CN109358361A - A method of extracting seismic ray vector - Google Patents
A method of extracting seismic ray vector Download PDFInfo
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- CN109358361A CN109358361A CN201811214870.3A CN201811214870A CN109358361A CN 109358361 A CN109358361 A CN 109358361A CN 201811214870 A CN201811214870 A CN 201811214870A CN 109358361 A CN109358361 A CN 109358361A
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- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
- G01V1/18—Receiving elements, e.g. seismometer, geophone or torque detectors, for localised single point measurements
- G01V1/181—Geophones
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
- G01V1/362—Effecting static or dynamic corrections; Stacking
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of method for extracting seismic ray vector, includes the following steps: step 1, utilizes two orthogonal vibration pickup arrangement acquisition seismic datas；Two orthogonal vibration pickup arrangements, which refer to, projects mutually perpendicular vibration pickup arrangement mode in horizontal plane by what two vibration pickups rearranged, the number of this two mutually perpendicular vibration pickup arrangements is respectively No. 1 arrangement, No. 2 arrangements, and the vibration pickup at intersection location is contact vibration pickup；Step 2, No. 1 is obtained using velocity scanning method arrange upper seismic phase apparent velocity, the upper seismic phase apparent velocity of No. 2 arrangements；Step 3, apparent velocity azimuth is solved using seismic phase apparent velocity；Step 4, the ratio of calculating speed and apparent velocity；Step 5, the outgoing vector of seismic ray is solved.Such method can extract seismic ray using the seismic data of the vertical simple component vibration pickup arrangement acquisition of earth's surface and be emitted vector.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to microseismic field, in particular to a kind of method for extracting seismic ray vector.
Background technique
Seismic ray vector provides seismic events detection, earthquake source positioning and focal mechanism inverting in micro-seismic monitoring
Important evidence.Seismic ray vector extracting method relies on multichannel wave detector multi component seismic records collected.Existing
Seismic ray vector extracting method can be broadly divided into: (1) extracting seismic phase relevant to seismic events；(2) from three-component
The amplitude of seismic phase on each channel is extracted in shake record；(3) earthquake ray vector is synthesized using seismic phase amplitude on each component.Earth's surface is micro-
In seismic monitoring, seismic wave is absorbed by near surface medium, and ambient noise interference, this leads to multi-component seismic monitoring materials signal-to-noise ratio
It is low, it is difficult to effectively identification earthquake truth relevant to seismic events, it is difficult to seismic phase is effectively picked up from three-component seismic data
Amplitude in each channel, it is difficult to accurately extract seismic ray vector.Three-component geophone is using multiple acquisition channels record ground
Displacement, speed or the acceleration parameter in three directions of apparent measuring point, thus three-component geophone cost is compared with simple component wave detector
Higher cost.Cost is relatively low for simple component vibration pickup three-component vibration pickup, but be only capable of the record surface displacement of single direction, speed or
Amount of acceleration, thus independent simple component vibration pickup is difficult to be utilized and extracts seismic ray vector.
In conclusion using simple component vibration pickup combination replacement multi -components how when reducing micro-seismic monitoring cost
Wave detector, the outgoing vector for effectively and accurately extracting seismic ray is asking for current microseismic personnel urgent need to resolve
Thus topic, this case generate.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of method for extracting seismic ray vector, vertically singly divide using earth's surface
The seismic data for measuring vibration pickup arrangement acquisition extracts seismic ray and is emitted vector.
In order to achieve the above objectives, solution of the invention is:
A method of seismic ray vector is extracted, is included the following steps:
Step 1, two orthogonal vibration pickup arrangement acquisition seismic datas are utilized；Two orthogonal pick-ups
Device arrangement, which refers to, projects mutually perpendicular vibration pickup arrangement mode in horizontal plane by what two vibration pickups rearranged, this two mutually
The number of perpendicular vibration pickup arrangement is respectively No. 1 arrangement, No. 2 arrangements, and the vibration pickup at intersection location is contact vibration pickup；
Step 2, upper seismic phase apparent velocity, the upper seismic phase view speed of No. 2 arrangements are arranged using the acquisition of velocity scanning method 1
Degree；
Step 3, apparent velocity azimuth is solved using seismic phase apparent velocity；
Step 4, the ratio of calculating speed and apparent velocity；
Step 5, the outgoing vector of seismic ray is solved.
In above-mentioned steps 1, vibration pickup uses simple component wave detector, double component wave detectors, three-component geophone, relative gravity
Instrument, absolute gravimeter, dipmeter or water pipe instrument.
The particular content of above-mentioned steps 2 is: using get in touch with vibration pickup acquisition seismic data as benchmark seismic channel, according to same
Spacing, the scanning speed of vibration pickup and contact vibration pickup in arrangement, when calculating seismic phase delay using following formula:
Wherein, diRefer to i-th of vibration pickup at a distance from contact vibration pickup, v refers to scanning speed；
When according to delay, being calculated using following formula from extraction time in the seismic channel that vibration pickup acquires is got in touch with is t0Amplitude
And scanning speed is taken as v0When superposition amplitude:
Wherein,Refer to the superposition value for arranging the amplitude extracted in the seismic waveform data acquired from vibration pickup, includes
Extraction time is t from the seismic channel that contact vibration pickup acquires0Amplitude, and from other vibration pickups acquire seismic channel in
Extraction time isAmplitude；When being the delay of amplitude extraction, SiRefer to the earthquake record of i-th of vibration pickup acquisition,Refer to that the time is in the earthquake record of i-th of vibration pickup acquisitionAmplitude, i indicate vibration pickup number, N
Indicate vibration pickup sum；
Superposition amplitude spectrum is constructed using following formula:
Wherein, Av,tIndicate superposition amplitude at any time and the function of scan speed change,It indicates to mention in seismic channel
Corresponding time when taking amplitude, M indicate the total length of time of contact seismic channel data, vkIndicate scanning speed, it is continuous by one group
The velocity amplitude v of increase1,v2,v3,...,vRIt constitutes, v1Indicating the smallest scanning speed, R indicates velocity amplitude sum, as k=R,
vkIndicate maximum scanning speed；
At the time of maximum superposition amplitude corresponds in selection amplitude spectrum then as seismic phase, peak swing value is corresponding
Scanning speed is apparent velocity of the seismic phase in vibration pickup arrangement.
The particular content of above-mentioned steps 3 is: seeking the apparent velocity of seismic phase using the method for Vector modulation, and calculates view
Speed and No. 1 arrangement, No. 2 angles arranged.
The particular content for the apparent velocity that the above-mentioned method using Vector modulation seeks seismic phase is: being obtained according to No. 1 arrangement
The apparent velocity that the apparent velocity taken and No. 2 arrangements obtain, seeks seismic phase apparent velocity using following formula:
Wherein, V' refers to seismic phase apparent velocity, V1Refer to the apparent velocity that No. 1 arrangement obtains, V2Refer to the view speed that No. 2 arrangements obtain
Degree.
In above-mentioned steps 5, the formula for solving the outgoing vector of seismic ray is:
Wherein, P refers to the outgoing vector of seismic ray, V1Refer to the apparent velocity that No. 1 arrangement obtains, V2Refer to the view that No. 2 arrangements obtain
Speed, V refer to the seismic phase speed of near surface medium.
After adopting the above scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) it is suitable for simple component vibration pickup to arrange, the use of three-component vibration pickup can be effectively reduced, reduces micro-seismic monitoring
Cost；
(2) seismic phase apparent velocity is solved according to the maximum value of superposition amplitude using velocity scanning method, adapts to earth's surface microseism
The high background noise environment of monitoring has preferable stability；
(3) the outgoing vector that seismic ray is solved using the ratio of apparent velocity and speed, is avoided from multichannel earthquake number
According to error caused by seismic phase amplitude is picked up, improve work efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the flow diagram of speed scanning method in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is normal-moveout spectrum schematic diagram in the present invention；
Wherein, (a) indicates No. 1 arrangement, (b) indicates No. 2 arrangements.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to attached drawing, technical solution of the present invention and beneficial effect are described in detail.
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of method for extracting seismic ray vector, it is suitable for the arrangement of simple component vibration pickup
It is emitted vector extraction for the seismic ray of the earth's surface micro-seismic monitoring Data processing of observation instrument, this method only needs vertical
The arrangement of simple component vibration pickup, does not depend on the multi -components detection data of multi -components vibration pickup acquisition, reduces the monitoring of earth's surface microseism
Cost；The apparent velocity that No. 1 arrangement and No. 2 arrangements are calculated using the method that velocity scanning obtains superposition amplitude spectrum, adapts to earth's surface
More micro-seismic monitorings effectively reduce the interference of noise and low signal-to-noise ratio to earthquake ray vector in microseism data；It is not required to
The amplitude of seismic phase in multi -components microseism data is manually picked up, the computational efficiency of seismic ray vector is significantly improved.
It should be noted that " No. 1 arrangement " herein, " No. 2 arrangements " are used for description purposes only, and should not be understood as dark
Show relative importance.
Fig. 1 to Fig. 3 is a kind of schematic diagram of embodiment of the method one for extracting seismic ray vector provided by the invention, is shown
A kind of method for extracting seismic ray vector, content is: utilizing the earthquake of two orthogonal vibration pickups arrangement acquisitions
Data calculate seismic phase apparent velocity according to velocity scanning method, the angle of seismic phase apparent velocity and arrangement are analyzed, according to speed
With the ratio of apparent velocity, the outgoing vector of seismic ray is solved.Wherein, described two orthogonal vibration pickups arrangements refer to by
What two vibration pickups rearranged projects mutually perpendicular vibration pickup arrangement mode in horizontal plane.Described two mutually perpendicular to pick up
The number of vibration device arrangement is No. 1 arrangement, No. 2 arrangements, and the vibration pickup at intersection location is contact vibration pickup.It is described to be swept using speed
The method of retouching takes seismic phase apparent velocity to refer to that obtaining No. 1 using velocity scanning method arranges upper seismic phase apparent velocity, No. 2 arrangement Shangdis
Shake seismic phase apparent velocity.The analysis seismic phase apparent velocity and the angle of arrangement, which refer to, seeks earthquake using the method for Vector modulation
The apparent velocity of seismic phase, and calculate apparent velocity and No. 1 arrangement, No. 2 angles arranged.The outgoing vector of the seismic ray refers to benefit
The ray vector characterized with space three-component.
As a preference of the present invention, the vibration pickup refers to the sensing that can be used for recording surface displacement, speed, acceleration amount
Device, for example, simple component wave detector, double component wave detectors, three-component geophone, relative gravity instrument, absolute gravimeter, dipmeter and
Water pipe instrument.The seismic data refer to analog signal or digital signal acquisition surface displacement record, earth's surface speed record,
The data of table accelerogram, vibration pickup acquisition are known as seismic channel.The seismic phase refers to longitudinal wave, shear wave, longitudinal and shear wave conversion
Seismic phase.
As a preference of the present invention, described obtain the upper seismic phase apparent velocity of No. 1 arrangement, No. 2 rows using velocity scanning method
Seismic phase apparent velocity refers on column, using get in touch with vibration pickup acquisition seismic data as benchmark seismic channel, according in same arrangement
Spacing, the scanning speed of vibration pickup and contact vibration pickup calculate Δ t when seismic phase postpones using formula (1)i:
In formula (1), diRefer to i-th of vibration pickup at a distance from contact vibration pickup, v refers to scanning speed.
When according to delay, can be calculated using formula (2) from extraction time in the seismic channel that vibration pickup acquires is got in touch with is t0Vibration
Amplitude and scanning speed is taken as v0When superposition amplitude:
In formula (2),Refer to the superposition value of the amplitude extracted from the seismic waveform data of vibration pickup arrangement acquisition,
Comprising being t from extraction time in the seismic channel that vibration pickup acquires is got in touch with0Amplitude, and from other vibration pickups acquire earthquake
Extraction time is in roadAmplitude；When being the delay of amplitude extraction, diIt is i-th of vibration pickup and contact vibration pickup
Distance, v0It is selected scanning speed, SiRefer to the earthquake record of i-th of vibration pickup acquisition,Refer to i-th ten
The time is in the earthquake record of vibration device acquisitionAmplitude, i indicate vibration pickup number, N indicate vibration pickup sum.
Superposition amplitude spectrum is constructed using formula (3):
In formula 3, Av,tRefer to superposition amplitude at any time and the function of scan speed change,It indicates in seismic channel
Corresponding time when amplitude is extracted, M indicates the total length of time of contact seismic channel data, vkScanning speed is indicated, by one group of company
The continuous velocity amplitude v increased1,v2,v3,...,vRIt constitutes, v1Indicate the smallest scanning speed, R indicates velocity amplitude sum, works as k=R
When, vkIndicate maximum scanning speed.
At the time of the selection maximum superposition amplitude of amplitude spectrum corresponds to then as seismic phase, peak swing value is corresponding to sweep
Retouching speed is apparent velocity of the seismic phase in vibration pickup arrangement.
Further, the apparent velocity that the method using Vector modulation seeks seismic phase refers to, is obtained according to No. 1 arrangement
Apparent velocity and No. 2 arrangement obtain apparent velocities, seek seismic phase apparent velocity using formula (4):
In formula (4), V' refers to seismic phase apparent velocity, V1Refer to the apparent velocity that No. 1 arrangement obtains, V2Refer to that No. 2 arrangements obtain
The apparent velocity taken.
Further, the ratio according to speed and apparent velocity, the outgoing vector for solving seismic ray refers to, utilizes formula
(5) seismic ray vector is solved:
In formula (5), P refers to the vector of seismic ray, V1Refer to the apparent velocity that No. 1 arrangement obtains, V2Refer to that No. 2 arrangements obtain
The apparent velocity taken, V refer to the seismic phase speed of near surface medium.
The above examples only illustrate the technical idea of the present invention, and this does not limit the scope of protection of the present invention, all
According to the technical idea provided by the invention, any changes made on the basis of the technical scheme each falls within the scope of the present invention
Within.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method for extracting seismic ray vector, it is characterised in that include the following steps:
Step 1, two orthogonal vibration pickup arrangement acquisition seismic datas are utilized；Two orthogonal vibration pickup rows
Column, which refer to, projects mutually perpendicular vibration pickup arrangement mode in horizontal plane by what two vibration pickups rearranged, this two hang down mutually
The number of straight vibration pickup arrangement is respectively No. 1 arrangement, No. 2 arrangements, and the vibration pickup at intersection location is contact vibration pickup；
Step 2, No. 1 is obtained using velocity scanning method arrange upper seismic phase apparent velocity, the upper seismic phase apparent velocity of No. 2 arrangements；
Step 3, apparent velocity azimuth is solved using seismic phase apparent velocity；
Step 4, the ratio of calculating speed and apparent velocity；
Step 5, the outgoing vector of seismic ray is solved.
2. a kind of method for extracting seismic ray vector as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the step 1, pick-up
Device uses simple component wave detector, double component wave detectors, three-component geophone, relative gravity instrument, absolute gravimeter, dipmeter or water
Guan Yi.
3. a kind of method for extracting seismic ray vector as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step 2 it is specific
Content is: using the seismic data for getting in touch with vibration pickup acquisition as benchmark seismic channel, according to vibration pickup in same arrangement and getting in touch with pick-up
Spacing, the scanning speed of device, when calculating seismic phase delay using following formula:
Wherein, diRefer to i-th of vibration pickup at a distance from contact vibration pickup, v refers to scanning speed；
When according to delay, being calculated using following formula from extraction time in the seismic channel that vibration pickup acquires is got in touch with is t0Amplitude and sweep
It retouches speed and is taken as v0When superposition amplitude:
Wherein,The superposition value for referring to the amplitude extracted from the seismic waveform data of vibration pickup arrangement acquisition includes from contact
Extraction time is t in the seismic channel of vibration pickup acquisition0Amplitude, and from other vibration pickups acquire seismic channel in extract when
Between beAmplitude；When being the delay of amplitude extraction, SiRefer to the earthquake record of i-th of vibration pickup acquisition,Refer to that the time is in the earthquake record of i-th of vibration pickup acquisitionAmplitude, i indicate vibration pickup number, N
Indicate vibration pickup sum；
Superposition amplitude spectrum is constructed using following formula:
Wherein, Av,tIndicate superposition amplitude at any time and the function of scan speed change,It indicates to extract vibration in seismic channel
Corresponding time when width, M indicate the total length of time of contact seismic channel data, vkIt indicates scanning speed, is continuously enlarged by one group
Velocity amplitude v1,v2,v3,...,vRIt constitutes, v1Indicate the smallest scanning speed, R indicates velocity amplitude sum, as k=R, vkTable
Show maximum scanning speed；
At the time of maximum superposition amplitude corresponds in selection amplitude spectrum then as seismic phase, the corresponding scanning of peak swing value
Speed is apparent velocity of the seismic phase in vibration pickup arrangement.
4. a kind of method for extracting seismic ray vector as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step 3 it is specific
Content is: seeking the apparent velocity of seismic phase using the method for Vector modulation, and calculates what apparent velocity was arranged with No. 1 arrangement, No. 2
Angle.
5. a kind of method for extracting seismic ray vector as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that: described to utilize Vector modulation
The particular content of the method apparent velocity of seeking seismic phase be: the apparent velocity obtained according to No. 1 arrangement and No. 2 arrangements obtain
Apparent velocity seeks seismic phase apparent velocity using following formula:
Wherein, V' refers to seismic phase apparent velocity, V1Refer to the apparent velocity that No. 1 arrangement obtains, V2Refer to the apparent velocity that No. 2 arrangements obtain.
6. a kind of method for extracting seismic ray vector as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the step 5, solve
The formula of the outgoing vector of seismic ray is:
Wherein, P refers to the outgoing vector of seismic ray, V1Refer to the apparent velocity that No. 1 arrangement obtains, V2Refer to the view speed that No. 2 arrangements obtain
Degree, V refer to the seismic phase speed of near surface medium.
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