CN109357784A - A kind of test method of K-band sky temperature degree - Google Patents
A kind of test method of K-band sky temperature degree Download PDFInfo
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- CN109357784A CN109357784A CN201811388487.XA CN201811388487A CN109357784A CN 109357784 A CN109357784 A CN 109357784A CN 201811388487 A CN201811388487 A CN 201811388487A CN 109357784 A CN109357784 A CN 109357784A
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- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/006—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using measurement of the effect of a material on microwaves or longer electromagnetic waves, e.g. measuring temperature via microwaves emitted by the object
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of test methods of K-band sky temperature degree, the device that this method is related to is by K-band receiver, mounting, fixed frame, rotary shaft, bearing block, angle hold-doun nut, first rotary shaft, second rotary shaft, first turntable, second turntable, room temperature black matrix, high temperature blackbody, high temperature blackbody incubation cavity composition, room temperature black matrix and high temperature blackbody are alternatively introduced into independent K-band receiver feed aperture by this method, the response ratio of the receiver intensity and temperature is calculated with this, again by removing room temperature black matrix and high temperature blackbody, so that any elevation angle cold empty and recording current radiation intensity between receiver beam direction opposite direction 0-90 degree, in conjunction with the response ratio of the receiver intensity and temperature calculated before, the sky temperature degree of K-band under the current elevation angle can be calculated.This method is not limited to sunny night sky condition, independence and can fast implement the test of elevation angle K-band sky temperature degree under 0-90 degree, provide real-time and accurate sky temperature angle value for the intensity calibration in K-band observation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of test methods of K-band sky temperature degree, and especially one kind is in receiver intensity calibration
Test method accurately and fast is carried out to K-band sky temperature degree, dedicated for the test of K-band sky temperature degree.
Background technique
Radio astronomy is an important research field of modern astronomy.The purpose of intensity calibration is will to appoint in radio astronomy
What receiving device is converted to the flow on Astronomical Significance to the response in astronomical observation source.General calibration method is using two
They are individually positioned in the receiver first order and put by the radiation source (such as the load of hot and cold black matrix) in a difference physical temperature broadband
Big device is perhaps injected into its radiation in feed or waveguide before frequency mixer, and the noise temperature of receiver is calculated with this.
After obtaining the noise temperature of receiver, so that it may to a stable second level calibration source (noise diode for a pulse
Or black matrix load) calibrated, carry out the system temperature of test receiver using this second level calibration source in observation later,
Then the radio source observed again needs does direction or is offset from observation, so that it may obtain the equivalent antenna temperature of radio source.Most
Afterwards, according to observation radio source difference, then by the temperature transition of radio source be absolute brightness temperature, main beam brightness temperature or flow
Density.
In the cold and hot load method test of the routine carried out before laboratory or observation, heat load is generally used under normal temperature state
Black matrix load, cold load are then placed in the foam vessel for filling with liquid nitrogen using by black matrix load, are down to blackbody temperature with this
Then cold and hot load is placed in feed aperture respectively by liquid nitrogen temperature (77-80K), load temperature and intensity output are recorded, with this
Calculate the noise temperature and noise source temperature of receiver.Secondary calibration radio is removed in observation, then with the noise source previously demarcated
The equivalent temperature in source.
Why cold and hot load method test cannot carry out in observation process, most important the reason is that cold load is in observation
Inconvenient to use, so dependence test is usually that antenna elevation angle is adjusted to 90 degree before observation, by receiver, engineer is special
It carries out, can not then implement in observation process.In addition, since different-waveband receiver microwave device size is different, long superhigh frequency band
Feed is oversized, if South Mountain station L-band receiver feed diameter is 1.05 meters, even if using cold and hot load method before observation
It is extremely difficult, because being difficult one sufficiently large cold load of offer is completely covered on its feed aperture.
1973, Bell Telephone Laboratory proposed to carry out millimeter wave calibration using chopper wheel technology earliest.This method is exactly
By the way that a room temperature absorbing material is alternatively introduced into and removed at the top of feed, make receiver alternately testing room temperature absorbing material and
The calibration side of temperature scale is established in the radiation of sky with the difference between the temperature of room temperature absorbing material and sky temperature degree
Method.Since this is technically simple and reliable, behind by most millimeter wave radio astronomy calibration system institute in a period of time
Adopt.And chopper wheel technology may be equally applicable to superhigh frequency band calibration, but most importantly need to know working as the wave band
Sky temperature degree under the preceding observation elevation angle.
Research about sky temperature degree starts from the fifties in last century, occupies extremely in microwave radiation characteristics research
Consequence, for example in the test of radio astronomy antenna noise temperature, antenna system noise temperature includes receiver noise temperature
Degree, sky temperature degree, surface noise and antenna ohmic loss noise.So the theoretical calculation and actual measurement to sky temperature degree have
Very important meaning.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of test method of K-band sky temperature degree, the device that this method is related to is
By K-band receiver, mounting, fixed frame, rotary shaft, bearing block, angle hold-doun nut, the first rotary shaft, the second rotary shaft,
One turntable, the second turntable, room temperature black matrix, high temperature blackbody, high temperature blackbody incubation cavity form, and the test device in this method can
To be alternatively introduced into room temperature black matrix and high temperature blackbody in independent K-band receiver feed aperture, it is strong which is calculated with this
The response ratio of degree and temperature, then by removing room temperature black matrix and high temperature blackbody, so that receiver beam direction opposite direction 0-90 degree
Between any elevation angle cold empty and record current radiation intensity, in conjunction with the response ratio of the receiver intensity and temperature calculated before
Rate can calculate the sky temperature degree of K-band under the current elevation angle.This method does not have to be confined to sunny night sky condition, can be only
Test that is vertical and fast implementing elevation angle K-band sky temperature degree under 0-90 degree, in case being mentioned for the intensity calibration in K-band observation
For real-time and accurate sky temperature angle value, there are calibration efficiency and precision and be obviously improved.
A kind of test method of K-band sky temperature degree of the present invention, the device that this method is related to is connect by K-band
Receipts machine, mounting, fixed frame, rotation axis, bearing block, angle hold-doun nut, the first rotary shaft, the second rotary shaft, the first turntable,
Second turntable, room temperature black matrix, high temperature blackbody, high temperature blackbody incubation cavity composition, under the feed flange of K-band receiver (1)
Portion's Connection Bracket (3), fixed frame (3) rear end are connect with the first rotary shaft (7) and the second rotary shaft (8) bottom end respectively, and first
Rotary shaft (7) top is connect with the first turntable (9), is connect on the downside of the first turntable (9) with room temperature black matrix (11), the second rotation
Axis (8) top is connect with the second turntable (10), is connect on the downside of the second turntable (10) with high temperature blackbody (12), and high temperature blackbody is protected
Warm chamber (13) is wrapped on the outside of high temperature blackbody (12), and fixed frame (3) side is connect with rotation axis (4) one end, and rotation axis (4) is another
End is fastened across bearing block (5) and by angle hold-doun nut (6), and bearing block (5) is fixed at the beam top of mounting (2) side,
Concrete operations follow these steps to carry out:
A, it determines that receiver needs the elevation angle of sky temperature degree to be tested, unscrews angle hold-doun nut (6), by fixed frame
(3) and the beam direction of coupled K-band receiver (1) is adjusted to target elevation, and it is fixed to tighten angle hold-doun nut (6)
The elevation angle；
B, adjustment the first rotary shaft (7) drives the first turntable (9) and room temperature black matrix (11) rotation, makes room temperature black matrix (11)
It is completely covered by the feed aperture of K-band receiver (1), test and records the physical temperature of room temperature black matrix (11) and K-band connects
The corresponding performance number of receipts machine (1) output end；
C, adjustment the first rotary shaft (7) drives the first turntable (9) and room temperature black matrix (11) rotation, makes room temperature black matrix (11)
It is removed completely from the feed aperture of K-band receiver (1), adjustment the second rotary shaft (8) drives the second turntable (10) and high temperature
Black matrix (12) rotation, makes high temperature blackbody (12) be completely covered by the feed aperture of K-band receiver (1), tests and record high temperature
The physical temperature and the corresponding performance number of K-band receiver (1) output end of black matrix (12)；
D, the second rotary shaft (8) are adjusted again and drive the second turntable (10) and high temperature blackbody (12) rotation, make high temperature blackbody
(12) it removes, makes under the opposite elevation angle of the beam direction of K-band receiver (1) from the feed aperture of K-band receiver (1) completely
Cold sky, the performance number of K-band receiver (1) output end when testing and recording under the elevation angle opposite cold empty；
E, the physical temperature and K-band receiver (1) output end pair to room temperature black matrix (11) are tested in conjunction with step b, step c
The physical temperature and the corresponding performance number of K-band receiver (1) output end of the performance number and high temperature blackbody (12) answered directly calculate
Sky temperature degree of the K-band under the current elevation angle out.
A kind of K-band sky temperature degree test method of the present invention, in this method:
The K-band receiver (1), by feed, changeover portion, circle side conversion waveguide, orthomode coupler, isolator,
Waveguide coaxial converter and low-noise amplifier composition, each component sequentially mutually cascade；Feed in K-band receiver (1)
Flange lower part is screwed with fixed frame (3) and connect, so that both when changing K-band receiver (1) and its beam direction
Keep unified posture；
The mounting (2), is built by 12 angle bar, is fixedly connected between angle bar by corner fittings and screw, main to use
In in fixed support K-band receiver (1) in space, it is also convenient for freely adjusting receiver wave beam side in 0-90 degree elevation coverage
To；
First rotary shaft (7) and the first turntable (9) is mainly used for drawing in K-band receiver (1) feed aperture
Room temperature black matrix (11) needed for entering or removing test, wherein the first rotary shaft (7) is the screw rod of a regular length, top
First turntable (9) made of end connection is cut as solid fiberboard, the connection of the first turntable (9) lower end are suitable for K-band and calibrate
Required room temperature black matrix (11), the room temperature black matrix (11) are commercial plate absorbing material；
Second rotary shaft (8) and the second turntable (10) is mainly used for drawing in K-band receiver (1) feed aperture
High temperature blackbody (12) needed for entering or removing test, wherein the second rotary shaft (8) is the screw rod of a regular length, top
End connection second turntable (10) as made of the cutting of silica gel heating plate, the connection of the second turntable (10) lower end are suitable for K-band
High temperature blackbody (12) needed for calibration, high temperature blackbody (12) periphery are wrapped up and are kept the temperature, the high temperature by high temperature blackbody incubation cavity (13)
Black matrix (12) is commercial plate absorbing material；
The rotation axis (4) is double headed roller wire type screw rod, and one end Connection Bracket (3) side is used to support K-band
Receiver (1) and fixed frame (3), rotation axis (4) other end pass through bearing block (5) and are used for by angle hold-doun nut (6) fastening
Fixed and adjustment receiver beam direction, bearing block (5) are commercial product.
Compared with establishing model theory and calculating the method for sky temperature degree, the present invention does not need the air pressure, wet of the observation station
The related datas such as degree, height above sea level and moisture content, it is only necessary to intensity output and the temperature value of room temperature black matrix and high temperature blackbody are tested,
Calculate the response ratio g (formula 1) of the receiver intensity and temperature:
Wherein, room temperature black matrix load temperature is Tamb, and hot high temperature blackbody load temperature is Thot, room temperature black matrix intensity of load
Vamb is exported, high temperature blackbody intensity of load exports Vhot, the response of the intensity and temperature of receiver can be calculated according to formula 1
Ratio；
Intensity when being directed toward cold sky by the receiver tested under the corresponding elevation angle again exports Vsky, passes through formula 2:
Sky temperature degree Tsky of the K-band under the current elevation angle can be calculated.
The advantage of the invention is that related device and test method do not have to be confined to sunny night sky condition, it can be in office
Sky temperature degree of the independent test K-band between 0-90 degree under the elevation angle under what weather condition, for the intensity school in K-band observation
Standard provides real-time and accurate sky temperature angle value, has calibration efficiency and precision and is obviously improved.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is overall structure of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is that the present invention tests room temperature black matrix schematic diagram when receiver beam direction is 90 degree；
Fig. 3 is that the present invention tests high temperature blackbody schematic diagram when receiver beam direction is 90 degree；
Fig. 4 is that the present invention tests room temperature black matrix schematic diagram when receiver beam direction is 45 degree；
Fig. 5 is that the present invention tests high temperature blackbody schematic diagram when receiver beam direction is 45 degree；
Fig. 6 is that the present invention tests cold empty schematic diagram when receiver beam direction is 45 degree；
Fig. 7 is high temperature blackbody of the present invention and dependency structure schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment
A kind of test method of K-band sky temperature degree of the present invention, the device that this method is related to is connect by K-band
Receipts machine, mounting, fixed frame, rotation axis, bearing block, angle hold-doun nut, the first rotary shaft, the second rotary shaft, the first turntable,
Second turntable, room temperature black matrix, high temperature blackbody, high temperature blackbody incubation cavity composition, in the feed flange lower part of K-band receiver 1
Connection Bracket 3,3 rear end of fixed frame are connect with the first rotary shaft 7 and 8 bottom end of the second rotary shaft respectively, 7 top of the first rotary shaft
It is connect with the first turntable 9,9 downside of the first turntable is connect with room temperature black matrix 11,8 top of the second rotary shaft and the second turntable
10 connections, 10 downside of the second turntable are connect with high temperature blackbody 12, and high temperature blackbody incubation cavity 13 is wrapped in 12 outside of high temperature blackbody,
3 side of fixed frame is connect with 4 one end of rotation axis, and 4 other end of rotation axis passes through bearing block 5 and fastened by angle hold-doun nut 6, axis
It holds seat 5 to be fixed at 2 side beam top of mounting, concrete operations follow these steps to carry out:
A, determine that receiver needs the elevation angle of sky temperature degree to be tested (assuming that the K-band day that the elevation angle is 90 degree need to be tested
Empty brightness temperature), unscrew angle hold-doun nut 6, by the beam direction of fixed frame 3 and coupled K-band receiver 1 adjust to
Target elevation tightens angle hold-doun nut 6 and fixes the elevation angle；
B, the first rotary shaft 7 of adjustment drives the first turntable 9 and room temperature black matrix 11 to rotate, and room temperature black matrix 11 is completely covered
In the feed aperture (as shown in Figure 2) of K-band receiver 1, the physical temperature and K-band reception of room temperature black matrix 11 are tested and recorded
The corresponding performance number of 1 output end of machine；
C, the first rotary shaft 7 of adjustment drives the first turntable 9 and room temperature black matrix 11 to rotate, and makes room temperature black matrix 11 completely from K
The feed aperture of band receiver 1 is removed, and the second rotary shaft 8 of adjustment drives the high temperature blackbody 12 of the second turntable 10 and its underpart
It rotates, high temperature blackbody 12 is made to be completely covered by the feed aperture (as shown in Figure 3) of K-band receiver 1, test and record high temperature and is black
The physical temperature and the corresponding performance number of 1 output end of K-band receiver of body 12；
D, adjusting the second rotary shaft 8 again drives the second turntable 10 and high temperature blackbody 12 to rotate, and keeps high temperature blackbody 12 complete
It is removed from the feed aperture of K-band receiver 1, makes cold sky (such as Fig. 1 under the opposite elevation angle of the beam direction of K-band receiver 1
It is shown), the performance number of 1 output end of K-band receiver when testing and recording opposite cold empty under the elevation angle；
E, corresponding in conjunction with the physical temperature and 1 output end of K-band receiver of step b, step c test to room temperature black matrix 11
The physical temperature and the corresponding performance number of 1 output end of K-band receiver of performance number and high temperature blackbody 12, directly calculate K-band
Sky temperature degree under the current elevation angle.
In practical application, it may be necessary to test the sky temperature degree of any elevation angle K-band between 0-90 degree, it is assumed that need
Test 45 degree elevations angle under K-band sky temperature degree, it is only necessary to sequence execution step a (as shown in Figure 4), step b (as shown in Figure 5),
Step c (as shown in Figure 6).
Claims (1)
1. a kind of test method of K-band sky temperature degree, it is characterised in that the device that this method is related to is received by K-band
Machine, mounting, fixed frame, rotation axis, bearing block, angle hold-doun nut, the first rotary shaft, the second rotary shaft, the first turntable,
Two turntables, room temperature black matrix, high temperature blackbody, high temperature blackbody incubation cavity composition, in the feed flange lower part of K-band receiver (1)
Connection Bracket (3), fixed frame (3) rear end are connect with the first rotary shaft (7) and the second rotary shaft (8) bottom end respectively, the first rotation
Shaft (7) top is connect with the first turntable (9), is connect on the downside of the first turntable (9) with room temperature black matrix (11), the second rotary shaft
(8) top is connect with the second turntable (10), is connect on the downside of the second turntable (10) with high temperature blackbody (12), high temperature blackbody heat preservation
Chamber (13) is wrapped on the outside of high temperature blackbody (12), and fixed frame (3) side is connect with rotation axis (4) one end, rotation axis (4) other end
It is fastened across bearing block (5) and by angle hold-doun nut (6), bearing block (5) is fixed at the beam top of mounting (2) side, is had
Gymnastics follows these steps to carry out:
A, determine that receiver needs the elevation angle of sky temperature degree to be tested, unscrew angle hold-doun nut (6), by fixed frame (3) and
The beam direction of coupled K-band receiver (1) is adjusted to target elevation, tightens angle hold-doun nut (6) fixed elevation；
B, adjustment the first rotary shaft (7) drives the rotation of the room temperature black matrix (11) of the first turntable (9) and its underpart, makes room temperature black matrix
(11) it is completely covered by the feed aperture of K-band receiver (1), tests and record the physical temperature and K wave of room temperature black matrix (11)
The corresponding performance number of section receiver (1) output end；
C, adjustment the first rotary shaft (7) drives the first turntable (9) and room temperature black matrix (11) rotation, keeps room temperature black matrix (11) complete
It is removed from the feed aperture of K-band receiver (1), adjustment the second rotary shaft (8) drives the second turntable (10) and high temperature blackbody
(12) it rotates, so that high temperature blackbody (12) is completely covered by the feed aperture of K-band receiver (1), test and record high temperature blackbody
(12) physical temperature and the corresponding performance number of K-band receiver (1) output end；
D, the second rotary shaft (8) are adjusted again and drive the second turntable (10) and high temperature blackbody (12) rotation, make high temperature blackbody (12)
It removes, makes cold under the opposite elevation angle of the beam direction of K-band receiver (1) from the feed aperture of K-band receiver (1) completely
Sky, the performance number of K-band receiver (1) output end when testing and recording opposite cold empty under the elevation angle；
E, corresponding in conjunction with the physical temperature and K-band receiver (1) output end of step b, step c test to room temperature black matrix (11)
The physical temperature and the corresponding performance number of K-band receiver (1) output end of performance number and high temperature blackbody (12), directly calculate K
Sky temperature degree of the wave band under the current elevation angle.
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| CN201811388487.XA CN109357784B (en) | 2018-11-21 | 2018-11-21 | K-waveband sky brightness temperature testing method |
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| CN201811388487.XA CN109357784B (en) | 2018-11-21 | 2018-11-21 | K-waveband sky brightness temperature testing method |
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Cited By (2)
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| CN110346385A (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2019-10-18 | 中国科学院新疆天文台 | A kind of atmospheric opacity test method |
| CN113175997A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-07-27 | 中国科学院新疆天文台 | Method for testing sky brightness temperature by using horn antenna |
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