CN109302246B - K-band receiver noise temperature testing method - Google Patents
K-band receiver noise temperature testing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109302246B CN109302246B CN201811119770.2A CN201811119770A CN109302246B CN 109302246 B CN109302246 B CN 109302246B CN 201811119770 A CN201811119770 A CN 201811119770A CN 109302246 B CN109302246 B CN 109302246B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/20—Monitoring; Testing of receivers
- H04B17/29—Performance testing
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Abstract
The invention relates to a noise temperature test method of a K-waveband receiver, and a device related by the method consists of the K-waveband receiver, a seat frame, a fixed frame, a rotating shaft, a rotating table, a normal-temperature black body, a rotating shaft, a U-shaped bolt, a first rotating shaft fixing plate, a second rotating shaft fixing plate, a first fixing pin, a second fixing pin, a sliding block connecting rod, a sliding guide rail, an angle fixing screw rod, an angle fixing nut and an angle fixing sliding chute. The method simulates the rapid noise temperature test of the K-band receiver in the observation process, avoids the potential safety hazard caused by the fact that the elevation angle of the antenna needs to be kept at 90 degrees for testing and low-temperature liquid nitrogen is used in the traditional cold and hot load method, and obviously improves the testing efficiency and the safety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for accurately and quickly testing the noise temperature of a K-band receiver in the observation process, which is specially used for testing the noise temperature of the K-band receiver.
Background
Radio astronomy is a discipline for observing radio waves radiated by cosmic celestial bodies with radio telescopes, while microwave receivers are devices in radio telescopes that are dedicated to receiving radio signals. Now with respect to the definition of microwave receivers, there is a column of feeds as part of the receiver, and feeds are also considered as part of the antenna system. The original radio signal is reflected once by the main reflection surface of the antenna, reflected twice by the auxiliary reflection surface to the feed source of the receiver, and then transmitted to the data terminal after passing through the orthogonal mode coupler, the low noise amplifier and other devices of the receiver.
The microwave receiver has the main technical index of sensitivity, and the higher the sensitivity is, the stronger the capability of detecting weak signals is. When the original radio signal is transmitted through the receiver, noise of the receiver itself may be added to the signal, resulting in a weak signal not being detected. The thermal noise generated by the receiver itself is generally referred to as the receiver equivalent noise temperature. The lower the noise temperature, the higher the sensitivity of the receiver.
Increasing the receiver sensitivity and reducing its noise temperature are design goals for each receiver. The best way to reduce the noise temperature of the receiver is to cool the whole receiver low noise amplifier and the microwave device in the front stage. Taking the K-band receiver in the south mountain station of astronomical taiwan in Xinjiang as an example, the noise temperature of the receiver after refrigeration is 16K, and the noise temperature in a normal temperature state is 600K. Due to different scientific targets, a considerable part of radio telescopes use normal-temperature receivers, such as Ku-band receivers mainly used for holographic measurement in south mountain stations. Compared with a refrigeration receiver, the normal-temperature receiver does not need to specially design a Dewar for a refrigeration part, and the whole structure of the receiver is relatively simple. However, the noise temperature is a direct index of the performance of the receiver no matter at normal temperature or in a refrigeration receiver, so that the test of the noise temperature of the receiver is particularly important.
For the test of the noise temperature of the receiver, the most common and most classical method is the cold and hot load method, i.e. the Y factor method. The method is to use two radiation sources (such as cold and hot black bodies) with different physical temperatures and broadband, and place the radiation sources at the front stage of the first-stage amplifier or mixer of the receiver respectively to inject the radiation into the feed source or waveguide of the receiver.
Recording the temperature T of the cold load when the cold load and the heat load are respectively covered to the feed source interface of the receivercoldAnd heat load temperature ThotAnd cold load intensity output VcoldAnd thermal load intensity output VhotThe noise temperature T of the receiver can be calculated according to the formula 1RxI.e. the temperature value equivalent to the receiver's own strength response. Equation 2 is the "Y factor", i.e., the power response ratio of the receiver when hot and cold loads are placed in front of the feed, where VRxIs the strength output of the receiver itself.
In a conventional cold and heat load method test, a black body in a normal temperature state is generally used for a heat load, and the temperature of the black body is reduced to the temperature of liquid nitrogen (77-80K) by placing the black body in a foam vessel filled with liquid nitrogen for a cold load. Because the cold load is inconvenient to use in the observation process, the elevation angle of the antenna is generally adjusted to 90 degrees before the noise temperature test is observed, a receiver engineer specially carries out related tests, and the test cannot be carried out in the observation process. In addition, due to the fact that microwave devices of different wave band receivers are different in size, the long centimeter wave band feed source is too large in size, and if the diameter of the L wave band receiver feed source of the Nanshan station is 1.05 meters, the cold and heat load method is very difficult to use even before observation, and a sufficiently large cold load is difficult to provide and completely covers the feed source aperture.
The method described in chinese patent 201510569415.5 "a noise temperature test system and method suitable for terahertz receiver" is to use room temperature black body load (27 ℃) and high temperature black body load (999 ℃) to test the noise temperature of the receiver, and the high temperature black body load (999 ℃) used needs at least one cavity capable of providing the temperature to meet the requirement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a noise temperature test method of a K-waveband receiver, and the device related by the method consists of the K-waveband receiver, a seat frame, a fixed frame, a rotating shaft, a rotating table, a normal-temperature black body, a rotating shaft, a U-shaped bolt, a first rotating shaft fixed plate, a second rotating shaft fixed plate, a first fixed pin, a second fixed pin, a sliding block connecting rod, a sliding guide rail, an angle fixed screw rod, an angle fixed nut and an angle fixed sliding chute, wherein the method uses cold air to replace cold load which is difficult to operate, the test device can introduce or remove the normal-temperature black body load on a feed source port surface, can randomly adjust the K-waveband receiver and the beam direction thereof at an elevation angle of 0-90 degrees, respectively record the temperature of the normal-temperature black body load and the output of the load intensity of the normal-temperature black body and the output of the intensity of the, the measurement of the noise temperature of the receiver can be completed. The method simulates the rapid noise temperature test of the K-band receiver in the observation process, avoids the potential safety hazard caused by the fact that the elevation angle of the antenna needs to be kept at 90 degrees for testing and low-temperature liquid nitrogen is used in the traditional cold and hot load method, and obviously improves the testing efficiency and the safety.
The invention relates to a noise temperature test method of a K-waveband receiver, which relates to a device consisting of the K-waveband receiver, a seat frame, a fixed frame, a rotating shaft, a rotating table, a normal-temperature black body, a rotating shaft, a U-shaped bolt, a first rotating shaft fixed plate, a second rotating shaft fixed plate, a first fixed pin, a second fixed pin, a sliding block connecting rod, a sliding guide rail, an angle fixed screw rod, an angle fixed nut and an angle fixed sliding chute, wherein the lower part of a feed source flange of the K-waveband receiver (1) is connected with the fixed frame (3), the rear end of the fixed frame (3) is connected with the bottom end of the rotating shaft (4), the top end of the rotating shaft (4) is connected with the rotating table (5), the lower side of the rotating table (5) is connected with the normal-temperature black body (6), the rotating shaft (7) is fixed at the top end of the seat frame, the other end of the first transmission shaft fixing plate (9) is connected with the rotating shaft (7), the other end of the rotating shaft (7) penetrates through a U-shaped bolt (8) and is connected with a second rotating shaft fixing plate (10), the other end of the second rotating shaft fixing plate (10) is connected with a sliding block connecting rod (14) through a first fixing pin (11), the other end of the sliding block connecting rod (14) is connected with a sliding block (13) through a second fixing pin (12), the sliding block (13) is clamped on the inner side of a sliding guide rail (15), the sliding guide rail (15) is fixed on the rear side of the top end of the seat frame (2), an angle fixing sliding chute (18) is formed in the top end of the sliding guide rail (15), an angle fixing screw rod (16) penetrates through the angle fixing sliding chute (18) and is connected with the top of the sliding block (13), an angle fixing nut (17) is screwed into the angle fixing, the specific operation is carried out according to the following steps:
a. determining the elevation angle of the receiver beam direction to be simulated, unscrewing an angle fixing nut (17), adjusting a sliding block (13) along a sliding guide rail (15), enabling an angle fixing screw rod (16) to move to a target position along the scale on an angle fixing sliding chute (18), transmitting the sliding block (13) and a sliding block connecting rod (14) to a first fixing pin (11) through a second fixing pin (12) and to a second rotating shaft fixing plate (10) in the period, adjusting the beam direction of a fixing frame (3) and a K-waveband receiver (1) connected with the fixing frame to the target elevation angle through a rotating shaft (7) and a first rotating shaft fixing plate (9), and screwing the angle fixing nut (17) to fix the elevation angle;
b. adjusting a rotating shaft (4) to drive a rotating platform (5) and a normal-temperature black body (6) at the lower part of the rotating platform to rotate, enabling the normal-temperature black body (6) to completely cover a feed source port surface of a K-band receiver (1), and testing and recording the physical temperature of the normal-temperature black body (6) and the power value corresponding to the output end of the K-band receiver (1);
c. adjusting a rotating shaft (4) to drive a rotating platform (5) and a normal-temperature black body (6) at the lower part of the rotating platform to rotate, enabling the normal-temperature black body (6) to be completely moved away from a feed source port face of a K wave band receiver (1), enabling the wave beam direction of the K wave band receiver (1) to face cold air at the elevation angle, testing and recording the power value of the output end of the K wave band receiver (1) facing the cold air at the elevation angle, calling the sky bright temperature value corresponding to the K wave band at the elevation angle, testing the physical temperature of the normal-temperature black body (6) and the power value corresponding to the output end of the K wave band receiver (1) in combination with the step b.
In practical application, the beam direction of the receiver may be at any elevation angle between 0 and 90 degrees, and when simulating the elevation angle to perform the noise temperature test of the receiver, only the steps a, b and c need to be sequentially performed.
The invention relates to a noise temperature test method of a K-band receiver, which comprises the following steps:
the K-band receiver (1) consists of a feed source, a transition section, a round-square conversion waveguide, an orthogonal mode coupler, an isolator, a waveguide coaxial converter and a low-noise amplifier, wherein all the components are cascaded in sequence; the lower part of a feed source flange of the K-band receiver (1) is fixedly connected with the fixed frame (3) by screws, so that the K-band receiver (1) and a wave beam direction thereof are kept in a unified posture when the K-band receiver and the wave beam direction thereof are changed;
the seat frame (2) is built by 10 angle irons which are fixedly connected by angle pieces and screws and is mainly used for fixedly supporting the K-waveband receiver (1) in space and simulating any elevation angle of which the beam direction can be between 0 and 90 degrees during observation;
the rotary shaft (4) and the rotary table (5) are mainly used for introducing or removing a normal-temperature black body (6) required by testing on a feed source port surface of the K-band receiver (1), wherein the rotary shaft (4) is a screw rod with a fixed length, the top end of the rotary shaft is connected with the rotary table (5) formed by cutting a hard paperboard, the normal-temperature black body (6) required by K-band calibration is adhered to the lower end of the rotary table (5), and the normal-temperature black body (6) is a commercial flat-plate wave-absorbing material;
the rotating shaft (7), the first rotating shaft fixing plate (9) and the second rotating shaft fixing plate (10) are all special customized components, and are used for transmitting angle information adjusted by the sliding block (13) to the K-band receiver (1) on one hand, and are used for realizing the purposes of fixing and adjusting the angle of the receiver by combining a U-shaped bolt (8) at the top end of the seat frame (2) on the other hand;
the sliding block (13), the sliding block connecting rod (14) and the sliding guide rail (15) are all special customized components, and are an integral elevation angle adjusting structure together with the angle fixing screw rod (16), the angle fixing screw cap (17) and the angle fixing sliding chute (18), and the sliding block, the sliding block connecting rod (14) and the sliding guide rail (15) are mainly used for converting scale information on the angle fixing sliding chute (18) into elevation angle information in the beam direction of the K-band receiver (1), and when the beam direction of the K-band receiver (1) needs to be adjusted to a certain elevation angle, the sliding block (13) and the corresponding scales on the angle fixing sliding chute (18) from the angle fixing screw rod (16) to the sliding guide rail (15).
Compared with the conventional cold and heat load method for testing the noise temperature, the method utilizes cold air under a clear weather condition to replace low-temperature load needing to be manually placed (in liquid nitrogen); compared with the normal temperature and high temperature load method for testing the noise temperature in the noise temperature testing system and method suitable for the terahertz receiver in the Chinese patent 201510569415.5, the cold air is used for replacing the high temperature load which can be obtained only by specially arranging a high temperature environment cavity in the patent. In addition, the noise temperature of the receiver can be calculated by only alternately introducing or removing the normal-temperature black body on the feed source face of the receiver, enabling the receiver to respectively test the radiation of the normal-temperature black body and the cold air, recording the power output of the normal-temperature black body and the cold air at the output end of the receiver and the physical temperature of the normal-temperature black body, and combining the sky brightness temperature value of the wave band at the corresponding elevation angle.
The device and the test method have the advantages that the device and the test method can be used for simulating the state that the K-band receiver is arranged in a receiver bin of a radio telescope, and the beam direction of the K-band receiver is at any elevation angle between 0 and 90 degrees along with an observation target in observation. The method is used for testing the noise temperature of the receiver at the current elevation angle, observation does not need to be stopped, the radio telescope is started to face the zenith direction (the elevation angle is 90 degrees), and low-temperature load (a conventional cold and hot load method) or high-temperature load (a normal-temperature and high-temperature load method described in Chinese patent 201510569415.5) does not need to be provided by people climbing an antenna, and only power output of a normal-temperature black body and cold air at the output end of the receiver, and the temperature of the normal-temperature black body and the sky brightness temperature of a K wave band at the corresponding elevation angle are obtained according to the steps.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the present invention for testing cold air when the receiver beam direction is 90 degrees;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a blackbody for testing a normal temperature when a beam direction of a receiver is 45 degrees according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the testing of cold air at a receiver beam direction of 45 degrees according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a K-band receiver according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a mount configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a normal temperature black body and related structures according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a rotating shaft and related structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a slider and related structure according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Examples
The invention relates to a noise temperature test method of a K-waveband receiver, which relates to a device consisting of the K-waveband receiver, a seat frame, a fixed frame, a rotating shaft, a rotating table, a normal-temperature black body, a rotating shaft, a U-shaped bolt, a first rotating shaft fixed plate, a second rotating shaft fixed plate, a first fixed pin, a second fixed pin, a sliding block connecting rod, a sliding guide rail, an angle fixed screw, an angle fixed nut and an angle fixed sliding chute, wherein the lower part of a feed source flange of the K-waveband receiver 1 is connected with the fixed frame 3, the rear end of the fixed frame 3 is connected with the bottom end of the rotating shaft 4, the top end of the rotating shaft 4 is connected with the rotating table 5, the lower side of the rotating table 5 is connected with the normal-temperature 6 of the black body, the rotating shaft 7 is fixed at the top end of the, the other end of axis of rotation 7 passes U type bolt 8 and is connected with second axis of rotation fixed plate 10, the second axis of rotation fixed plate 10 other end is connected with slider connecting rod 14 through first fixing pin 11, the slider connecting rod 14 other end is connected with slider 13 through second fixing pin 12, slider 13 card is in sliding guide 15's inboard, sliding guide 15 fixes the rear side on 2 tops of seat frame, fixed spout 18 of angle is seted up on sliding guide 15 top, angle fixing screw 16 passes fixed spout 18 of angle and is connected with slider 13 top, angle fixing nut 17 twists angle fixing screw 16 and is used for the position of fastening slider 13 with the contact of sliding guide 15 top, concrete operation is according to following step and is carried out:
a. determining an elevation angle of a receiver beam direction to be simulated (assuming that the elevation angle is 90 degrees, as shown in fig. 2), loosening the angle fixing nut 17, adjusting the slide block 13 along the sliding guide rail 15, so that the angle fixing screw 16 moves to a target position along the scale on the angle fixing chute 18, during which the slide block 13 and the slide block connecting rod 14 are transmitted to the first fixing pin 11 by the second fixing pin 12 and are transmitted to the second rotating shaft fixing plate 10, adjusting the beam direction of the fixing frame 3 and the K-band receiver 1 connected with the fixing frame to the target elevation angle through the rotating shaft 7 and the first rotating shaft fixing plate 9, and tightening the angle fixing nut 17 to fix the elevation angle;
b. adjusting the rotating shaft 4 to drive the rotating table 5 and the normal temperature black body 6 at the lower part thereof to rotate, so that the normal temperature black body 6 completely covers the feed source port surface of the K-band receiver 1 (assuming that the elevation angle is 45 degrees, as shown in fig. 3), and testing and recording the physical temperature of the normal temperature black body 6 and the power value corresponding to the output end of the K-band receiver 1;
c. adjusting the rotating shaft 4 to drive the rotating table 5 and the normal temperature black body 6 at the lower part thereof to rotate, so that the normal temperature black body 6 is completely moved away from the feed source port surface of the K wave band receiver 1, the beam direction of the K wave band receiver 1 faces cold air at the elevation angle (assuming that the elevation angle is 45 degrees, as shown in figure 4), testing and recording the power value of the output end of the K wave band receiver 1 facing the cold air at the elevation angle, calling the sky bright temperature value corresponding to the K wave band at the elevation angle, and directly calculating the noise temperature of the receiver by combining the physical temperature of the normal temperature black body 6 tested in the step b and the power value corresponding to the output end of the K.
In practical application, the beam direction of the K-band receiver may be at any elevation angle between 0 and 90 degrees, and when the elevation angle is simulated to perform the noise temperature test of the receiver, only the step a, the step b and the step c need to be sequentially executed.
Claims (1)
1. A K wave band receiver noise temperature test method is characterized in that a device related by the method consists of a K wave band receiver, a seat frame, a fixed frame, a rotating shaft, a rotating table, a normal temperature black body, a rotating shaft, a U-shaped bolt, a first rotating shaft fixed plate, a second rotating shaft fixed plate, a first fixed pin, a second fixed pin, a sliding block connecting rod, a sliding guide rail, an angle fixed screw rod, an angle fixed nut and an angle fixed sliding chute, wherein the lower part of a feed source flange of the K wave band receiver (1) is connected with the fixed frame (3), the rear end of the fixed frame (3) is connected with the bottom end of the rotating shaft (4), the top end of the rotating shaft (4) is connected with the rotating table (5), the lower side of the rotating table (5) is connected with the normal temperature black body (6), the rotating shaft (7) is fixed at the top end of the seat frame (2), the other end of the first transmission shaft fixing plate (9) is connected with the rotating shaft (7), the other end of the rotating shaft (7) penetrates through a U-shaped bolt (8) and is connected with a second rotating shaft fixing plate (10), the other end of the second rotating shaft fixing plate (10) is connected with a sliding block connecting rod (14) through a first fixing pin (11), the other end of the sliding block connecting rod (14) is connected with a sliding block (13) through a second fixing pin (12), the sliding block (13) is clamped on the inner side of a sliding guide rail (15), the sliding guide rail (15) is fixed on the rear side of the top end of the seat frame (2), an angle fixing sliding chute (18) is formed in the top end of the sliding guide rail (15), an angle fixing screw (16) is connected with the top of the sliding block (13) and penetrates through the angle fixing sliding chute (18), and an angle fixing nut (17) is screwed into the angle fixing, the specific operation is carried out according to the following steps:
a. determining the elevation angle of the wave beam direction of the K wave band receiver (1) to be simulated, loosening an angle fixing nut (17), adjusting a sliding block (13) along a sliding guide rail (15), enabling an angle fixing screw rod (16) to move to a target position along scales on an angle fixing sliding chute (18), during the period, enabling the sliding block (13) and a sliding block connecting rod (14) to be transmitted to a first fixing pin (11) through a second fixing pin (12) and to be transmitted to a second rotating shaft fixing plate (10), adjusting the wave beam directions of a fixing frame (3) and the K wave band receiver (1) connected with the fixing frame to the target elevation angle through a rotating shaft (7) and a first rotating shaft fixing plate (9), and tightening the angle fixing nut (17) to fix the target elevation angle;
b. adjusting a rotating shaft (4) to drive a rotating platform (5) and a normal-temperature black body (6) at the lower part of the rotating platform to rotate, enabling the normal-temperature black body (6) to completely cover a feed source port surface of a K-band receiver (1), and testing and recording the physical temperature of the normal-temperature black body (6) and the power value corresponding to the output end of the K-band receiver (1);
c. adjusting a rotating shaft (4) to drive a rotating platform (5) and a normal-temperature black body (6) at the lower part of the rotating platform to rotate, enabling the normal-temperature black body (6) to be completely moved away from a feed source port face of a K wave band receiver (1), enabling the wave beam direction of the K wave band receiver (1) to face cold air at a target elevation angle, testing and recording the power value of the output end of the K wave band receiver (1) facing the cold air at the elevation angle, calling the sky bright temperature value corresponding to the K wave band at the target elevation angle, testing the physical temperature of the normal-temperature black body (6) and the power value corresponding to the output end of the K wave band receiver (1) in combination with the step.
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| CN109991497B (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2020-11-27 | 中国科学院新疆天文台 | Calibration method for dual-beam refrigeration receiver |
| CN110611168B (en) * | 2019-09-21 | 2020-11-20 | 深圳市锦凌电子有限公司 | Multi-antenna calibration device for 5G communication |
| CN113175997B (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2023-11-24 | 中国科学院新疆天文台 | Method for testing sky brightness temperature by horn antenna |
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| US7349804B2 (en) * | 2004-10-18 | 2008-03-25 | Trex Enterprises Corp. | Daytime stellar imager |
| CN105187136A (en) * | 2015-09-09 | 2015-12-23 | 中国工程物理研究院电子工程研究所 | Terahertz receiver noise temperature test system and method |
| CN105842552A (en) * | 2015-01-15 | 2016-08-10 | 中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心 | Microwave receiver noise measuring device and measuring method |
| CN107404357A (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2017-11-28 | 中国科学院新疆天文台 | A kind of Q-band receiver intensity calibration method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7349804B2 (en) * | 2004-10-18 | 2008-03-25 | Trex Enterprises Corp. | Daytime stellar imager |
| CN105842552A (en) * | 2015-01-15 | 2016-08-10 | 中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心 | Microwave receiver noise measuring device and measuring method |
| CN105187136A (en) * | 2015-09-09 | 2015-12-23 | 中国工程物理研究院电子工程研究所 | Terahertz receiver noise temperature test system and method |
| CN107404357A (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2017-11-28 | 中国科学院新疆天文台 | A kind of Q-band receiver intensity calibration method |
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