CN100487488C - Zero hypocentral distance vertical seismic section compressional-shear wave data depth field corridor stacked section processing method - Google Patents
Zero hypocentral distance vertical seismic section compressional-shear wave data depth field corridor stacked section processing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Geophysical exploration for oil wells, the source from the vertical seismic profile aspect wave data stack depth domain Corridor profile approach is the use of in situ collection of well spacing VSP data, which will all receive points drilling depth of information and hierarchical data with the depth of information, the use of direct wave VSP data travel through and optimization algorithms are highly accurate anti-layer velocity model, the direct wave to the beginning of the reflected wave in the vicinity of the depth and precision homing imaging, further in-depth domain Corridor section and with the superposition of alternative conventional method leveled in the time domain, with corridors and the superposition method, the results can be superimposed for direct comparison with the drilling and seismic data stratified layer identification. More intuitive, but also made full use of VSP data in the depth of information, make geological formation of the earthquake response and drilling, logging data in depth domain direct contrast, a more intuitive geological layer and the relationship between seismic horizon, thereby enabling layer of identification and calibration more reliable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention designs the petroleum geology exploration technology, is a kind of compressional-shear wave data depth field corridor stacked in length and breadth section processing method of zero-offset VSP of vertical seismic profiling (VSP) exploration.
Background technology
At vertical seismic profiling (VSP) (Vertical Seismic Profile, abbreviation VSP) in the exploration engineering, sometimes need to carry out zero well spacing VSP DATA REASONING, detailed process is that wave detector accurately is placed on depth points different in the well, in that (distance that departs from well head by the industry standard requirement and the ratio of the observation station degree of depth are less than 1/20 with a certain distance from well head.Because this value is very little, so be referred to as zero well spacing) utilize focus (explosive, vibroseis, air cannon etc.) on ground or the sea excite, carry out record by synchronizing signal driving well geophone.Common service time of territory zero well spacing VSP data restricted vertical summation is handled during to the data processing of gathering, and its key step is: the first arrival whilst on tour calculates seimic wave velocity in the VSP data by picking up; Obtain the earthquake upward traveling wave by wave field separation; The upward traveling wave data are carried out deconvolution; Utilize root-mean-square velocity that upward traveling wave is evened up; Along first arrival (likeness in form corridor) in a timing window scope data truncation after evening up is kept near the data of first arrival; Data after the excision in the time domain summation that superposes, are obtained stacked section.Above-mentioned disposal route belongs to a kind of industry standardization technology, has comprised the content of this respect in the vertical seismic profile (VSP) data processing technique rules (Q/CNPC-BGP.K1303-2002).This method has been widely used in the horizon calibration of seismic data interpretation, is used for the identification and the demarcation of seismic data interpretation process geologic horizon and seismic horizon, instructs the explanation of seismic data.
Fig. 1 has shown time domain zero well spacing VSP data uplink ripple flattened section, excision line (keeping gray line left area data) and restricted vertical summation section.The longitudinal axis is represented seismic event vertical transmission two-way time among the figure, and the seismic reflection lineups are represented the seismic response of geologic horizon.Fig. 2 has shown time domain zero well spacing VSP data processing method.
This method main problem that occurs in production application is at present:
Geologic horizon information in the drilling well layering data characterizes in Depth Domain, itself also has depth localization information accurately in the zero well spacing VSP data, but the restricted vertical summation section processing of present zero well spacing VSP data is carried out in time domain, the seismic response that is about to observe is converted to time domain by seismic velocity, set up the relativity of surface seismic response (time domain) and drilling well layering data (Depth Domain) in view of the above, realize identification of seismic horizon and geologic horizon and demarcation.This method has been abandoned self possessing accurate depth information and has been easy to advantage with brill, well-log information contrast, causes the seismic response of geologic horizon directly not contrast with brill, the well logging information of Depth Domain, uses not intuitively, and it is poor to contrast determinacy.
Zero well spacing VSP data time domain processing in, usually the processing reference field that needs to make the VSP data by correction is consistent with the surface seismic data processing, because it is quiet than direct problem that shallow-layer speed and filling velocity etc. produce, make its time domain restricted vertical summation section with the correlation calibration process of brill, log data in difficulty increase, this probabilistic result will influence the reliability of seismic data interpretation.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is at the problems referred to above, provide a kind of seismic horizon information in the zero well spacing VSP data is all carried out in Depth Domain with contrast of boring the geologic horizon information in the well logging and identification, brill, well logging information contrast the compressional-shear wave data depth field corridor stacked in length and breadth section processing method of zero-offset VSP directly perceived, that determinacy is good.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The compressional-shear wave data depth field corridor stacked in length and breadth section processing method of a kind of zero-offset VSP, utilize the zero well spacing VSP data of collection in worksite, the depth information that each acceptance point is contained combines with the depth information in the drilling well layering data, the direct wave whilst on tour data of utilizing VSP are by obtaining high-precision interval velocity model with the optimization inversion algorithm, make near accurately playback and the imaging on the degree of depth of the reflection wave of direct wave first arrival, and then carry out excision of Depth Domain corridor section and stack, substitute in the conventional method and even up in time domain, the method of excision corridor and stack, the result of stack can be directly used in and contrast of drilling well individual-layer data and seismic horizon identification.
Adopt following steps:
1) seismic event is gathered in observation, utilizes the seismic event first arrival whilst on tour formation velocity of inversion algorithm calculating observation;
2) raw data is carried out wave field separation, required earthquake reflected wave is separated;
3) utilize descending ripple or monitored in the ripple that extracting deconvolution operator carries out deconvolution to the reflection wave data;
4) according to 3) handle the seismic reflection wave datum obtain, 1) the Depth Domain formation velocity model and the actual recording geometry data that obtain, in the Depth Domain imaging.
What described step 2) processing obtained is primary seismic wave (P) or shear wave (S) reflection wave data.
The Depth Domain imaging of described step 4) is the seismic wave propagation whilst on tour that utilizes in ray-tracing algorithm and the rate pattern calculating actual observation system, utilizes the whilst on tour and the corresponding seismic signal that calculate to carry out degree of depth playback imaging.
The described step 4) actual observation of described step system be the field survey process be by ground excite, the down-hole receives, for the longitudinal wave reflection wave datum, obtain by the compressional wave source excitation; For the transverse wave reflection wave datum, obtain by the shear wave source excitation.
Known imaging algorithm is adopted in the imaging of described step 4) Depth Domain, as (explanation in Chinese VSPCDP) transfer algorithms such as VSPCDP.
The imaging sizing grid of described step 4) Depth Domain imaging should be a condition not produce spatial aliasing.
The imaging of described step 4) Depth Domain is along the degree of depth imaging data to be carried out the corridor excision.
The excision of described corridor is to keep the left and right sides, 5-10 road valid data at each degree of depth sampling point, requires the scope in well lie imaging road to be less than 10 meters simultaneously, the high and no multiple reflection of the data signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) in imaging road.
The multiple tracks data summation method of the The data routine of described step 4) Depth Domain imaging after to excision obtains superposeing in the Depth Domain summation that superposes.
The imaging of described step 4) Depth Domain is corrected to benefit core elevation according to shot point elevation and the known high static correcting method of routine that adopts of benefit core with result.
Described step 1) inversion algorithm adopts linear inversion algorithm or non-linear inversion algorithm.
Effect of the present invention is as follows:
1, more directly perceived, more made full use of depth information in the VSP data.In the data acquisition of VSP, wave detector need move in well, the degree of depth in each observation station can obtain by the degree of depth register and the down-hole positioning device of well head cable car, and the information from the subsurface formations seismic event can collect along the different depth acceptance point like this.In the acceptance point scope, the data of collection have seismic horizon depth information accurately.The data processing product that obtains in view of the above helps combining with brill, log data, and processing achievement and the Depth Domain information of having avoided time domain contrast not shortcoming intuitively.
2, the velocity accuracy of Ji Suaning is higher.In the process of utilizing zero well spacing VSP data computation speed, adopted optimization automatic inversion algorithm, improve the precision of speed calculation by iterative process.Having solved conventional method in view of the above utilizes the geometric relationship of recording geometry that whilst on tour is proofreaied and correct and then there is the not high enough problem of precision in computing velocity simply.
3, the corridor section does not form in time domain in Depth Domain.Manufacturing in the process of corridor section, not upward traveling wave to be evened up, but carry out the seismic event imaging in Depth Domain in time domain, be used for stacking image along degree of depth excision corridor.Seismic response and brill, the well-log information of geologic horizon are directly contrasted in Depth Domain, set up the relation of geologic horizon and seismic horizon more intuitively, so the identification that makes layer position with demarcate more reliable.Fig. 4 has shown Depth Imaging section, corridor excision and stacked section.Wherein the longitudinal axis is represented the degree of depth, and the red line left side is the reserved area of corridor excision.Contrast the difference of visible two kinds of methods with Fig. 1.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is time domain zero well spacing VSP data uplink ripple flattened section, excision line (keeping gray line left area data) and restricted vertical summation section.
Fig. 2 is the treatment scheme that zero well spacing VSP data time territory restricted vertical summation section is manufactured.
The treatment scheme that Fig. 3 manufactures for the present invention's zero well spacing VSP data depth territory restricted vertical summation section.
Fig. 4 concerns synoptic diagram when having shown earthquake direct wave and seismic horizon reflection wave dark.
Fig. 5 has shown Depth Imaging section, corridor excision and stacked section.Wherein the longitudinal axis is represented the degree of depth, and the red line left side is the reserved area of corridor excision.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with having implemented detailed description the present invention
This method is a kind of new solution that goes wrong and propose at above-mentioned.
Its way is to make full use of depth information in the VSP measurement data and the time-space relationship between the wave field, the result that longitudinal and transverse wave reflection ripple signal is carried out restricted vertical summation in Depth Domain is directly used in and the contrast of drilling well individual-layer data, according to the earthquake reflected wave group relation after the contrast of layer position the seismic response in surface seismic, two dimension or the three-dimensional VSP imaging section is discerned and is demarcated.
This method mainly comprises content:
(1), utilize each acceptance point in the VSP amount of the spattering data to contain the characteristics of accurate depth information, the Depth Domain information of itself and drilling well layering is combined closely.
(2), utilize the direct wave travel data of VSP and optimization inversion algorithm to obtain the high-accuracy speed model.This rate pattern is used for the reflection wave data imaging of zero well spacing VSP.
(3), utilize the Depth Domain imaging method to substitute the method for evening up in time domain in the conventional method.Because under the VSP recording geometry, near direct wave that receives the bed boundary and reflection wave have end to end characteristics, when the velocity inversion algorithm makes the rate pattern that the error of direct wave whilst on tour and theoretical model calculating whilst on tour of actual measurement obtained in enough hour, can guarantee that near the reflection wave the direct wave first arrival accurately playbacks, and obtains the restricted vertical summation section in view of the above on the degree of depth.Thereby finish in Depth Domain and accurately characterize seismic horizon information.
Relation when Fig. 4 has shown earthquake direct wave and seismic horizon reflection wave dark.
In the specific implementation process of the present invention, key step is:
1) utilize the seismic event first arrival whilst on tour that observes to calculate formation velocity.
Utilize known geological data handle or interpretation software in the whilst on tour pickup model meticulously pick up compressional wave or shear wave first arrival whilst on tour in the zero well spacing VSP data.
In the processing of conventional time domain, the computing method of formation velocity are that the directions of rays of seismic event first arrival whilst on tour along shot point to geophone station that will observe projects to direction vertically downward, utilize geophone station known depth and speed and distance and time relation computing velocity.
Wherein being used for angle that projection the calculates degree of depth and the shot point by geophone station obtains from the distance calculation of well head.The characteristics of this method are to calculate simply, realize easily, but because seismic event ray from the shot point to the geophone station in communication process can not be straight line by underground medium the time, the formation velocity precision that the simple projection correction of this employing method is calculated are not high.
The present invention is in the processing of Depth Domain, and the computing method of formation velocity are to utilize inversion algorithm accurately to calculate the interval velocity on stratum at (compare with the zone of interest degree of depth always set up when very little when the well spacing) under the condition of the even stratum media of horizontal layer.Its seismic ray can be crooked, implements computation process by iteration.This speed is used for zero well spacing VSP data depth domain imaging.
The ultimate principle of inversion algorithm is summarized as follows:
In two-dimentional underground medium, the whilst on tour T of seismic wave propagation is the function of underground medium seismic velocity.In zero well spacing VSP measures, because that the distance of focus and well is compared with the observation degree of depth is very little, seismic event
It is only relevant with the vertical variation of speed to propagate whilst on tour, and the whilst on tour from focus to the down-hole acceptance point can be represented by the formula like this:
Wherein, Z is the degree of depth; D1 is the trace distance along the seismic ray direction; The slowness of S (z)=1/V (z) expression underground medium, V (z) is a formation velocity.Based on the inversion principle of whilst on tour, structure objective function Φ:
In the formula, t
oExpression observation whilst on tour, t
cRepresentation theory is calculated whilst on tour, and n represents that observation counts.Like this, the question resolves itself into of estimated speed is found the solution the minimum problem of above objective function Φ, even:
Δt＝DΔs
By the arrangement of deriving, the problems referred to above can be summed up as finds the solution following system of linear equations:
Wherein Δ t calculates whilst on tour and the difference vector of surveying whilst on tour according to theoretical model; Δ s is the reduction of underground slowness; D is a Jacobi matrix, and wherein element is the amount relevant with ray length.
Velocity inversion is an iterative process.The rate pattern of the i time iteration is:
V
i＝V
i-1+ΔV
i
Wherein, Δ Vi=1/ Δ Si, Δ Si tries to achieve by above-mentioned system of linear equations, and V is a velocity vector, the interval velocity of corresponding different depth.By continuous modification model and calculating iteration, the difference of the whilst on tour of Theoretical Calculation and the whilst on tour of actual measurement is more and more little, and when it differs from the permissible error that reaches given (less than a time-sampling point), iteration stopping obtains rate pattern in view of the above; The characteristics of this method are speed calculation precision height.
Inversion algorithm of the present invention is divided into two classes usually, i.e. linear inversion method and nonlinear inversion.The linear inversion algorithm is referred to as GLI (generalized linear inversion, Generalized Linear Inversion) usually.In refutation process, with the objective function linearization process, in iterative process, utilize known Solving Linear method to finish finding the solution of system of equations, as svd (SVD) and conjugate gradient (CG) scheduling algorithm; The non-linear inversion algorithm is that objective function is considered as nonlinear function, and some action processes of aspects such as organic sphere, physics circle are used to find the solution nonlinear problem by mathematical character, as biological heredity algorithm commonly used, simulated annealing etc.
2) raw data is carried out wave field separation, be about to required earthquake reflected wave and therefrom separate.Specific practice is that data are evened up in the first arrival that at first utilizes above step to pick up; Utilize the two-dimentional denoising method (the most frequently used be medium filtering and FK filtration module) of geological data in handling with descending ripple filtering then, keep upward traveling wave; At last the upward traveling wave data are returned to original space-time position by first arrival.This step is identical with the disposal route of the time domain of routine.
3) utilize descending ripple or monitor that extracting deconvolution operator in the wavelet carries out deconvolution to data, is used to eliminate multiple reflection and improves resolution.The extracting method of deconvolution operator belongs to a kind of known technology.This step is identical with the disposal route of the time domain of routine.
4) way handled of time domain is according to 3) upward traveling wave data after handling the data that obtain and utilizing the root-mean-square velocity model that obtains above with deconvolution even up (as Fig. 5) in time domain.
The way that Depth Domain is handled is according to 3) handle the data earthquake reflected wave (compressional wave or shear wave), 1 that obtains) interval velocity model (Depth Domain) that obtains and the recording geometry of reality, utilize ray-tracing algorithm and formation method in the Depth Domain imaging. known VSPCDP transfer algorithm is adopted in imaging.It is relevant with the well spacing that imaging sizing grid and reception are counted, and should be basic norm not produce spatial aliasing.Finished the processing (as Fig. 5) of the Depth Domain imaging section of zero well spacing VSP data in view of the above.
Vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data CDP conversion, standard address at present in the field of business is the VSPCDP conversion, does not have definite Chinese to express, and CDP wherein is " common depth point " term of using in the surface seismic data processing, but actual geophysics meaning difference, so generally there is not English direct translation.
Comprise multiple seismic wave fields such as up reflection wave and descending transmitted wave in the data of actual observation, unwanted wave field data can be filtered, keep up reflection wave data and be used for imaging by above-mentioned processing.The actual observation system is meant that measuring process is by the arrangement that excites, receiving equipment is formed by design in the open air.), utilize the seismic wave propagation whilst on tour in ray-tracing algorithm and the rate pattern calculating actual observation system, utilize the whilst on tour and the corresponding seismic signal that calculate to carry out degree of depth playback imaging.Itself belongs to known algorithm ray-tracing algorithm.
The way that time domain is handled is along time domain excision corridor.The way that Depth Domain is handled is along the degree of depth imaging data to be carried out corridor excision (as shown in Figure 5).Each degree of depth sampling point keeps the left and right sides, 5 road valid data, and its cardinal rule is to keep well lie imaging road (in the 10m) high s/n ratio data, avoids the multiple reflection that may occur.
The way that time domain is handled is in the time domain summation that superposes to the data after the excision.The way that Depth Domain is handled be to the data after the excision in the Depth Domain summation that superposes, obtain superposeing.
The way that time domain is handled is to earthquake reference surface (time) by the static correction value school.The way that Depth Domain is handled is according to shot point elevation and known benefit core height above-mentioned result to be corrected to benefit core elevation, is convenient to like this carry out contrast of layer position and identification with brill, well-log information.
According to above-mentioned steps, finished the manufacturing of restricted vertical summation section in zero well spacing VSP data depth territory.Owing to have the consistent degree of depth to start at reference surface (from benefit core elevation), can be directly used in the contrast of geologic horizon and seismic horizon and discerned with brill, well-log information.Utilize its result, and, other seismic data is compared demarcation by dark time conversion and seismic wave groups relation.
Claims (4)
1, the compressional-shear wave data depth field corridor stacked in length and breadth section processing method of a kind of zero-offset VSP is characterized in that adopting following steps:
1) seismic event is gathered in observation, utilizes the seismic event first arrival whilst on tour formation velocity of inversion algorithm calculating observation;
2) raw data is carried out wave field separation, required earthquake reflected wave is separated, what processing obtained is primary seismic wave or horizontal reflection wave data;
3) utilize descending ripple or monitor that extracting deconvolution operator in the wavelet carries out deconvolution to the reflection wave data;
4) according to 3) handle the seismic reflection wave datum obtain, 1) Depth Domain formation velocity model that obtains and actual recording geometry data, utilize the seismic wave propagation whilst on tour in ray-tracing algorithm and the rate pattern calculating actual observation system, whilst on tour that utilization is calculated and described step 3) obtain corresponding seismic signal and carry out degree of depth playback imaging, the imaging sizing grid should be a condition not produce spatial aliasing, degree of depth playback imaging is along the degree of depth imaging data to be carried out corridor section excision, keep the left and right sides, 5-10 road valid data at each degree of depth sampling point, require the scope in well lie imaging road to be less than 10 meters simultaneously, high and the no multiple reflection of the data signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) in imaging road, the multiple tracks data summation method of the The data routine of Depth Domain imaging after to excision is in the Depth Domain summation that superposes, obtain superposeing, the Depth Domain imaging is corrected to benefit core elevation according to shot point elevation and the known high static correcting method of routine that adopts of benefit core with result.
2, the compressional-shear wave data depth field corridor stacked in length and breadth section processing method of a kind of zero-offset VSP according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described step 4) actual observation system be the field survey process be by ground excite, the down-hole receives, for the longitudinal wave reflection wave datum, obtain by the compressional wave source excitation; For the transverse wave reflection wave datum, obtain by the shear wave source excitation.
3, the compressional-shear wave data depth field corridor stacked in length and breadth section processing method of a kind of zero-offset VSP according to claim 1 is characterized in that the imaging of described step 4) Depth Domain adopts known imaging algorithm VSPCDP transfer algorithm.
4, the compressional-shear wave data depth field corridor stacked in length and breadth section processing method of a kind of zero-offset VSP according to claim 1 is characterized in that the step 1) inversion algorithm adopts linear inversion algorithm or non-linear inversion algorithm.
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| CN112099086B (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2022-03-29 | 中油奥博(成都)科技有限公司 | High-resolution optical fiber borehole seismic data deep frequency analysis method |
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| CN101986172B (en) * | 2010-10-15 | 2013-06-19 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Processing method for correcting VSP downgoing waves according to actual drilling trajectory |
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