CN1948999A - Approximate Layer Replacement Static Correction Method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to an approximate layer replacement static correction method for correcting seismic data acquired in oil and gas, coal fields and the like, which adopts a uniform medium close to a surface layer structure to replace an actual non-uniform medium, removes high-frequency components influencing superposition imaging, keeps a seismic wave field observed on the earth surface and reduces the influence of static correction to the minimum; the method comprises the following specific steps: 1) acquiring and recording seismic data by using a conventional seismic exploration method; 2) surveying and recording the near-surface structure and speed physical quantity by a conventional method; 3) calculating the elevation of the smooth earth surface; 4) calculating the speed of the smooth low deceleration layer; 5) calculating stripping and filling; 6) and (4) performing time-depth conversion based on offset imaging processing and section interpretation on the elevation surface by adopting a conventional method. The invention can eliminate the unequal time delay of seismic waves caused by the near-surface heterogeneous medium so as to meet the requirements of seismic data processing and interpretation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to seismic exploration techniques such as oil gas, coalfield, specifically be that the data of earthquake-capturing are proofreaied and correct, eliminate the seismic event inequality time delay that causes owing to the near surface nonisotropic medium, to satisfy a kind of method of approximating layer displacing static correct of earthquake Data Processing and explanation.
Background technology
At present, the two-step approach to the geological data static corrections processing after gathering adopts is decomposed into high fdrequency component and low frequency component with the datum static correction amount, uses at prestack and poststack respectively.Like this, just there are two reference fields in the seismic section after the processing: one is the time zero line that correction of a final proof arrives; Another is common midpoint (CMP) reference surface.Time zero line representative be a physical presence and reference field of definite elevation is arranged on the space because the low frequency component prestack is not used, kept the seismic wave field of face of land observation relatively.But the CMP reference surface is a time reference face, changes the definite elevation of neither one on the dark rear space.In addition, the time zero line has definite elevation and the reference field of velocity field is not corresponding with it; The reference field of CMP reference surface and velocity field is corresponding but not to have definite elevation.
Occur two kinds in the real work and change dark method: be 1, from the CMP reference surface, think that the CMP reference surface is exactly the even surface on the face of land, change dark back with the alternative CMP reference surface of the even surface on the face of land, perhaps directly multiply by filling speed with low frequency component, the error of generation is to bigger to the influence of high precision exploration, searching low amplitude structure.2, change dark on the time zero line, velocity field is corrected on the same reference field simultaneously, the depth difference of doing actual commentaries on classics dark back generation like this is bigger, subject matter is in the conversion of velocity field reference field, because the degree of covering of shallow-layer is low, signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is low, speed is difficult to analyze accurately, causes the error of velocity field.
The purpose of datum static correction is to eliminate because the elevation change on the face of land and low velocity layer medium heterogeneity change the time delay of the reflection wave inequality that causes, so that eliminate influence and the reflected phase will homophase stacking image of the face of land to structural feature.The complicated earth surface area, as in front of the mountains, mountain region, desert and other places, because surface relief is big or low velocity layer is very thick, one time static correction value is bigger, influences normal-moveout correction (NMO), and the change to seismic wave field is also bigger simultaneously.Often adopt the two-step approach static correction in the actual treatment, be about to datum static correction and be decomposed into the low-and high-frequency component, purpose is to reduce the time shift amount of static correction before stack as far as possible.Like this, the condition of minimum static correction has satisfied, but it has introduced a time reference face that does not have definite elevation in Depth Domain---CMP reference surface, changes to go wrong deeply again, analyzes the elevation of inverse CMP reference, just an approximate result.The CMP reference surface is a time adjustment amount that is subjected to the terrain model combined influence, not only comprise the influence of face of land elevation, also comprise simultaneously the influence that the boundary changes at the bottom of low velocity layer speed horizontal change and the low velocity layer, because it is to calculate by level and smooth this nonlinear method, be irreversible, therefore, existing method also just accurately inverse go out corresponding elevation.
The content of invention
The objective of the invention is advantage in conjunction with static correction single stage method and two-step approach, providing a kind of once is being corrected to geological data under the prerequisite that satisfies the static correction value minimum on the reference field with definite elevation, make each CMP road collection all have oneself level reference, avoid method of approximating layer displacing static correct with the error of the even surface replaced C MP reference surface of face of land elevation.
A kind of method of approximating layer displacing static correct of the present invention is used near the uniform dielectric of surface structure and is replaced actual nonhomogeneous media, and the high fdrequency component that influence stacking image is removed, and the seismic wave field that the maintenance face of land is observed drops to the influence of static correction minimum; Concrete steps are:
1) with conventional method of seismic prospecting acquisition and recording geological data;
2) structure and the speed physical quantity of usefulness conventional method investigation records near surface;
3) calculate level and smooth face of land elevation
Determine a floating datum, floating datum satisfies in the space that several adjacent CMP or bin are crossed over, and the discrepancy in elevation of fluctuating is converted into time quantum with filling velocity should not influence NMO and velocity analysis less than 1/2 wave period, calculates:
In the formula: e is the datum elevation after level and smooth, and e is the face of land elevation of actual measurement, and D is the elevation set in the given radius, and n is for smoothly counting.
4) calculate level and smooth speed of hanging down the reduction of speed layer
Remove low velocity layer speed by smooth manner, the time quantum that the speed after level and smooth is peeled off with compensation as filling speed makes static correction value reach minimum,
Calculate:
In the formula: v is the low velocity layer average velocity after level and smooth, and v is the low velocity layer average velocity of actual measurement, and U is the low velocity layer sets of speeds in the given radius;
5) peel off and fill calculating
According to the elevation on the face of land, the speed and the thickness of low velocity layer, be stripped to boundary at the bottom of the low velocity layer, adopt unified reference field for same CMP or CMP bin, the elevation of reference field is determined by the e of the locus correspondence at CMP or CMP bin place, be filled into this reference field, for a CMP
mStatic correction value:
In the formula: n is a low velocity layer layering number, v
iBe the speed of each layer of low velocity layer, E is a face of land elevation, and H is the thickness of each layer of low velocity layer;
6) adopt conventional method to finish based on the migration imaging on the elevation face handle and the section explanation after the time change deeply.
The structure of the near surface above step 2) and speed physical quantity comprise the metrical information of known the earth and the information of open-air near-surface investigation, and the metrical information of the earth has observation station position coordinates, face of land elevation.
In the above step 3) described in the bin number of combinations be 5-9 CMP road collection;
In the above step 3) described in velocity analysis according to each road reference field difference of CMP road collection, influence the size of stack power, satisfy level and smooth radius to elevation.
Effect of the present invention mainly shows five aspects: 1, because method of approximating layer displacing static correct has only been proofreaied and correct the high frequency variation of the seismic event retardation that is caused by face of land elevation and low velocity layer anisotropy, it is minimum that the low frequency static correction value is tending towards; 2, because low reduction of speed layer is to be replaced by approximate velocity layering, the seismic wave field distortion that static correction causes is little; 3, guaranteed that pre-stack processing is to carry out on a face that has a definite datum elevation; 4, method of approximating layer displacing static correct has promptly satisfied the initial point subaerial condition of trying one's best in the skew, has also satisfied to keep original wave field characteristics as much as possible, the influence that does not exist the high speed medium to fill; 5, solve the time dark transfer problem of seismic section reference field, avoided the approximate error that converts and produce of datum elevation.
Description of drawings
The replacement of Fig. 1 embodiment of the invention reference field and low reduction of speed layer;
Bottom boundary after Fig. 2 low velocity layer (LVL) is peeled off;
Inspection surface after Fig. 3 STATIC CORRECTION USING APPROXIMATE LAYER SUBSTITUTE;
The Depth Domain theoretical model of Fig. 4 design;
CMP road set pair ratio before and after Fig. 5 STATIC CORRECTION USING APPROXIMATE LAYER SUBSTITUTE is proofreaied and correct;
Fig. 6 stacked section and be corrected to stacked section behind the level reference;
Fig. 7 velocity field (left side) Depth Domain section (right side).
Embodiment
The present invention once is being corrected to geological data under the prerequisite that satisfies the static correction value minimum on the reference field with definite elevation, make the distortion of velocity field also reach minimum, the reference field that obtains has definite elevation notion, skew also can be carried out on this elevation face, be corrected to again after the skew on the surface level, reduce the influence of static correction imaging.
Based on ray theory, seismic event is propagated at the low velocity layer vertical, this is only the speed of low reduction of speed layer approximate establishment the during well below circle, end speed, therefore, only can not recover the seismic wave field of equivalent reference field observation after the static correction by the time shift of quiet school, the big more wave field distortion of time shift is big more, this static shift list is from stack, as long as it is suitable that reference field is selected, little to the influence of stack, but the speed that T-X curve reflected is affected, in fact can't overcome the error that static correcting method itself brings, should before stack, transform seismic wave field as small as possible, make static correction value as far as possible little, and make the reference field of processing that definite elevation be arranged.
The static correcting method that the present invention discussed is exactly to replace actual nonhomogeneous media with the uniform dielectric near surface structure, and the high fdrequency component that influence stacking image is removed, and the seismic wave field that the maintenance face of land is observed drops to the influence of static correction minimum.
Specific implementation method of the present invention is:
1) with conventional method of seismic prospecting acquisition and recording geological data;
2) structure and the speed physical quantity of usefulness conventional method investigation records near surface;
Computational data comprises the metrical information of the earth and the information of open-air near-surface investigation, the metrical information of the earth has observation station position coordinates, face of land elevation, and the information of near-surface investigation is the structure and the speed physical quantity of the near surface that obtains by analysis interpretation through professional earth physical person person.
3) calculate level and smooth face of land elevation
The level and smooth purpose of face of land elevation is to determine a floating datum, this floating datum will satisfy in several adjacent CMP or bin (the bin number of combinations that apparent velocity is analyzed, such as 5 or 9 CMP road collection, the concrete value of road collection number is decided according to the actual size at underground structure inclination angle) in the space crossed over, the discrepancy in elevation that rises and falls is converted into time quantum with filling velocity should be less than 1/2 wave period, be unlikely to influence NMO and velocity analysis, velocity analysis is that the stack power after proofreading and correct according to friction speed is determined, if each road reference field difference of CMP road collection, influence the size of stack power, so enough level and smooth radiuses will be arranged to elevation.
In the formula: e is the datum elevation after level and smooth, and e is the face of land elevation of actual measurement, and D is the elevation set in the given radius, and n is for smoothly counting.
4) calculate level and smooth speed of hanging down the reduction of speed layer.
The anisotropy of low velocity layer speed is to produce brachymedial long wavelength static correction reason, equally also can this part be removed unusually by smooth manner, the time quantum that speed after level and smooth is peeled off with compensation as filling speed, make static correction value reach minimum, greatly and for a short time being a relative concept, is the balance of filling and overburden amount.
In the formula: v is the low velocity layer average velocity after level and smooth, and v is the low velocity layer sets of speeds in the given radius for the low velocity layer average velocity of actual measurement, U, and n is for smoothly counting.
5) peel off and fill
The calculating of overburden amount is fully according to the elevation on the face of land, the speed and the thickness of low velocity layer, is stripped to boundary at the bottom of the low velocity layer always.Adopt unified reference field for same CMP or CMP bin during filling, the elevation of reference field is determined by the e of the locus correspondence at CMP or CMP bin place, is filled and also directly arrive this reference field.For a CMP
mStatic correction value:
In the formula: n is a low velocity layer layering number, v
iBe the speed of each layer of low velocity layer, E is a face of land elevation, and H is the thickness of each layer of low velocity layer.
Because before static correction is used, the calculating of reference field generation and low-and high-frequency static correction component and the recording geometry of seismic prospecting are irrelevant, this is different with conventional CMP reference surface method for building up, conventional method is smoothly to obtain by certain track pitch and the datum static correction amount in the line-spacing, change or the position of degree of covering sudden change in recording geometry, the low-and high-frequency component that often produces the bad break of CMP reference surface or separation is incorrect.
6) adopt conventional method to finish based on the migration imaging on the elevation face handle and the section explanation after the time change deeply.
Proof procedure of the present invention is as follows.The design of depth model as shown in Figure 4, face of land elevation is surveyed, low velocity layer variation in thickness scope is between 96m-167m, low velocity layer speed is 800m/s.Reference field is by to smoothly the obtaining of face of land elevation (level and smooth radius 4000m/s).Fig. 5 proofreaies and correct the CMP road set pair ratio of front and back for face of land anisotropy, from this figure as can be seen, and the t of each CMP road collection
0Time there is not change substantially, has just removed the static correction HFS of influence moving school stack.Fig. 6 (left side) is corresponding stacked section, owing to be subjected to the influence of floating datum and top layer low velocity medium, the spatial shape of reflected phase will changes, and Fig. 6 (right side) is the result who floating datum is corrected to level reference, and structural feature reverts to level fully.The stacking velocity field that obtains for velocity analysis as Fig. 7 (left side), the same with stacked section, the spatial shape of velocity field also changes, after changeing deeply on the floating datum, because floating datum is the spatial domain reference field that definite elevation implication is arranged, do not introduce new error when changing the locus of reference field, can recover its real structural feature fully.Fig. 7 (right side) is after changeing deeply by this velocity field and is corrected to the depth section of level reference that form is identical with modelling.
Also there is a reference field problem in skew, particularly in the bigger area of surface relief, because static correction hypothesis propagation of seismic wave is vertical incidence, vertical outgoing on the top layer, if adopt reference field away from the face of land, the propagation characteristic of wave field does not conform to the actual conditions in the migration process, but for the error that the change that reduces wave field characteristics and skew cause, the initial point that is offset in the processing is as far as possible near ground, and reference field should be a plane.When the face of land discrepancy in elevation is big, fill or replace low velocity medium with non-existent high speed medium, all the ray with reality is not inconsistent, zero-velocity layer method migration result directly is subjected to the face of land to arrive the influence of unified reference field filling speed, usually should actual low velocity layer (LVL) speed between skew reference field and the floating datum, rather than filling speed.Method of approximating layer displacing static correct has promptly satisfied the initial point subaerial condition of trying one's best in the skew, has also satisfied to keep original wave field characteristics as much as possible, the influence that does not exist the high speed medium to fill.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of method of approximating layer displacing static correct is characterized in that using near the uniform dielectric of surface structure and replaces actual nonhomogeneous media, and the high fdrequency component that influence stacking image is removed, and the seismic wave field that the maintenance face of land is observed drops to the influence of static correction minimum; Concrete steps are:
1) with conventional method of seismic prospecting acquisition and recording geological data;
2) structure and the speed physical quantity of usefulness conventional method investigation records near surface;
3) calculate level and smooth face of land elevation
Determine a floating datum, floating datum satisfies in the space that several adjacent CMP or bin are crossed over, and the discrepancy in elevation of fluctuating is converted into time quantum with filling velocity should not influence NMO and velocity analysis less than 1/2 wave period, calculates:
?i∈D，
In the formula: e is the datum elevation after level and smooth, and e is the face of land elevation of actual measurement, and D is the elevation set in the given radius, and n is for smoothly counting;
4) calculate level and smooth speed of hanging down the reduction of speed layer
Remove low velocity layer speed by smooth manner, the time quantum that the speed after level and smooth is peeled off with compensation as filling speed makes static correction value reach minimum,
Calculate:
j∈U，
In the formula: v is the low velocity layer average velocity after level and smooth, and v is the low velocity layer average velocity of actual measurement, and U is the low velocity layer sets of speeds in the given radius;
5) peel off and fill calculating
According to the elevation on the face of land, the speed and the thickness of low velocity layer, be stripped to boundary at the bottom of the low velocity layer,
Adopt unified reference field for same CMP or CMP bin, the elevation of reference field is determined by the e of the locus correspondence at CMP or CMP bin place, is filled into this reference field,
For a CMP
mStatic correction value:
In the formula: n is a low velocity layer layering number, V
iBe the speed of each layer of low velocity layer, E is a face of land elevation, and H is the thickness of each layer of low velocity layer;
6) adopt conventional method to finish based on the migration imaging on the elevation face handle and the section explanation after the time change deeply.
2, a kind of method of approximating layer displacing static correct according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the structure of the near surface step 2) and speed physical quantity comprise the metrical information of known the earth and the information of open-air near-surface investigation, and the metrical information of the earth has observation station position coordinates, face of land elevation.
3, a kind of method of approximating layer displacing static correct according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the step 3) described in the bin number of combinations be 5-9 CMP road collection.
4, a kind of method of approximating layer displacing static correct according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the step 3) described in velocity analysis according to each road reference field difference of CMP road collection, influence the size of stack power, satisfy level and smooth radius to elevation.
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| CN100487488C (en) * | 2006-05-11 | 2009-05-13 | 中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司 | Zero hypocentral distance vertical seismic section compressional-shear wave data depth field corridor stacked section processing method |
| CN101393270B (en) * | 2007-09-21 | 2011-04-20 | 中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司 | Continuum area surface layer high precision static correction method |
| CN101598810B (en) * | 2008-06-04 | 2011-06-22 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Method for processing refraction static correction border |
| CN102053274B (en) * | 2009-10-27 | 2013-04-24 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for correcting stack velocity in seismic data |
| CN104237943A (en) * | 2013-06-18 | 2014-12-24 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Tomographic inversion static correction method free of surface layer restraint |
| CN104570122A (en) * | 2015-01-14 | 2015-04-29 | 中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司 | Seismic data static correction method and device based on reflected waves |
| CN105549075A (en) * | 2014-10-28 | 2016-05-04 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method and device for solving shallow velocity field |
| CN105676282A (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2016-06-15 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for calculating sea-level elevation of bidirectional layer replacing floating reference surface |
| CN106932823A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2017-07-07 | 上海青凤致远地球物理地质勘探科技有限公司 | A kind of smooth datum level selection technique |
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| CN101393270B (en) * | 2007-09-21 | 2011-04-20 | 中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司 | Continuum area surface layer high precision static correction method |
| CN101598810B (en) * | 2008-06-04 | 2011-06-22 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Method for processing refraction static correction border |
| CN102053274B (en) * | 2009-10-27 | 2013-04-24 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for correcting stack velocity in seismic data |
| CN104237943A (en) * | 2013-06-18 | 2014-12-24 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Tomographic inversion static correction method free of surface layer restraint |
| CN105549075A (en) * | 2014-10-28 | 2016-05-04 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method and device for solving shallow velocity field |
| CN105549075B (en) * | 2014-10-28 | 2017-11-10 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method and device for solving shallow velocity field |
| CN104570122A (en) * | 2015-01-14 | 2015-04-29 | 中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司 | Seismic data static correction method and device based on reflected waves |
| CN106932823A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2017-07-07 | 上海青凤致远地球物理地质勘探科技有限公司 | A kind of smooth datum level selection technique |
| CN106932823B (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2018-12-21 | 上海青凤致远地球物理地质勘探科技有限公司 | A kind of smooth datum level selection method |
| CN105676282A (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2016-06-15 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for calculating sea-level elevation of bidirectional layer replacing floating reference surface |
| CN105676282B (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2017-12-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | The method for replacing the absolute elevation of floating datum for calculating bidirectional layer |
| CN107817525A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-03-20 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | A kind of near surface constant speed fill method and device |
| CN108107473A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-06-01 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Seismic migration time section constructs the bearing calibration of distortion phenomenon |
| CN108107473B (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2020-01-10 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method for correcting structural distortion phenomenon of seismic migration time section |
| CN110927797A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2020-03-27 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Static correction reference surface calculation method and system |
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