carry out controlling worm fertilising depending on water plant growing state in breeding process, keep case
Interior water plant is dark green green for a long time.When water plant height is more than outlet mouth, to prevent swamp eel along grass flight, should prescind in time.
Preferably, water plant 15-25d before putting swamp eel in a suitable place to breed is laid with, and laying depth 32-38cm accounts for net cage in step 2)
Area 70-80%.
Preferably, the stocking size of swamp eel is 30-50g/ tail in step 3), breeding density is 9-12kg/ case.
Preferably, taming and dociling food method particularly includes: be arranged on the intensive water surface of each net cage both ends water plant in step 3)
1-3 feed table, does not launch any bait in 3d after swamp eel cartonning, 4d starts to feed the compound of swamp eel weight 1.0-2.0%
Feed tames and dociles food 1-2d.
Preferably, mixed feed includes following ingredient and its parts by weight in step 3): 26-32 parts of fish meal, fermented bean dregs
30-36 parts, 15-20 parts of dregs of beans, 2-3 parts of fish oil, 10-15 parts of vegetable oil, 0.02-0.2 parts of vitamin C, 4-6 parts of astragalus polyose,
0.2-0.4 parts of jamaicin, 0.001-0.002 parts of trichostatin, 2-3 parts of grape seed extract, 1-2 parts of composite mineral matter.Its
The rational proportion of middle polysaccharide, jamaicin and trichostatin can play gain effect, can stimulate the intracorporal silencing of swamp eel machine
Then gene synthesizes arachidonic acid so that the 18:1n-9 in swamp eel body is converted into 18:2n-6, and arachidonic ring
Oxygenase metabolite prostaglandin can regulating hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis sensibility, in face of stress when energy
Enough change the release of cortisol and cortisone, can partial offset coerce caused by cortisol reaction, while can also offset anti-
The Na of the gill caused by stress agent and feed are fed+/K+The raising of atpase activity, and swamp eel can also be changed under stress situation
Reaction and adjust osmotic pressure process, promote the growth of swamp eel, reduce accumulation of lipid, furthermore can also activate T, bone-marrow-derived lymphocyte,
The immunocytes such as macrophage, natural killer cells improve the functions such as nospecific immunity, can resist the infringement of part polypide and
Secondary bacteriosis, quick repairing machine bulk damage enable swamp eel better against virus evil, and auxiliary improves swamp eel
Survival rate.The mixed feed scientific compatibility meets the demand of the overwintering cultivation growth of swamp eel, may advantageously facilitate Monopterus Albus Feeding, increase
Strong overwintering swamp eel constitution, improves anti-stress ability, can improve its survival rate with safe overwintering；It is thick that swamp eel muscle can be improved simultaneously
Ash content and protein content, improving to swamp eel meat quality has positive effect, can reduce liver body when dirty body ratio, improves grossness
Degree is conducive to swamp eel sale, reaches ideal feeding effect, create preferable social value and economic interests.
Preferably, feeding mode in step 3) are as follows: fed every time by the 3-6% of swamp eel weight, 1d is fed 1 time.Daily
17:00-18:00 is fed, and let alone swamp eel in the morning, it is allowed to rest, and reduction activity and consumption energy promote growth.
Preferably, branch mailbox when putting in a suitable place to breed to 70-80d.Branch mailbox number is too many, not only influences appetite, but also will affect into
Motility rate.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the benefit that
The present invention improves the method for pond net box culturing rice field eel overwintering survival rate by changing the overwintering environment of swamp eel, takes note
Deep water, thick water plant, water of increasing fertilizer, sets the measures such as nest at high net cage, builds preferable overwintering environment for swamp eel, slows down environment temperature
Variation is to swamp eel stress stimulation, so that swamp eel overwintering survival rate reaches 95% or more, 5% or less overwintering weight loss to；This hair
It is bright to use mixed feed scientific compatibility, the demand of the overwintering cultivation growth of swamp eel is met, Monopterus Albus Feeding is may advantageously facilitate, enhances overwintering
Swamp eel constitution, improves anti-stress ability, and safe overwintering improves its survival rate；Swamp eel can be improved with mixed feed in the present invention simultaneously
Muscle coarse ash and protein content, improving to swamp eel meat quality has positive effect, can reduce liver body when dirty body ratio, mention
High coefficient of condition is conducive to swamp eel sale, reaches ideal feeding effect.
Present invention employs above-mentioned technical proposals to provide the method for improving pond net box culturing rice field eel overwintering survival rate, makes up
The deficiencies in the prior art, reasonable design, easy operation.
Specific embodiment
In the following, being described further in conjunction with specific embodiments to embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
The method for improving pond net box culturing rice field eel overwintering survival rate, includes the following steps:
1) aquaculture pond and net cage: the cultivating pool and 50 mesh net cages of 3.0 meters of the depth of water of selection are put preceding 17d in a suitable place to breed, are pressed with quick lime
It is 500kg/hm according to dosage2Sterilize pond and net cage；
2) it transplants water plant: water plant will be laid in net cage, provide shade and habitat for swamp eel, hide oneself convenient for swamp eel, and
Conducive to overwintering period heat-preserving anti-freezing, while water plant has improvement result to pond culture water quality, can reduce total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and nitrous
Hydrochlorate nitrogen content improves water body dissolved oxygen content, provides fish nest, pre- anti-vulnerability etc.；
3) swamp eel is put in a suitable place to breed: putting swamp eel in a suitable place to breed into net cage, tames and dociles the chilled fish and compound feeding for feeding that weight ratio is 1:1 after eating successfully
Material；
4) regulating and controlling water quality: swamp eel is applied microorganism formulation 3 times after putting in a suitable place to breed every 20d, and water transparency is made to keep 30cm；
5) be arranged nest: after water temperature is down to 20 DEG C, in net cage water plant be at least fixedly installed to net cage bottom two layers it is overwintering
Nest, the black PVC pipe that nest is 10 centimetres of diameter are 1.2 meters, 2 every layer long；
Wherein, microorganism formulation the preparation method comprises the following steps: will contain the mixed liquor of chlorella, photosynthetic bacteria and saccharomycete be added
It is uniformly mixed in mannosan and mixed solution of sodium alginate, is then slowly at the uniform velocity added drop-wise to the calcium chloride solution being stirred continuously
In, be crosslinked 20h, wherein chlorella, photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycete volume ratio be 1:0.35:0.18, which will be small
Ball algae, photosynthetic bacteria and yeast cell are trapped in the network of mannosan and sodium alginate hole, can prevent cell
Leakage, at the same can allow matrix penetrate into and product diffuse out, the porous and gap structure in microorganism formulation intragranular portion, be microalgae and
Bacterium provides good growth and breeding condition, has many advantages, such as that solidification is convenient, small to Ecotoxicology, immobilization density is high.
The method of above-mentioned raising pond net box culturing rice field eel overwintering survival rate enhances overwintering Finless Eel Monopterus Albus by nutrition regulation
Matter improves anti-stress ability；Change the overwintering environment of swamp eel, takes note deep water, high net cage, thick water plant, water of increasing fertilizer, sets nest etc. and arrange
It applies, builds preferable overwintering environment for swamp eel, slow down variation of ambient temperature to swamp eel stress stimulation.Using cultivation side of the invention
Method, swamp eel overwintering survival rate reach 95% or more, 5% or less overwintering weight loss to.
The mass concentration of above-mentioned mannosan and mixed solution of sodium alginate is 1.8%；The mass concentration of calcium chloride solution
It is 5.8%.Mannosan and mixed solution of sodium alginate, which are decreased or increased, can make spherolite mechanical strength too small or excessive to shadow
The growth of phycomycete is rung, and then the removal of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter is had an impact；The mass fraction size of calcium chloride equally can be to solid
Surely change the mechanical strength of microbial cell ball, mass-transfer performance even phycomycete cell activity and generate certain influence, and above-mentioned sweet dew
The mass concentration of the mass concentration and calcium chloride solution of glycan and sodium alginate soln is optimal selection；Mannosan and alginic acid
Mannosan and sodium alginate weight ratio are 1:0.20 in sodium mixed solution.Mannosan in mannosan and sodium alginate soln
Make free hydroxyl group in mannosan molecule and hydrone at hydrogen chain combination with the rational proportion of sodium alginate, it is poly- to increase sweet dew
The mesh-density that sugar and sodium alginate are formed, provides large surface area with the contact of mannosan and sodium alginate for phycomycete,
Fixed more phycomycetes, immobilization greatly increase the concentration of phycomycete, greatly improve the removal efficiency to nitrogen phosphorus in breeding water,
The mechanical strength for improving microorganism formulation while improving the density of microorganism formulation simultaneously, so that microorganism formulation is easy to heavy
Enter water-bed and be not destroyed, plays better clean-up effect, the hyperbranched of another aspect mannosan can be made by electrostatic
It is combined with coordination with the surface functional group of chlorella, photosynthetic bacteria and saccharomycete, in fixed pellet algae, photosynthetic bacteria
With their dispersibilities in microorganism formulation are improved while saccharomycete, to the maximum extent play chlorella, photosynthetic bacteria and
Saccharomycete improves the effect of water quality, improves pond net box culturing rice field eel overwintering survival rate, furthermore the presence of mannosan can prolong
The degradation by microorganism of slow sodium alginate, makes microorganism formulation have slow release effect, prolongs its service life, and reduces microorganism
The frequency of use of preparation.
In step 1), net cage is 3.0m × 2.0m × 2.0m opened type net cage, and surrounding is fixed with timber, upper end wirerope
It tenses, is arranged side by side in pond with multiple rows of, every row is separated by 3m, arranges interior net cage interval 1m, from pool ridge 3m or more, net cage enters the depth of water
0.8m is spent, 0.5m is discharged, from bottom 0.4m or more.Average every 1hm2The water surface is arranged 600, net cage.This net cage set-up mode, can
To make full use of aquifer cultivation area, the dissolved oxygen content in net cage is high, is conducive to the growth of swamp eel；Water plant goes root to clean when transplanting
Immersion pesticide and disinfectant is carried out to water plant with chrysanthemum esters medicine and copper sulphate afterwards, water plant is selected from water peanut, water hyacinth or red duckweed.Mainly
It is that the helminths such as the leech on killing water plant can impose appropriate nitrogenous fertilizer to promote water plant prosperous growth, regard in breeding process just when transplanting
Water plant growing state carries out controlling worm fertilising, keeps the water plant in case dark green green for a long time.When water plant height is more than outlet mouth, to prevent
Swamp eel should prescind in time along grass flight；Water plant 25d before putting swamp eel in a suitable place to breed is laid with, and laying depth 38cm accounts for net cage area
80%.
In step 3), the stocking size of swamp eel is 50g/ tail, and breeding density is 12kg/ case；Tame and docile food method particularly includes:
3 feed tables are set on the intensive water surface of each net cage both ends water plant, do not launch any bait after swamp eel cartonning in 3d, 4d is opened
Beginning feeds the mixed feed of swamp eel weight 2.0%, tames and dociles food 2d；In step 3), mixed feed includes following ingredient and its again
Measure part: 32 parts of fish meal, 36 parts of fermented bean dregs, 20 parts of dregs of beans, 3 parts of fish oil, 15 parts of vegetable oil, 0.2 part of vitamin C, astragalus polyose
6 parts, 0.4 part of jamaicin, 0.002 part of trichostatin, 3 parts of grape seed extract, 2 parts of composite mineral matter.Wherein polysaccharide, barberry
The rational proportion of alkali and trichostatin can play gain effect, the intracorporal cryptiogene of swamp eel machine can be stimulated, so that yellow
18:1n-9 in eel body is converted into 18:2n-6, then synthesizes arachidonic acid, and arachidonic cyclooxygenase is metabolized
Product prostaglandin can regulating hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis sensibility, in face of stress when can change cortex
The release of pure and mild cortisone, can partial offset coerce caused by cortisol reaction, while Antistress agent and feeding can also be offset
The Na of the gill caused by material is fed+/K+The raising of atpase activity, and can also change reaction of the swamp eel under stress situation and
Adjust osmotic pressure process, promote the growth of swamp eel, reduce accumulation of lipid, furthermore can also activate T, bone-marrow-derived lymphocyte, macrophage,
The immunocytes such as natural killer cells improve the functions such as nospecific immunity, can resist part polypide infringement and secondary
Bacteriosis, quick repairing machine bulk damage enable swamp eel better against virus evil, and auxiliary improves the survival rate of swamp eel.
The mixed feed scientific compatibility meets the demand of the overwintering cultivation growth of swamp eel, may advantageously facilitate Monopterus Albus Feeding, enhance overwintering Huang
Eel constitution improves anti-stress ability, can improve its survival rate with safe overwintering；Swamp eel muscle coarse ash and egg can be improved simultaneously
White matter content, improving to swamp eel meat quality has positive effect, can reduce liver body when dirty body ratio, improves coefficient of condition, favorably
It is sold in swamp eel, reaches ideal feeding effect, create preferable social value and economic interests.Feed mode are as follows: press every time
The 6% of swamp eel weight is fed, and 1d is fed 1 time.Daily 17:00-18:00 is fed, and let alone swamp eel in the morning, it is allowed to rest, and is reduced and is lived
Dynamic and consumption energy, promotes growth.
Branch mailbox when above-mentioned swamp eel is put in a suitable place to breed to 80d.Branch mailbox number is too many, not only influences appetite, but also will affect survival rate.
Prevention of damage by disease and it is other cultivation, administrative skill it is suitable with net cage eel culturing technology is now widely used.It is right in breeding process
Dead swamp eel counts, and calculates overwintering preceding every case swamp eel quantity.The results are shown in Table 1.
Embodiment 2:
The method for improving pond net box culturing rice field eel overwintering survival rate, includes the following steps:
1) aquaculture pond and net cage: the cultivating pool and 30 mesh net cages of 2.5 meters of the depth of water of selection are put preceding 15d in a suitable place to breed, are pressed with quick lime
It is 450kg/hm according to dosage2Sterilize pond and net cage；
2) transplant water plant: water plant with a thickness of 35cm will be laid with by putting 20d before swamp eel in a suitable place to breed in net cage, account for net cage area 75%,
Immersion pesticide and disinfectant is carried out to water plant with chrysanthemum esters medicine and copper sulphate after going root to clean when water plant transplanting, water plant is selected from spray
Raw, water hyacinth or red duckweed；
3) swamp eel is put in a suitable place to breed: by stocking size be 40g/ tail, breeding density is that 10kg/ case puts swamp eel in a suitable place to breed into net cage, every
2 feed tables are set on the intensive water surface of a net cage both ends water plant, do not launch any bait after swamp eel cartonning in 3d, 4d starts
The mixed feed of swamp eel weight 1.5% is fed, feeds the chilled fish and mixed feed that weight ratio is 1:1 after taming and dociling food 1.5d, every time
It is fed by the 5% of swamp eel weight, 1d is fed 1 time, branch mailbox when putting in a suitable place to breed to 75d；
4) regulating and controlling water quality: swamp eel is applied microorganism formulation 2 times after putting in a suitable place to breed every 18d, and water transparency is made to keep 28cm；
5) be arranged nest: after water temperature is down to 18 DEG C, in net cage water plant be at least fixedly installed to net cage bottom two layers it is overwintering
Nest；
Wherein, microorganism formulation the preparation method comprises the following steps: will contain the mixed liquor of chlorella, photosynthetic bacteria and saccharomycete be added
It uniformly mixes, is then slowly at the uniform velocity added drop-wise to constantly in the mannosan and mixed solution of sodium alginate that mass concentration is 1.7%
In the calcium chloride solution that the mass concentration of stirring is 5.4%, it is crosslinked 19h, microorganism formulation is made, wherein chlorella, photosynthetic thin
Bacterium, saccharomycete volume ratio be 1:0.4:0.21；Mannosan and sodium alginate in mannosan and mixed solution of sodium alginate
Weight ratio is 1:0.18.
In step 3), mixed feed includes following ingredient and its parts by weight: 30 parts of fish meal, 33 parts of fermented bean dregs, dregs of beans 17
Part, 2.4 parts of fish oil, 12 parts of vegetable oil, 0.1 part of vitamin C, 5 parts of astragalus polyose, 0.3 part of jamaicin, trichostatin
0.0015 part, 2.5 parts of grape seed extract, 1.5 parts of composite mineral matter.
Prevention of damage by disease and it is other cultivation, administrative skill it is suitable with net cage eel culturing technology is now widely used.It is right in breeding process
Dead swamp eel counts, and calculates overwintering preceding every case swamp eel quantity.The results are shown in Table 1.
Embodiment 3:
The method for improving pond net box culturing rice field eel overwintering survival rate, includes the following steps:
1) aquaculture pond and net cage: the cultivating pool and 20 mesh net cages of 2.0 meters of the depth of water of selection are put preceding 13d in a suitable place to breed, are pressed with quick lime
It is 400kg/hm according to dosage2Sterilize pond and net cage；
2) transplant water plant: water plant with a thickness of 32cm will be laid with by putting 15d before swamp eel in a suitable place to breed in net cage, account for net cage area 70%,
Immersion pesticide and disinfectant is carried out to water plant with chrysanthemum esters medicine and copper sulphate after going root to clean when water plant transplanting, water plant is selected from spray
Raw, water hyacinth or red duckweed；
3) swamp eel is put in a suitable place to breed: by stocking size be 30g/ tail, breeding density is that 9kg/ case puts swamp eel in a suitable place to breed into net cage, each
1 feed table is set on the intensive water surface of net cage both ends water plant, does not launch any bait after swamp eel cartonning in 3d, 4d starts to throw
The mixed feed of swamp eel weight 1.0% is fed, the chilled fish and mixed feed that weight ratio is 1:1 are fed after taming and dociling food 1d, every time by Huang
The 3% of eel weight is fed, and 1d is fed 1 time, branch mailbox when putting in a suitable place to breed to 70d；
4) regulating and controlling water quality: swamp eel is applied microorganism formulation 1 time after putting in a suitable place to breed every 15d, and water transparency is made to keep 25cm；
5) be arranged nest: after water temperature is down to 15 DEG C, in net cage water plant be at least fixedly installed to net cage bottom two layers it is overwintering
Nest；
Wherein, microorganism formulation the preparation method comprises the following steps: will contain the mixed liquor of chlorella, photosynthetic bacteria and saccharomycete be added
It uniformly mixes, is then slowly at the uniform velocity added drop-wise to constantly in the mannosan and mixed solution of sodium alginate that mass concentration is 1.5%
In the calcium chloride solution that the mass concentration of stirring is 5.0%, it is crosslinked 18h, microorganism formulation is made, wherein chlorella, photosynthetic thin
Bacterium, saccharomycete volume ratio be 1:0.45:0.24, mannosan and sodium alginate in mannosan and mixed solution of sodium alginate
Weight ratio is 1:0.15.
In step 3), mixed feed includes following ingredient and its parts by weight: 26 parts of fish meal, 30 parts of fermented bean dregs, dregs of beans 15
Part, 2 parts of fish oil, 10 parts of vegetable oil, 0.02 part of vitamin C, 4 parts of astragalus polyose, 0.2 part of jamaicin, trichostatin 0.001
Part, 2 parts of grape seed extract, 1 part of composite mineral matter.
Prevention of damage by disease and it is other cultivation, administrative skill it is suitable with net cage eel culturing technology is now widely used.It is right in breeding process
Dead swamp eel counts, and calculates overwintering preceding every case swamp eel quantity.The results are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 1:
As different from Example 2: mixed feed includes following ingredient and its parts by weight: 30 parts of fish meal, fermented bean dregs 33
Part, 17 parts of dregs of beans, 2.4 parts of fish oil, 12 parts of vegetable oil, 0.1 part of vitamin C, 5 parts of astragalus polyose, 0.3 part of jamaicin, grape pip
2.5 parts of extract, 1.5 parts of composite mineral matter.
Prevention of damage by disease and it is other cultivation, administrative skill it is suitable with net cage eel culturing technology is now widely used.It is right in breeding process
Dead swamp eel counts, and calculates overwintering preceding every case swamp eel quantity.The results are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 2:
As different from Example 2: microorganism formulation the preparation method comprises the following steps: chlorella, photosynthetic bacteria and yeast will be contained
The mixed liquor of bacterium is added in the mixed solution of sodium alginate that mass concentration is 1.7% and uniformly mixes, and is then slowly at the uniform velocity added drop-wise to
In the calcium chloride solution that the mass concentration being stirred continuously is 5.4%, it is crosslinked 19h, microorganism formulation is made.To the purification effect of water quality
The influence of fruit is as shown in table 2.
Comparative example 3:
As different from Example 2: microorganism formulation the preparation method comprises the following steps: chlorella, photosynthetic bacteria and yeast will be contained
The mixed liquor of bacterium is added in the mannan solution that mass concentration is 1.7% and uniformly mixes, and is then slowly at the uniform velocity added drop-wise to constantly
In the calcium chloride solution that the mass concentration of stirring is 5.4%, it is crosslinked 19h, microorganism formulation is made.To the clean-up effect of water quality
It influences as shown in table 2.
The winter survival rate and weight loss rate that 1 pond net box culturing rice field eel of table is got over
| Classification | Survival rate (%) | Weight loss rate (%) |
| Embodiment 1 | 97.7 | 3.8 |
| Embodiment 2 | 99.2 | 3.1 |
| Embodiment 3 | 97.4 | 3.5 |
| Comparative example 1 | 90.8 | 4.0 |
As shown in Table 1, embodiment 1, embodiment 2, the high survival rate of embodiment 3 be in comparative example 1, weight loss rate lower than pair
Ratio 1 shows that the presence of polysaccharide in mixed feed, jamaicin and trichostatin and rational proportion can promote the life of swamp eel
It is long, improve the survival rate of swamp eel；Accumulation of lipid is reduced, swamp eel muscle coarse ash and protein content are improved, to swamp eel muscle product
Matter, which improves, has positive effect, final to improve swamp eel coefficient of condition.
The preparation method of 2 different microorganisms preparation of table is to improver of water quality clean-up effect
As shown in Table 2, the clean-up effect of embodiment 2 is better than comparative example 1 and comparative example 2, shows mannosan and alginic acid
The presence of sodium can make phycomycete ball play the effect that chlorella, photosynthetic bacteria and saccharomycete improve water quality to the maximum extent, in turn
Improve the clean-up effect of improver of water quality.
The prior art of routine techniques dawn known to those skilled in the art in above-described embodiment, therefore herein no longer in detail
It repeats.
The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, and not limitation of the present invention, the ordinary skill people of this field
Member can also make a variety of changes and modification without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.Therefore, all equivalent
Technical solution also belong to scope of the invention, scope of patent protection of the invention should be defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. the method for improving pond net box culturing rice field eel overwintering survival rate, characterized by the following steps:
1) aquaculture pond and net cage: cultivating pool and net cage are sterilized；
2) it transplants water plant: water plant will be laid in net cage；
3) swamp eel is put in a suitable place to breed: putting swamp eel in a suitable place to breed into net cage, tames and dociles and feed chilled fish and mixed feed after eating successfully；
4) regulating and controlling water quality: swamp eel every 15-20d applies microorganism formulation 1-3 times after putting in a suitable place to breed；
5) nest is arranged: after water temperature is down to 15-20 DEG C, two layers of hibernaculum is at least fixedly installed in water plant to net cage bottom in net cage
Cave；
The microorganism formulation the preparation method comprises the following steps: will contain the mixed liquor of chlorella, photosynthetic bacteria and saccharomycete be added sweet dew
It uniformly mixes in glycan and mixed solution of sodium alginate, is then slowly at the uniform velocity added drop-wise in the calcium chloride solution being stirred continuously, hand over
Join 18-20h.
2. a kind of method for improving pond net box culturing rice field eel overwintering survival rate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The mass concentration of the mannosan and mixed solution of sodium alginate is 1.5-1.8%；The mass concentration of calcium chloride solution is
5.0-5.8%.
3. a kind of method for improving pond net box culturing rice field eel overwintering survival rate according to claim 1 or 2, feature exist
In mannosan and sodium alginate weight ratio are 1:0.15-0.20 in the mannosan and mixed solution of sodium alginate.
4. a kind of method for improving pond net box culturing rice field eel overwintering survival rate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
In step 2), the water plant carries out immersion pesticide and disinfectant when transplanting, and the water plant is selected from water peanut, water hyacinth or red duckweed.
5. a kind of method for improving pond net box culturing rice field eel overwintering survival rate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
In step 2), water plant 15-25d before putting swamp eel in a suitable place to breed is laid with, and laying depth 32-38cm accounts for net cage area 70-80%.
6. a kind of method for improving pond net box culturing rice field eel overwintering survival rate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
In step 3), the stocking size of the swamp eel is 30-50g/ tail, and breeding density is 9-12kg/ case.
7. a kind of method for improving pond net box culturing rice field eel overwintering survival rate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
In step 3), the tame and docile food method particularly includes: 1-3 feed table is set on the intensive water surface of each net cage both ends water plant,
Any bait is not launched after swamp eel cartonning in 3d, 4d starts to feed the mixed feed of swamp eel weight 1.0-2.0%, tames and dociles food 1-2d
?.
8. a kind of method for improving pond net box culturing rice field eel overwintering survival rate according to claim 1 or claim 7, feature exist
In in step 3), the mixed feed includes following ingredient and its parts by weight: 26-32 parts of fish meal, 30-36 parts of fermented bean dregs, beans
15-20 parts of the dregs of rice, 2-3 parts of fish oil, 10-15 parts of vegetable oil, 0.02-0.2 parts of vitamin C, 4-6 parts of astragalus polyose, jamaicin 0.2-
0.4 part, 0.001-0.002 parts of trichostatin, 2-3 parts of grape seed extract, 1-2 parts of composite mineral matter.
9. a kind of method for improving pond net box culturing rice field eel overwintering survival rate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
It is described to feed mode in step 3) are as follows: to be fed every time by the 3-6% of swamp eel weight, 1d is fed 1 time.
10. a kind of method for improving pond net box culturing rice field eel overwintering survival rate according to claim 1, feature exist
Branch mailbox when, the swamp eel is put in a suitable place to breed to 70-80d.
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