CN109375261B - Sensor layout method and system for observation station for surface microseism monitoring - Google Patents
Sensor layout method and system for observation station for surface microseism monitoring Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
- G01V1/20—Arrangements of receiving elements, e.g. geophone pattern
- G01V1/201—Constructional details of seismic cables, e.g. streamers
- G01V1/202—Connectors, e.g. for force, signal or power
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/307—Analysis for determining seismic attributes, e.g. amplitude, instantaneous phase or frequency, reflection strength or polarity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
- G01V1/362—Effecting static or dynamic corrections; Stacking
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of seismic exploration equipment, and discloses a sensor layout method and a sensor system for an observation station for monitoring surface microseism, wherein a single observation station is established and comprises two sensor arrangements which are intersected, namely a sensor arrangement No. 1 and a sensor arrangement No. 2. The invention adopts a plurality of sensors to be sequentially arranged along a straight line to form 1 sensor arrangement, and can utilize the displacement, speed and acceleration data of single component, double component and three component recorded by the plurality of sensors, and the effective signal is highlighted and the signal to noise ratio is improved by superposing and matching the attributes such as waveform amplitude, seismic wave energy, time-frequency characteristics and the like; under the condition of only using a single-component sensor, the emergent direction of the earthquake phase in the microseism monitoring record can still be extracted, and compared with a method for extracting the emergent direction of the earthquake phase by using a single three-component detection station, the method has the characteristics of no need of picking up the amplitude of the earthquake phase, high extraction precision and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of seismic exploration equipment, and particularly relates to a sensor layout method and a sensor system for an observation station for monitoring surface microseism.
Background
Currently, the current state of the art commonly used in the industry is as follows: microseism monitoring refers to monitoring small scale earthquakes due to human activities such as mining, hydraulic fracturing, urban underground space construction, geothermal exploitation, or underground gas storage. The development of microseism monitoring technology can improve the monitoring and forecasting capability of urban underground space and geological disaster disasters, and reduce the loss of life and property. Microseism monitoring technology is also used in the petroleum industry, mainly for reservoir drive monitoring and reservoir fracturing monitoring. The subsurface rock mass breaks and releases energy in the form of seismic waves, which can be recorded by surface or borehole microseismic monitoring equipment. The micro-seismic magnitude is small, and the generated seismic wave energy is weak and is interfered by the absorption attenuation effect of the earth medium and background noise in the propagation path. The surface microseism monitoring record has the characteristic of low signal to noise ratio, is difficult to identify the P wave earthquake phase and extract the first arrival P wave ray vector, and reduces the microseism positioning accuracy. In the microseism monitoring data processing stage, the existing processing method can improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the microseism by a filtering method, but the noise is difficult to effectively remove when the effective signal and the noise signal spectrum overlap. In order to obtain the emergent vector of the seismic wave earthquake phase, the existing microseism monitoring equipment adopts a three-component microseism monitoring instrument, and solves the emergent vector of the earthquake phase by identifying the amplitude value of the same earthquake phase in the three-component microseism record.
In summary, the problems of the prior art are:
the effective signal of the microseism event is weak, the prior observation technology is interfered by complex multi-source background noise, and the signal to noise ratio of the acquired microseism monitoring data is low. When the frequency band range of the complex multi-source background noise is overlapped with the frequency band range of the effective signal, the complex multi-source background noise is difficult to effectively suppress by utilizing the frequency domain filtering denoising method. Complex multi-source background noise severely affects microseism event detection, microseism source positioning, and source mechanism inversion efficiency and accuracy. When complex multi-source background noise has amplitude mutation type and frequency mutation type characteristics, the microseism event detection method is invalid, and microseism event false detection and over-picking are caused. Complicated multi-source background noise interferes with the identification and extraction of earthquake phases, so that the result errors of the arrival time of the earthquake phases and the emergent vector of the earthquake phases are increased, and the positioning precision of the microseism focus is affected. The complex multi-source background noise causes waveform distortion of effective signals, and the inversion algorithm of the source mechanism based on the first-arrival longitudinal wave polarization direction and the waveform matching method is invalid.
Difficulty and meaning for solving the above problems: the suppression of complex multi-source background noise is beneficial to improving the signal-to-noise ratio of microseism data, and has important significance for improving the detection efficiency and precision of microseism events and realizing the accurate positioning of a microseism focus and inversion of a microseism focus mechanism. In the aspect of microseism event detection, the signal-to-noise ratio of the microseism record is improved to highlight the earthquake phase, and the time domain and frequency domain detection method is favorable for accurately identifying the microseism event and extracting the arrival time and the amplitude of the earthquake phase. In the aspect of microseism focus positioning, the effective signal to noise ratio is high, and the method is favorable for implementing accurate positioning of the microseism focus by an amplitude superposition method and a travel time inversion method. In the inversion aspect of the micro-seismic source mechanism, the effective signal-to-noise ratio is high, and the micro-seismic source mechanism is solved by adopting a first-arrival longitudinal wave polarization, a longitudinal wave amplitude ratio and a waveform matching type source mechanism inversion algorithm.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides a sensor layout method of an observation station for monitoring the earth surface microseism.
The invention is realized in such a way that a sensor layout method of an observation station for monitoring the earth's surface microseism is to establish a single observation station, wherein the single observation station comprises two sensor arrangements which are intersected, namely a sensor arrangement No. 1 and a sensor arrangement No. 2, and the sensor arrangement comprises a plurality of sensors which are sequentially arranged along a straight line;
further, the sensor arrangement No. 1 and the sensor arrangement No. 2 numbering rules are: if the unit vector of the straight line where the selected arrangement is located and the unit vector in the northbound direction satisfy the following conditions:<r 1 ,r N >and less than or equal to 1, the sensor array is a sensor array 1, the other sensor array is a sensor array 2, and r is as follows 1 A unit vector representing a straight line in which the selected sensor arrangement is located, the north component of the unit vector being positive, r N Unit vector representing north direction, "<>"represents a dot product operator;
further, two intersecting sensor arrangements means that the straight lines where the two sensor arrangements are located intersect;
further, the sensor at the position where the two sensors are arranged and overlapped is a communication sensor;
further, the sensor comprises a single-component sensor, a two-component orthogonal sensor, a three-component orthogonal sensor and a multi-axis sensor;
further, a single-component sensor is a sensor that includes 1 horizontal component or 1 vertical component; the two-component orthogonal sensor is a sensor comprising 2 horizontal orthogonal components or 1 horizontal component and 1 vertical component; the three-component orthogonal sensor is a sensor comprising 2 horizontal orthogonal components and 1 vertical component; multiaxial sensor, i.e. a sensor consisting of
Unit observation vector r recorded for each axis in multi-axis sensor i Projected to two orthogonal horizontal components r E 、r N 1 vertical component r Z Is a sensor of (2); in the above, r 1 ,r 2 Is the value of two orthogonal horizontal components, r 3 For the value of the vertical component, M is the number of sensor axes in the multi-axis sensor, Σ represents the summation operation, and the orthogonal horizontal component r E Is the displacement component, the orthogonal horizontal component r N Is the velocity component, the vertical component r Z Is an acceleration component;
further, sensor position P i The distance from the straight line l where the sensor is located is as follows:in the method, in the process of the invention, "||||" denotes a distance operator, for calculating the distance between the point and the straight line and the distance between the points, n represents the number of sensors and Δd represents the average spacing of the sensors, which can be expressed as: />
Further, the intersection of the straight line where the sensor arrangement No. 1 is located and the straight line where the sensor arrangement No. 2 is located includes 4 cases:
(1) The position of the sensor arrangement end point No. 1 is overlapped with the position of the sensor arrangement end point No. 2, and the sensor at the overlapped position is a contact sensor;
(2) The positions of the 1 sensors in the sensor array 1 are overlapped with the positions of the 1 sensors in the sensor array 2, and the sensors at the overlapped positions are contact sensors;
(3) The position of the sensor of the end point of the sensor arrangement 1 coincides with the position of the 1 sensors in the sensor arrangement 2, and the sensor at the coinciding position is a contact sensor;
(4) The position of the 1 sensor in the sensor array 1 coincides with the position of the sensor at the end point of the sensor array 2, and the sensor at the coinciding position is a contact sensor;
further, the cosine value of the included angle between the two sensor arrays is cosθ expressed as cosθ=<r 1 ,r 2 >Wherein, r is 1 Refers to a unit vector of a straight line where the sensor number 1 is arranged, r 2 Refers to a unit vector of a straight line where the No. 2 sensor is arranged, r 1 ，r 2 The north component of the vector is positive.
In summary, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
the invention adopts a plurality of sensor units to form sensor arrangement, can simultaneously acquire a plurality of groups of observation data, and can acquire seismic data superposition energy groups and extract the arrival time and the apparent velocity of a first arrival seismic phase by using an amplitude superposition scanning method. A single observation station is established by using two intersected sensor arrays, and the emergent direction of the seismic wave first-arrival ray can be directly calculated by using a vector analysis method according to the arrival time and the apparent speed of the first-arrival seismic phase acquired in the two sensor arrays. The position of the contact sensor is selected as the emergent position of the first-arrival rays of the earthquake, and the propagation path of the first-arrival rays of the earthquake waves can be calculated by combining a reverse time ray tracing algorithm. The displacement, speed and acceleration data of single component, double component and three component recorded by the multi-class sensor are adopted to extract waveform amplitude, seismic wave energy and time-frequency characteristic mutation to extract the arrival time and the emergent direction of the first arrival wave. And determining the north direction, and directly solving the azimuth angle of the first-arrival wave ray vector of the earthquake by utilizing a dot product algorithm. The method can calculate the emergent vector of the seismic rays by using the amplitude scanning superposition method on the premise that the seismic data acquired by the method does not need to pick up the amplitude of the seismic phases, and can still extract the arrival and emergent directions of the seismic rays in the microseism monitoring record under the condition that the method is only suitable for a single-component sensor, so that the microseism monitoring cost is reduced compared with the method for monitoring by using a three-component seismometer.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sensor layout method of an observation station for surface microseismic monitoring according to an embodiment of the present invention,
in the figure: 1. sensor arrangement No. 1; 2. sensor arrangement No. 2; 3. a communication sensor; 4. a sensor;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a sensor layout scheme for an observation station for surface microseismic monitoring according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a sensor layout scheme for an observation station for surface microseismic monitoring according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a sensor layout scheme embodiment III of an observation station for surface microseismic monitoring according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a sensor layout scheme of an observation station for surface microseismic monitoring according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a sensor layout scheme embodiment five of an observation station for surface microseismic monitoring according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a sensor layout scheme embodiment six of an observation station for surface microseismic monitoring according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides a sensor layout method of an observation station for monitoring the earth surface microseism, which is realized by establishing a single observation station, wherein the single observation station comprises two sensor arrays which are intersected, namely a sensor array 1 and a sensor array 2, and the sensor array comprises a plurality of sensors 4 which are sequentially arranged along a straight line, as shown in figure 1;
further, the numbering rules for sensor arrangement No. 1 and sensor arrangement No. 2 are: if the unit vector of the straight line where the selected arrangement is located and the unit vector in the northbound direction satisfy the following conditions:<r 1 ,r N >and less than or equal to 1, the sensor is arranged as a sensor arrangement 1 No. 1, and the other sensor is arranged as a sensor arrangement 2 No. 2, wherein r is as follows 1 A unit vector representing a straight line in which the selected sensor arrangement is located, the north component of the unit vector being positive, r N Unit vector representing north direction, "<>"represents a dot product operator;
further, two intersecting sensor arrangements means that the straight lines where the two sensor arrangements are located intersect;
further, the sensor at the position where the two sensors are arranged and overlapped is a communication sensor 3;
further, the sensor 4 includes a single-component sensor, a two-component orthogonal sensor, a three-component orthogonal sensor, a multi-axis sensor;
further, a single-component sensor is a sensor that includes 1 horizontal component or 1 vertical component; the two-component orthogonal sensor is a sensor comprising 2 horizontal orthogonal components or 1 horizontal component and 1 vertical component; the three-component orthogonal sensor is a sensor comprising 2 horizontal orthogonal components and 1 vertical component; multiaxial sensor, i.e. a sensor consisting of
Unit observation vector r recorded for each axis in multi-axis sensor i Projected to two orthogonal horizontal components r E 、r N 1 vertical component r Z Is a sensor of (2); in the above, r 1 ,r 2 Is the value of two orthogonal horizontal components, r 3 For the value of the vertical component, M is the number of sensor axes in the multi-axis sensor, Σ represents the summation operation, and the orthogonal horizontal component r E Is the displacement component, the orthogonal horizontal component r N Is the velocity component, the vertical component r Z Is an acceleration component;
further, sensor 4 position P i The distance from the straight line l where the sensor is located is as follows:in the method, in the process of the invention, "||||" denotes a distance operator, for calculating the distance between the point and the straight line and the distance between the points, n represents the number of sensors and Δd represents the average spacing of the sensors, which can be expressed as: />
Further, the intersection of the straight line where the sensor array No. 1 is located and the straight line where the sensor array No. 2 is located includes 4 cases:
(1) The position of the end point sensor 4 of the sensor arrangement 1 is overlapped with the position of the end point sensor 4 of the sensor arrangement 2, and the sensor at the overlapped position is a contact sensor 3;
(2) The position of the 1 sensor 4 in the 1 sensor array 1 is overlapped with the position of the 1 sensor 4 in the 2 sensor array 2, and the sensor at the overlapped position is a contact sensor 3;
(3) The position of the end point sensor 4 of the sensor array 1 is overlapped with the position of the 1 sensor 4 in the sensor array 2, and the sensor at the overlapped position is a contact sensor 3;
(4) The position of the 1 sensor 4 in the sensor array 1 is overlapped with the position of the end point sensor 4 of the sensor array 2, and the sensor at the overlapped position is a contact sensor 3;
further, the cosine value of the included angle between the two sensor arrays is cosθ expressed as cosθ=<r 1 ,r 2 >Wherein, r is 1 Refers to a unit vector of a straight line where the sensor array 1 is located, r 2 Refers to a unit vector of a straight line where the sensor array 2 is arranged 2, r 1 ，r 2 The north component of the vector is positive.
The following detailed description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
First embodiment:
as shown in fig. 2, a vertical layout 100 of sensor array No. 1 110 and sensor array No. 2 120 at a liaison sensor 131 is shown. The arrangement 100 of sensor array number 1 110 and sensor array number 2 120 forms an observation station for microseismic monitoring. The line of the sensor array No. 1 110 is 111, the sensors 112 are sequentially arranged with the sensor pitch 113 as a distance, and the length 114 is the horizontal projection length of the distance of the sensors 112 on the line 111. The line of sensor array No. 2 120 is 121, and the sensors 122 are sequentially arranged with the sensor pitch 123 as a distance, and the length 124 is the linear distance of the sensors 122 on the line 121. The sensor pitch 113 of the sensor array No. 1 is selected according to the sensor sampling rate and the observation accuracy, and in general, the smaller the sensor pitch 113, the higher the observation accuracy. The number of the sensors arranged in the sensor 1 is selected according to the geological survey task requirements, the surface topography conditions and the like. The array length 114 of sensor array number 1 is selected based on microseismic monitoring tasks and surface conditions. The sensor pitch 123 of the sensor array No. 2 is selected according to the sensor sampling rate and the observation accuracy, and in general, the smaller the sensor pitch 123, the higher the observation accuracy. The number of the sensors arranged in the sensor number 2 is selected according to the geological survey task requirements, the surface topography conditions and the like. The array length 124 of sensor array number 2 is selected based on microseismic monitoring tasks and surface conditions. The array of the No. 1 sensor and the array of the No. 2 sensor are placed on the ground surface in directions which do not influence the microseism monitoring effect.
Advantages of the sensor arrangement according to the vertical layout 100 include: the amplitude and energy superposition method can effectively suppress random noise to improve the signal to noise ratio, effectively and accurately identify microseism phases, and the earthquake phase outgoing vector can be effectively extracted by using the earthquake phase travel time of the sensor arrangement No. 1, the earthquake phase travel time of the sensor arrangement No. 2 and the earth surface earthquake wave velocity. The observed data of the link sensor 131 may be used as a standard trace in correcting microseismic monitoring data for sensor array No. 1 and sensor array No. 2.
Specific embodiment II:
as shown in fig. 3, a non-vertical layout 200 of sensor arrangement No. 1 210 and sensor arrangement No. 2 220 at a link sensor 231 is shown. The arrangement 200 of sensor array number 1 210 and sensor array number 2 220 forms an observation station for microseismic monitoring. The line where the sensor array No. 1 210 is located is 211, the sensors 212 are sequentially arranged with the sensor pitch 213 as a distance, and the length 214 is a horizontal projection length of the distance of the sensor 212 on the line 211. The line where the sensor array No. 2 220 is located is 221, the sensors 222 are sequentially arranged with the sensor pitch 223 as a distance, and the length 224 is the linear distance of the sensors 222 on the line 221. The sensor pitch 213 of the sensor array No. 1 is selected according to the sensor sampling rate and the observation accuracy, and in general, the smaller the sensor pitch 213 is, the higher the observation accuracy is. The number of the sensors arranged in the sensor 1 is selected according to the geological survey task requirements, the surface topography conditions and the like. The array length 214 of sensor array number 1 is selected based on microseismic monitoring tasks and surface conditions. The sensor pitch 223 of the sensor array No. 2 is selected according to the sensor sampling rate and the observation accuracy, and in general, the smaller the sensor pitch 223, the higher the observation accuracy. The number of the sensors arranged in the sensor number 2 is selected according to the geological survey task requirements, the surface topography conditions and the like. The array length 224 of sensor array number 2 is selected based on microseismic monitoring tasks and surface conditions. The array of the No. 1 sensor and the array of the No. 2 sensor are placed on the ground surface in directions which do not influence the microseism monitoring effect.
Advantages of the sensor arrangement according to the non-vertical layout 200 include: the amplitude and energy superposition method can effectively suppress random noise to improve the signal to noise ratio, effectively and accurately identify microseism phases, and the earthquake phase outgoing vector can be effectively extracted by using the earthquake phase travel time of the sensor arrangement No. 1, the earthquake phase travel time of the sensor arrangement No. 2 and the earth surface earthquake wave velocity. The observed data of the link sensor 231 may be used as a standard trace in correcting microseismic monitoring data for sensor array 1 and sensor array 2.
Third embodiment:
as shown in fig. 4, a vertical layout 300 of sensor arrangement No. 1 310 and sensor arrangement No. 2 320 at a connection sensor 331 is shown. The arrangement 300 of sensor array number 1 310 and sensor array number 2 320 forms an observation station for microseismic monitoring. The straight line where the sensor array No. 1 310 is located is 311, the sensors 312 are sequentially arranged with the sensor interval 313 as a distance, and the length 314 is the horizontal projection length of the distance of the sensors 312 on the straight line 311. The line where the sensor array 320 No. 2 is located is 321, the sensors 322 are sequentially arranged with the sensor pitch 323 as a distance, and the length 324 is the linear distance of the sensors 322 on the line 321. The sensor pitch 313 of the sensor array No. 1 is selected according to the sensor sampling rate and the observation accuracy, and in general, the smaller the sensor pitch 313 is, the higher the observation accuracy is. The number of the sensors arranged in the sensor 1 is selected according to the geological survey task requirements, the surface topography conditions and the like. The array length 314 of sensor array number 1 is selected based on microseismic monitoring tasks and surface conditions. The sensor pitch 323 of the sensor array No. 2 is selected according to the sensor sampling rate and the observation accuracy, and in general, the smaller the sensor pitch 323 is, the higher the observation accuracy is. The number of the sensors arranged in the sensor number 2 is selected according to the geological survey task requirements, the surface topography conditions and the like. The array length 324 of sensor array No. 2 is selected based on microseismic monitoring tasks and surface conditions. The array of the No. 1 sensor and the array of the No. 2 sensor are placed on the ground surface in directions which do not influence the microseism monitoring effect.
Advantages of the sensor arrangement according to the vertical layout 300 include: the amplitude and energy superposition method can effectively suppress random noise to improve the signal to noise ratio, effectively and accurately identify microseism phases, and the earthquake phase outgoing vector can be effectively extracted by using the earthquake phase travel time of the sensor arrangement No. 1, the earthquake phase travel time of the sensor arrangement No. 2 and the earth surface earthquake wave velocity. The observed data of the link sensor 331 may be used as a standard trace for correcting microseismic monitoring data of sensor array No. 1 and sensor array No. 2.
Fourth embodiment:
as shown in fig. 5, a non-vertical layout 400 of sensor arrangement No. 1 410 and sensor arrangement No. 2 420 at a connection sensor 431 is shown. The arrangement 400 of sensor array number 1 410 and sensor array number 2 420 forms an observation station for microseismic monitoring. The straight line where the sensor array No. 1 410 is located is 411, the sensors 412 are sequentially arranged with the sensor pitch 413 as a distance, and the length 414 is a horizontal projection length of the distance of the sensors 412 on the straight line 411. The line where the sensor array No. 2 420 is located is 421, the sensors 422 are sequentially arranged with the sensor pitch 423 as a distance, and the length 424 is the linear distance of the sensors 422 on the line 421. The sensor pitch 413 of the sensor array No. 1 is selected according to the sensor sampling rate and the observation accuracy, and in general, the smaller the sensor pitch 413, the higher the observation accuracy. The number of the sensors arranged in the sensor 1 is selected according to the geological survey task requirements, the surface topography conditions and the like. The array length 414 of sensor array number 1 is selected based on microseismic monitoring tasks and surface conditions. The sensor pitch 423 of the sensor array No. 2 is selected according to the sensor sampling rate and the observation accuracy, and in general, the smaller the sensor pitch 423 is, the higher the observation accuracy is. The number of the sensors arranged in the sensor number 2 is selected according to the geological survey task requirements, the surface topography conditions and the like. The array length 424 of sensor array number 2 is selected based on microseismic monitoring tasks and surface conditions. The array of the No. 1 sensor and the array of the No. 2 sensor are placed on the ground surface in directions which do not influence the microseism monitoring effect.
Advantages of the sensor arrangement according to the non-vertical layout 400 include: the amplitude and energy superposition method can effectively suppress random noise to improve the signal to noise ratio, effectively and accurately identify microseism phases, and the earthquake phase outgoing vector can be effectively extracted by using the earthquake phase travel time of the sensor arrangement No. 1, the earthquake phase travel time of the sensor arrangement No. 2 and the earth surface earthquake wave velocity. The observed data of the link sensor 431 may be used as a standard trace in correcting microseismic monitoring data for sensor array 1 and sensor array 2.
Fifth embodiment:
as shown in fig. 6, a vertical layout 500 of sensor array No. 1 510 and sensor array No. 2 520 at the liaison sensor 531 is shown. The arrangement 500 of sensor array No. 1 510 and sensor array No. 2 520 forms an observation station for microseismic monitoring. The straight line where the sensor array No. 1 510 is located is 511, the sensors 512 are sequentially arranged with the sensor pitch 513 as a distance, and the length 514 is the horizontal projection length of the distance of the sensor 512 on the straight line 511. The line where the sensor array No. 2 520 is located is 521, the sensors 522 are sequentially arranged with the sensor pitch 523 as a distance, and the length 524 is the linear distance of the sensors 522 on the line 521. The sensor pitch 513 of the sensor array No. 1 is selected according to the sensor sampling rate and the observation accuracy, and in general, the smaller the sensor pitch 513 is, the higher the observation accuracy is. The number of the sensors arranged in the sensor 1 is selected according to the geological survey task requirements, the surface topography conditions and the like. The array length 514 of sensor array number 1 is selected based on microseismic monitoring tasks and surface conditions. The sensor pitch 523 of the sensor array No. 2 is selected according to the sensor sampling rate and the observation accuracy, and in general, the smaller the sensor pitch 523, the higher the observation accuracy. The number of the sensors arranged in the sensor number 2 is selected according to the geological survey task requirements, the surface topography conditions and the like. The array length 524 of sensor array number 2 is selected based on microseismic monitoring tasks and surface conditions. The array of the No. 1 sensor and the array of the No. 2 sensor are placed on the ground surface in directions which do not influence the microseism monitoring effect.
Advantages of the sensor arrangement according to the vertical layout 500 include: the amplitude and energy superposition method can effectively suppress random noise to improve the signal to noise ratio, effectively and accurately identify microseism phases, and the earthquake phase outgoing vector can be effectively extracted by using the earthquake phase travel time of the sensor arrangement No. 1, the earthquake phase travel time of the sensor arrangement No. 2 and the earth surface earthquake wave velocity. The observed data of the link sensor 531 may be used as a standard trace in correcting microseismic monitoring data for sensor array No. 1 and sensor array No. 2.
Specific embodiment six:
as shown in fig. 7, a non-vertical layout 600 of sensor arrangement No. 1 610 and sensor arrangement No. 2 620 at a connection sensor 631 is shown. The arrangement 600 of sensor array number 1 610 and sensor array number 2 620 forms an observation station for microseismic monitoring. The line where the sensor array No. 1 610 is located is 611, the sensors 612 are sequentially arranged with the sensor pitch 613 as a distance, and the length 614 is a horizontal projection length of the distance of the sensors 612 on the line 611. The line along which the sensor array No. 2 620 is located is 621, the sensors 622 are sequentially arranged with the sensor pitch 623 as a distance, and the length 624 is the linear distance of the sensors 622 on the line 621. The sensor pitch 613 of the sensor array No. 1 is selected according to the sensor sampling rate and the observation accuracy, and in general, the smaller the sensor pitch 613, the higher the observation accuracy. The number of the sensors arranged in the sensor 1 is selected according to the geological survey task requirements, the surface topography conditions and the like. The array length 614 of sensor array number 1 is selected based on microseismic monitoring tasks and surface conditions. The sensor pitch 623 of sensor array No. 2 is selected based on the sensor sampling rate and the observation accuracy, and in general, the smaller the sensor pitch 623, the higher the observation accuracy. The number of the sensors arranged in the sensor number 2 is selected according to the geological survey task requirements, the surface topography conditions and the like. The array length 624 of sensor array number 2 is selected based on microseismic monitoring tasks and surface conditions. The array of the No. 1 sensor and the array of the No. 2 sensor are placed on the ground surface in directions which do not influence the microseism monitoring effect.
Advantages of the sensor arrangement according to the non-vertical arrangement 600 include: the amplitude and energy superposition method can effectively suppress random noise to improve the signal to noise ratio, effectively and accurately identify microseism phases, and the earthquake phase outgoing vector can be effectively extracted by using the earthquake phase travel time of the sensor arrangement No. 1, the earthquake phase travel time of the sensor arrangement No. 2 and the earth surface earthquake wave velocity. The observed data of the link sensor 631 can be used as a standard trace when correcting microseismic monitoring data of sensor array No. 1 and sensor array No. 2.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. The sensor layout method of the observation station for the earth surface microseism monitoring is characterized by establishing a single observation station, wherein the single observation station comprises two sensor arrays which are intersected, namely a sensor array No. 1 and a sensor array No. 2, and the sensor array comprises a plurality of sensors which are sequentially arranged along a straight line;
the number rules of the sensor arrangement No. 1 and the sensor arrangement No. 2 are as follows: if the unit vector of the straight line where the selected arrangement is located and the unit vector in the northbound direction satisfy the following conditions:<r 1 ,r N >and less than or equal to 1, the sensor array is a sensor array 1, the other sensor array is a sensor array 2, and r is as follows 1 A unit vector representing a straight line in which the selected sensor arrangement is located, the north component of the unit vector being positive, r N Unit vector representing north direction, "<>"represents a dot product operator;
the two intersected sensor arrangements are intersected by a straight line where the two sensor arrangements are located;
the sensor at the position where the two sensor arrays are intersected and overlapped is a communication sensor;
the sensor comprises a single-component sensor, a two-component orthogonal sensor, a three-component orthogonal sensor and a multi-axis sensor;
the single-component sensor is a sensor comprising 1 horizontal component or 1 vertical component; the two-component orthogonal sensor is a sensor comprising 2 horizontal orthogonal components or 1 horizontal component and 1 vertical component; the three-component orthogonal sensor is a sensor comprising 2 horizontal orthogonal components and 1 vertical component; multiaxial sensor, i.e. a sensor consisting of
Unit observation vector r recorded for each axis in multi-axis sensor i Projected to two orthogonal horizontal components r E 、r N 1 vertical component r Z Is a sensor of (2); in the above, r 1 ,r 2 Is the value of two orthogonal horizontal components, r 3 For the value of the vertical component, M is the number of sensor axes in the multi-axis sensor, Σ represents the summation operationOrthogonal horizontal component r E Is the displacement component, the orthogonal horizontal component r N Is the velocity component, the vertical component r Z Is an acceleration component;
position P of the sensor i The distance from the straight line l where the sensor is located is as follows:in the method, in the process of the invention, "||||" denotes a distance operator, for calculating the distance between the point and the straight line and the distance between the points, n represents the number of sensors and Δd represents the average spacing of the sensors, which can be expressed as: />
The intersection of the straight line where the No. 1 sensor is arranged and the straight line where the No. 2 sensor is arranged comprises 4 conditions:
(1) The position of the sensor arrangement end point No. 1 is overlapped with the position of the sensor arrangement end point No. 2, and the sensor at the overlapped position is a contact sensor;
(2) The positions of the 1 sensors in the sensor array 1 are overlapped with the positions of the 1 sensors in the sensor array 2, and the sensors at the overlapped positions are contact sensors;
(3) The position of the sensor of the end point of the sensor arrangement 1 coincides with the position of the 1 sensors in the sensor arrangement 2, and the sensor at the coinciding position is a contact sensor;
(4) The position of the 1 sensor in the sensor array 1 coincides with the position of the sensor at the end point of the sensor array 2, and the sensor at the coinciding position is a contact sensor;
the method comprises the steps of obtaining seismic data superposition energy clusters by using an amplitude superposition scanning method, extracting arrival time and apparent velocity of a first-arrival seismic phase, establishing a single observation station by using two intersected sensor arrays, directly calculating the emergent direction of the first-arrival seismic wave rays by using a vector analysis method according to the arrival time and apparent velocity of the first-arrival seismic phase obtained in the two sensor arrays, selecting the positions of the contact sensors as the emergent positions of the first-arrival seismic wave rays, and calculating the propagation path of the first-arrival seismic wave rays by combining a reverse-time ray tracing algorithm.
2. The sensor placement method of observation station for surface microseismic monitoring of claim 1 wherein cosine value of angle between two sensor arrays is cos θ expressed as cos θ =<r 1 ,r 2 >Wherein, r is 1 Refers to a unit vector of a straight line where the sensor number 1 is arranged, r 2 Refers to a unit vector of a straight line where the No. 2 sensor is arranged, r 1 ，r 2 The north component of the vector is positive.
3. A sensor system of an observation station utilizing the sensor placement method of an observation station for surface microseismic monitoring of any one of claims 1-2.
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