CN104570050B - A kind of VSP observation system methods for designing of prominent converted wave - Google Patents
A kind of VSP observation system methods for designing of prominent converted wave Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of VSP observation system methods for designing of prominent converted wave, belong to the field of seismic exploration in petroleum industry.This method includes：(1) according to the physical parameter of exploration target zone, Zoeppritz equations are solved, obtains the P wave reflections coefficient and PSV wave reflections coefficient of target zone and the relation of incidence angle；Effective incident angle θ of the P ripples of target zone is determined by the Changing Pattern of reflectance factorP1‑θP2With effective incident angle θ of PSV ripplesS1‑θS2；(2) by surveying tasks and the situation of VSP collecting devices, determine borehole geophone puts depth and spacing；(3) for each CCP bin, by the stacking fold of mission requirements, the ray tracing for carrying out the receiving point CCP shot points direction of PSV ripples is calculated, and counts incidence angle in the effective incident angle θ of PSV ripplesS1‑θS2Interior shot position, generation PSV ripples shot position density map.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the field of seismic exploration in petroleum industry, and in particular to a kind of VSP observations system of prominent converted wave
System method for designing.
Background technology
D3C seismic exploration, because it provides the information more abundanter than the exploration of conventional P ripples, always in recent years
Receive much concern.Because P ripples and PSV ripples have different propagation laws, the observation for taking into account P ripples and PSV ripples how is designed
System is always a masty problem.In three-dimensional VSP exploration, construction volume and cost control are that design observation system is necessary
The factor to be considered, usually requires that the reception of one-off construction completion P ripples and PSV ripples (converted wave refers to just PSV ripples) is adopted
Collection.Conventional VSP observation systems design is first to be designed according to the demand of P ripples exploration, then to PSV ripples by the way of big gun is mended
Energy give certain compensation；Or although it is contemplated that effective incident angle of PSV ripples, but it is based on average speed mould to calculate
Type or layer-cake model, for common transfer point (CCP), its bin attributes (stacking fold) is still uneven
's.
Fig. 1 is the P ripples and PSV wave ray path schematic diagrames of identical receiving point and shot point, and S is shot point, and R is receiving point,
CRP is common reflection point, and CCP is common transfer point, and ray with shear wave velocity after CCP points by being propagated.S-CRP-R is P wave rays road
Footpath, S-CCP-R is PSV wave ray paths.
In the case where complex dielectrics is run into, according to wave theory and ray propagation law, the fixed reception position in VSP wells
In the case of putting, (target zone) bin attributes uniformity that P ripples and PSV ripples are reached simultaneously is nearly impossible that (Fig. 1 says
During bright use identical observation system (P ripples and PSV ripples are using identical shot point and receiving point), the ray road strength of P ripples and PSV ripples
Far from each other, CRP and CCP are not together completely), P ripples shot point and PSV corresponding to same receiving point and CRP (CCP) points
Shot point is to disperse and unordered.So the PSV ripples being an actually-received often energy is weaker, it is impossible to complete conversion ripple exploration appoint
Business, finally influences the application effect of PSV ripples.
Fig. 2 is that identical receiving point and CRP (CCP) (put CRP and CCP together in Fig. 2, can intuitively find out：Wish
If the common transfer point CCP of PSV ripples and the CRP of P ripples fall together, the shot point for each requiring greatly differs from each other.With same
Observation system is come to collect qualified P ripples and PSV ripples be highly difficult.) P ripples and PSV wave ray path schematic diagrames, S1, S2
It is shot point, R1 is ground receiver point, and R2 is VSP receiving points in well, and CRP is common reflection point, and CCP is common transfer point, S2-CRP-R1
It is P wave ray paths with S2-CRP-R2, S1-CCP-R1 and S1-CCP-R2 is PSV wave ray paths.Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 illustrate by
In different propagation laws, same observation system is used, the second best in quality P ripples and PSV ripples are obtained simultaneously has very big difficulty.
The problem brought using single observation system in D3C seismic exploration：
According to wave theory, P ripples and PSV ripples have different propagation characteristics.From Zoeppritz equations：P ripples and
The reflectance factor of PSV ripples all changes with the difference of incidence angle, it is however generally that, the reflectance factor of P ripples is with the increase of incidence angle
Reduce；The reflectance factor of PSV ripples is then relatively large when incidence angle is in the range of certain.In incidence angle very little, P ripples it is anti-
Penetrate that coefficient is very big, and the reflectance factor of PSV ripples is close to zero.So in actual Three-dimendimal fusion VSP data acquisitions,
With same set of observation system scheme, come while the field data collection for completing P ripples and PSV ripples is extremely difficult by once blowing out
's.Actual result, often the energy comparison of PSV ripples is weak, it is impossible to complete surveying tasks.In the situation that PSV wave energies are not enough
Under, PSV ripples exploration can be used to distinguishing Lithology change, oil-gas migration the advantages of all do not know where to begin.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to solve problem present in above-mentioned prior art, there is provided a kind of VSP of prominent converted wave
Observation system method for designing, is a kind of three-dimensional VSP observation system method for designing, and the number of P ripples and PSV ripples is completed using once construction
According to collection, and the propagation law of P ripples and PSV ripples is taken into account, enhanced the energy of PSV ripples, it has solved Three-dimendimal fusion exploration
The PSV wave energies of middle generally existing are on the weak side, the problem that information is not enough, are preferably to carry out fluid identification, crack using PSV ripples to sentence
Disconnected even depth data interpretation lays the foundation.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions：
A kind of VSP observation system methods for designing of prominent converted wave, including：
(1) according to the physical parameter of exploration target zone, Zoeppritz equations are solved, obtains the P wave reflection coefficients of target zone
With PSV wave reflections coefficient and the relation of incidence angle；Effective incidence of the P ripples of target zone is determined by the Changing Pattern of reflectance factor
Angle, θP1-θP2With effective incident angle θ of PSV ripplesS1-θS2；
(2) by surveying tasks and the situation of VSP collecting devices, determine borehole geophone puts depth and spacing；
(3) for each CCP bin, by the stacking fold of mission requirements, the receiving point-CCP- shot point sides of PSV ripples are carried out
To ray tracing calculate, and count incidence angle in the effective incident angle θ of PSV ripplesS1-θS2Interior shot position, generates PSV ripples
Shot position density map；
(4) the PSV ripples shot position density map obtained according to step (3), determines shot point density and the shot point arrangement of PSV ripples
Mode, as PSV ripples big gun line are arranged；
(5) for each CRP bin, by the stacking fold of mission requirements, the receiving point-CRP- shot points direction of P ripples is carried out
Ray tracing calculate, and count incidence angle in the effective incident angle θ of P ripplesP1-θP2Interior shot position, generation P ripples shot point position
Put density map；
(6) the P ripples shot position density map obtained according to step (5), the shot point density of the PSV ripples obtained in step (4)
On the basis of shot point arrangement mode, the shot point density and shot point arrangement mode of P ripples supplement big gun, as P ripples supplement big gun line are determined
Arrangement；
(7) the PSV ripple big guns line arrangement that step (4) is obtained and the P ripples supplement big gun line arrangement that step (6) is obtained, and step
(2) arrangement mode that receives for obtaining constitutes final VSP observation systems.
The physical parameter in the step (1) includes the density and p-and s-wave velocity of target zone upper and lower medium.
Determine that effective incident angle of target zone is realized in by the Changing Pattern of reflectance factor in the step (1)
's：
What effective incident angle of P ripples was related such that：
Determine on P wave reflections coefficient and incidence angle relation curve, facing when reflectance factor drops to the 65% of peak
Boundary's point, reflectance factor is just set to effective incident angle θ of P ripples higher than the corresponding angle of scope of the valueP1-θP2；
What effective incident angle of PSV ripples was related such that：
Determine on PSV wave reflections coefficient and incidence angle relation curve, when reflectance factor drops to the 80% of peak
Critical point, reflectance factor is just set to effective incident angle θ of PSV ripples higher than the corresponding angle of scope of the valueS1-θS2。
In the step (4), the shot point number of PSV ripples is defined as the 60% of the total big gun number in work area；Perpendicular offset of shot line is conventional perpendicular offset of shot line
1/2nd, formula is pressed in the determination of big gun spacing：The big gun line length of big gun spacing=total big gun number X 60%/total.
In the step (5), for shot point included in the density map of PSV shot positions, statistics is not repeated.
The shot point number sum of P ripples supplement shot point number and the middle PSV ripples for determining of step (4) is less than or equal in the step (6)
The total big gun number in work area.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：Three-dimensional VSP observation system designed by the present invention is prominent
The energy of PSV ripples, it solve the problems, such as generally existing in Three-dimendimal fusion exploration PSV wave energies it is on the weak side, information is not enough,
For preferably carrying out fluid identification, crack using PSV ripples judges that even depth data interpretation lays the foundation.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the P ripples and PSV wave ray path schematic diagrames of identical shot point and receiving point.
Fig. 2 is the P ripples and PSV wave ray path schematic diagrames of identical receiving point and CPR (CCP).
Fig. 3 is incidence angle and reflectance factor graph of a relation.
Fig. 4 is PSV ripples shot position density map.
Fig. 5 is PSV shot points density and big gun line arrangement figure.
Fig. 6 is PSV ripple shot points density map, PSV big guns line chart and P ripples shot position poststack figure.
Fig. 7 is the arrangement of PSV ripple big guns line and P ripples supplement big gun line arrangement figure.
Fig. 8 is the final big gun line arrangement scheme obtained using the inventive method.
Fig. 9 is the Inverse ray tracing schematic diagram of P ripples.
Figure 10 is the Inverse ray tracing schematic diagram of PSV ripples.
The step of Figure 11 is the inventive method block diagram.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
The method of the present invention is according to P ripples and the different propagation laws of PSV ripples, it is proposed that a set of three-dimensional based on target zone
VSP observation system methods for designing, it solve Three-dimendimal fusion exploration in generally existing PSV wave energies it is on the weak side, information is not enough
Problem, be preferably to carry out fluid identification, crack using PSV ripples to judge that even depth data interpretation lays the foundation.
As shown in figure 11, design cycle of the invention and realize that step is as follows：
1., according to the physical parameter (density and p-and s-wave velocity of target zone upper and lower medium) of exploration target zone, solve
Zoeppritz equations, obtain the P wave reflections coefficient and PSV wave reflections coefficient of target zone and the relation of incidence angle, as shown in figure 3,
(refer in most cases that " reflectance factor of P ripples reduces with the increase of incidence angle by the Changing Pattern of reflectance factor；PSV ripples
Reflectance factor then incidence angle be in certain in the range of when it is relatively large.In incidence angle very little, the reflectance factor of P ripples is very
Greatly, and the reflectance factor of PSV ripples is close to zero.”.In the rock stratum of some physical property (only a few), also there is other reflection system
Number-incident angular dependence, but regardless of lithology, effective incidence angle of P ripples and effective incidence angle of PSV ripples are different.This
The design cycle of invention is adapted to all lithology combinations.) determine that effective incident angle of target zone (sets the effective incident angle of P ripples
For：θP1-θP2, PSV ripples effective incident angle be：θS1-θS2) (effective incident angle of P ripples determines method：Determine that P ripples are anti-
Penetrate on coefficient and incidence angle relation curve, reflectance factor drops to the critical point of the 65% of peak, reflectance factor is higher than the value
Scope be just set to effective incident angle.Effective incident angle of PSV ripples determines method：Determine PSV wave reflections coefficient and enter
On firing angle relation curve, reflectance factor drops to the critical point of the 80% of peak, and reflectance factor is just fixed higher than the scope of the value
It is effective incident angle.Effective incidence range of usual P ripples is some larger, and PSV ripples effective ranges of incidence angles not with P ripples
It is completely superposed.)；
2. the situation of surveying tasks and VSP collecting devices is pressed, determine borehole geophone puts depth and spacing, this step
The rapid position for having determined that each receiving point；
3. each CCP bin is directed to, and by the stacking fold of mission requirements, the Inverse ray tracing calculating for carrying out PSV ripples (connects
Sink-CCP- shot points direction) (ray tracing specific method：Conventional ray tracing is the feelings of known shot point and receiving point position
Under condition, the reflection point position for determining target zone is calculated.The Inverse ray tracing that the present invention is used using receiving point and pip as
Known conditions, is calculated by ray tracing, determines shot position.It is effectively incident with PSV ripples in the shot position determined
Angle casts out the shot position beyond those effective incident angle ranges as restriction condition.The selection of pip, is face first
First central point, next to that around bin central point (with central point as the center of circle, on the circle with a quarter bin yardstick as radius)
4 points or 8 points of isoazimuth are selected, until the stacking fold of bin reaches mission requirements.), and incidence angle is counted in PSV
Effective incident angle (the θ of rippleS1-θS2) in shot position, generation PSV ripples shot position density map." x " in Fig. 4 is PSV
(the outmost square frame in Fig. 4 to Fig. 8 is to represent work area scope for ripple shot position.Although effective incident angle is by reflecting layer rock
Stone physical property is determined.But due to the fluctuations of target zone, effective incidence range that each reflection surface projects ground is not true
Fixed.Whether ray falls into effective reflected range will determine according to the space occurrence of specific bin.If ray position exceeds
Work area scope, then be also regarded as invalid ray.).
4., according to above-mentioned PSV shot positions density profile, determine that (shot point is arranged for PSV shot points density and shot point arrangement mode
The determination mode of row：Total principle is that the big place of density arranges some shot points.Arrangement mode is based on straight line (for density
Situation arranged in a straight line is not pressed in distribution completely, selects the curve form of multi-point fitting, density points to be fitted is selected, by software meter
Calculate and complete), perpendicular offset of shot line selection is generally less than conventional system (1/2nd or so of about conventional perpendicular offset of shot line, the determination of big gun spacing
By formula：The big gun line length of big gun spacing=total big gun number X 60%/total.)).The total big gun numerical control systems of PSV are on 60% left side of the total big gun number in work area
It is right.Big gun 1~big gun of line line 13 that the big gun line arrangement of determination is shown in Fig. 5.The total big gun number in work area is to use conventional vision systems design software
The factors such as the scope by the requirement of work area stacking fold and target zone determine, i.e., are acquired by conventional meanses；Conventional perpendicular offset of shot line
Then according to the requirement of surveying tasks and stacking fold, it is calculated using conventional vision systems design software, i.e., by conventional meanses
Acquire.
5. each CRP bin is directed to, and by the stacking fold of mission requirements, the Inverse ray tracing for carrying out P ripples calculates (reception
Point-CRP- shot points direction), and incidence angle is counted in the effective incident angle (θ of P ripplesP1-θP2) in shot position, generate P ripple big guns
Point position density map (shot point included for PSV shot positions density map is not repeated statistics).Stain in Fig. 6
"●" is the P ripples shot position of ray tracing inverting.
6., according to above-mentioned P ripples shot position density profile, on the basis of the arrangement of PSV shot points, determine that P ripples supplement shot point
Arrangement (determination mode of shot point arrangement with PSV ripples determination mode, except that to be based on P ripples shot position close now
Degree, shot point quantity to be determined is 40% or so of work area overall design big gun number.).P ripples supplement shot point number and PSV shot point number sums
Control in total big gun number of work area requirement.Big gun 14~big gun of line line 24 in Fig. 7 is the P ripples supplement big gun line for determining.
7. summary is tried to achieve the arrangement of PSV ripple big guns line and the supplement big gun line arrangement of P ripples, are exactly the final design knot of this method
Really, as shown in Figure 8.
(3) implementation method of ray tracing
The theoretical foundation of ray tracing is that under conditions of high-frequency approximation, the main energy of seismic wave field is passed along near ray tracing
Broadcast.Ray-tracing procedure mainly uses Fermat's principle (Fermat ' s principle), Huygen's principle (Huygens '
Principle), Snell's law (Snell ' s law) and eikonal equation (Eikonal equation).
From Fermat principles, not exclusively launched using single order Taylor, the iteration ray that can obtain following form is chased after
Track algorithm (matrix equation on all intermediate path points)：
Wherein：
ai=xi-xi-1, bi=yi-yi-1, ci=zi(xi,yi)-zi-1(xi-1,yi-1)
Δi=vili
Above formula can be abbreviated as：
BT=D
Wherein B is 2nX2n rank matrixes, and T is 2n × 1 rank matrix, and D is 2n × 1 rank matrix, and n is the number of plies of dielectric model.It is logical
Cross and solve above-mentioned equation, above formula can be substituted into the hope of the displacement correction amount of ray intermediate point, revised displacement, can be in the hope of new
Correction, so continuous iteration finally tries to achieve accurate ray path.
(4) Inverse ray tracing (R-CRP-S) of P ripples
In the case of known receiving point R and common reflection point CRP, it is possible to use above-mentioned equation first tries to achieve R-CRP's half
Ray path.There is half branch ray path, ray each layer of incidence angle in Mathematical Modeling has been known that, it is possible thereby to progressively
Emergent ray is calculated each layer of incidence point position, until ground.Thus can be in the hope of being penetrated by every of CRP bins center
Incidence point (i.e. shot point) position of line.Ray R1-CRP1-S5, R1-CRP2-S6, R2-CRP1-S7, R2-CRP2-S8 are equal in Fig. 9
With velocity of longitudinal wave VPPropagate, S5, S6, S7, S8 are the shot point for meeting P ripple degree of covering.
(5) Inverse ray tracing (R-CCP-S) of PSV ripples
In the case of known receiving point R and altogether transfer point CCP, it is possible to use above-mentioned equation first tries to achieve R-CCP's half
Ray path.There is half branch ray path, ray each layer of angle of emergence in Mathematical Modeling has been known that, it is possible thereby to progressively
Emergent ray is calculated each layer of eye point position, until ground.Thus can be in the hope of being penetrated by every of CCP bins center
Eye point (i.e. shot point) position of line.From unlike the ray tracing of P ripples, the branch ray velocity of the right half of PSV ripples is horizontal
Wave velocity VPSSubstitute.In Figure 10, R1, R2 are receiving point, and CCP1, CCP2 are common transfer point, and S1, S2, S3, S4 are to meet PSV ripples
The shot position of degree of covering.R1-CCP1 sections in ray R1-CCP1-S1, R1-CCP2 sections, R2- in R1-CCP2-S2
R2-CCP1 sections in CCP1-S3, R2-CCP2 sections in R2-CCP2-S4 changing wave velocity VPSSubstitute.
In actual seismic prospecting Three-dimendimal fusion collection, due to the P ripples propagation law different with PSV ripples, with routine
Three-dimensional VSP observation system, it is impossible to obtain satisfied PSV ripple data.The present invention proposes the three-dimensional VSP observation system of complete set
System method for designing, has taken into account the demand of the good P ripples of acquisition and PSV ripple data, so as to be conducive to the contrast solution of P ripples and PSV ripples
Release, can preferably play effect of the PSV ripples in terms of fluid identification, crack judgement.This method can be in ordinary desktop computer and pen
Remember and installed and used on this computer, occupancy computer resource is few, amount of calculation is small, method simple practical.
Above-mentioned technical proposal is one embodiment of the present invention, for those skilled in the art, at this
On the basis of disclosure of the invention application process and principle, it is easy to make various types of improvement or deformation, this is not limited solely to
The method described by above-mentioned specific embodiment is invented, therefore previously described mode is preferred, and simultaneously without limitation
The meaning of property.
Claims (6)
1. VSP observation system methods for designing of a kind of prominent converted wave, it is characterised in that：Methods described includes：
(1) according to exploration target zone physical parameter, solve Zoeppritz equations, obtain target zone P wave reflections coefficient and
The relation of PSV wave reflections coefficient and incidence angle；Effective incidence angle of the P ripples of target zone is determined by the Changing Pattern of reflectance factor
Degree θP1-θP2With effective incident angle θ of PSV ripplesS1-θS2；
(2) by surveying tasks and the situation of VSP collecting devices, determine borehole geophone puts depth and spacing；
(3) for each CCP bin, by the stacking fold of mission requirements, the receiving point-CCP- shot points direction of PSV ripples is carried out
Ray tracing is calculated, and counts incidence angle in the effective incident angle θ of PSV ripplesS1-θS2Interior shot position, generates PSV ripple shot points
Position density map；
(4) the PSV ripples shot position density map obtained according to step (3), determines shot point density and the shot point arrangement side of PSV ripples
Formula, as PSV ripples big gun line are arranged；
(5) for each CRP bin, by the stacking fold of mission requirements, the receiving point-CRP- shot points direction for carrying out P ripples is penetrated
Line tracing computation, and incidence angle is counted in the effective incident angle θ of P ripplesP1-θP2Interior shot position, generation P ripples shot position is close
Degree figure；
(6) the P ripples shot position density map obtained according to step (5), the shot point density and big gun of the PSV ripples obtained in step (4)
On the basis of point arrangement mode, the shot point density and shot point arrangement mode of P ripples supplement big gun, as P ripples supplement big gun line arrangement are determined；
(7) the PSV ripple big guns line arrangement that step (4) is obtained and the P ripples supplement big gun line arrangement that step (6) is obtained, and step (2)
The arrangement mode that receives for arriving constitutes final VSP observation systems.
2. VSP observation system methods for designing of prominent converted wave according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step
(1) physical parameter in includes the density and p-and s-wave velocity of target zone upper and lower medium.
3. VSP observation system methods for designing of prominent converted wave according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The step
(1) determine what effective incident angle of target zone was realized in by the Changing Pattern of reflectance factor in：
What effective incident angle of P ripples was related such that：
Determine on P wave reflections coefficient and incidence angle relation curve, reflectance factor drops to critical point during the 65% of peak,
Reflectance factor is just set to effective incident angle θ of P ripples higher than the corresponding angle of scope of the valueP1-θP2；
What effective incident angle of PSV ripples was related such that：
Determine on PSV wave reflections coefficient and incidence angle relation curve, it is critical when reflectance factor drops to the 80% of peak
Point, reflectance factor is just set to effective incident angle θ of PSV ripples higher than the corresponding angle of scope of the valueS1-θS2。
4. VSP observation system methods for designing of prominent converted wave according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The step
(4) in, the shot point number of PSV ripples is defined as the 60% of the total big gun number in work area；Perpendicular offset of shot line is 1/2nd of conventional perpendicular offset of shot line, big gun spacing
Determination press formula：The big gun line length of big gun spacing=total big gun number X60%/total.
5. VSP observation system methods for designing of prominent converted wave according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The step
(5) in, for shot point included in the density map of PSV shot positions, statistics is not repeated.
6. VSP observation system methods for designing of prominent converted wave according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：The step
(6) the shot point number sum of P ripples supplement shot point number and the middle PSV ripples for determining of step (4) is less than or equal to the total big gun number in work area in.
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