CN107404357B - Q-band receiver strength calibration method - Google Patents
Q-band receiver strength calibration method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107404357B CN107404357B CN201710865341.9A CN201710865341A CN107404357B CN 107404357 B CN107404357 B CN 107404357B CN 201710865341 A CN201710865341 A CN 201710865341A CN 107404357 B CN107404357 B CN 107404357B
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- H04B17/20—Monitoring; Testing of receivers
- H04B17/21—Monitoring; Testing of receivers for calibration; for correcting measurements
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for calibrating the strength of a Q-band receiver, which relates to a device consisting of a Dewar, a vacuum window, a first feed source, a second feed source, a first rotating shaft, a second rotating shaft, a first rotating arm, a second rotating arm, a first motor, a second motor, a 300K blackbody, a 400K blackbody, a 300K blackbody platform and a 400K blackbody cavity. The method has the advantages of high precision, good stability and obvious improvement on the calibration efficiency, and meets the requirement of performing rapid intensity calibration on the Q-band dual-beam receiver in the observation process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for accurately and quickly calibrating the strength of a Q-band dual-beam receiver in an observation process, which is specially used for calibrating the strength of the Q-band receiver.
Background
Radio astronomy is an important research area in astronomy. In radio astronomy, the electromagnetic wave bands are distinguished, and millimeter wave astronomy is a branch of astronomical observation by using millimeter wave bands (with the wavelength of 1-10 mm). In the fifties of the twentieth century, a series of small millimeter wave radio telescopes are successfully developed in the world. The millimeter wave radio astronomy is developed to the seventies of the twentieth century and becomes the actual measurement astronomy field emerging at that time. The information of the cosmic waves in the millimeter wave band is used for researching the distribution of interstellar clouds, star formation and evolution, galaxy structures, astrology and cosmology, comets, planets and other solar system celestial bodies. In the high-frequency radio range, millimeter wave spectrum means has made a remarkable contribution to various astronomy fields and becomes a main window for detecting the cold and dark universes. A series of important discoveries represented by detecting the distribution of molecular clouds and the formation of young stars make the research field of millimeter wave radio astronomy and the research field of formation of interstellar molecular clouds and stars one of the most popular research fields of the international astronomy community.
Line observation research in the Q wave band (7 mm) is an important probe for the physical and chemical properties of molecular clouds and stellar formation regions, and if the sensitivity is sufficient (such as depending on a large-caliber telescope), the physical and dynamic properties of the early stage of the galaxy evolution can be researched by using the molecular lines. Development of Q-band observation can significantly improve the capability and level of the station in the molecular spectral line leading edge research field.
In the radio context, whether millimeter wave observation or centimeter wave or millimeter wave observation, the purpose of their calibration is not different, but to convert the response of any one receiving device to an astronomical observation source into astronomical traffic. Due to the different frequencies of the observation signals, the millimeter wave calibration is slightly different from the traditional centimeter wave or millimeter wave calibration. The differences lie in the technical means of calibration, and the influence of factors such as atmosphere on millimeter wave calibration.
The black body is considered to have an absorption function for signals radiated from the outside, the black body can have a stable radiation output within a wide frequency range, and the intensity of the signals radiated from the black body is in direct proportion to the physical temperature of the black body. According to the radiation characteristics of the black body, the principle of radio astronomy intensity calibration is to convert the variation of the intensity of the received signal into the variation of the temperature through the response of the receiving device to the radiation of the black body with different temperatures. The general calibration method is to use two broadband radiation sources (blackbodies) with different physical temperatures to calibrate the receiver before observation (first-stage calibration), namely to place the radiation sources in front of a first-stage amplifier or mixer of the receiver respectively to inject the radiation into a feed source or a waveguide so as to calculate the equivalent noise temperature T output by the receiverrx. Because the receiver system is inconvenient to be connected at any time in the observation processThe system performs a first stage calibration, thus using the first stage calibration before observation to calibrate a stable calibration source TcalThe second calibration (second stage calibration) is carried out (a pulse noise diode), and the second stage calibration can be carried out at any time in the observation process, so that the equivalent system temperature T of the whole receiver system can be conveniently testedsysThen, on/off observation is carried out on the astronomical source needing to be observed, and T can be obtainedAI.e. the antenna temperature equivalent to the radio source.
Centimeter wave calibration, noise injection mode (waveguide, free space) is mainly used. The noise injection mode is a calibration method for establishing a temperature scale by injecting a pulse signal output by a noise diode (second-stage calibration source) into a waveguide device of a receiver or a feed source through a waveguide coupler or an external free space. The existing GBT Q-band receivers use a calibration mode of noise injection, which injects a noise signal into the Q-band receiver after the feed source and the polarizer for calibration.
Millimeter wave calibration, the noise injection mode is not easily achieved due to the miniaturization of millimeter-band microwave devices, and this approach may introduce additional noise to the overall receiver system. For the above reasons, BTL (bell phone lab) was first proposed to use chopper wheel technology for millimeter wave calibration. The chopper wheel calibration method is a calibration method for alternately testing the normal-temperature black body load and the sky radiation by a receiver by alternately introducing and removing the normal-temperature black body load at the top of a feed source in an observation process, and a temperature scale is established by using the difference between the temperature of a normal-temperature wave-absorbing material and the sky brightness temperature. The chopper wheel calibration mode has the advantage that it can automatically compensate for variations in atmospheric absorption, and only needs to provide the physical temperature of the absorbing black body and the average temperature of the atmosphere along the beam direction when calibrating. The chopper wheel calibration method is particularly suitable for the condition that the atmospheric conditions change rapidly. Since this method is simple and reliable, it is adopted by most millimeter wave radio astronomy calibration systems for a period of time thereafter.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for calibrating the strength of a Q-band receiver, and the device related to the method consists of a Dewar, a vacuum window, a first feed source, a second feed source, a first rotating shaft, a second rotating shaft, a first rotating arm, a second rotating arm, a first motor, a second motor, a 300K black body, a 400K black body, a 300K black body platform and a 400K black body cavity. Firstly, rotating a 300K blackbody from an initial position at the front side by 75 degrees in a counterclockwise manner to a first feed source aperture plane; secondly, rotating the 300K blackbody by 30 degrees counterclockwise to a second feed source aperture plane, and simultaneously rotating the 400K blackbody by 75 degrees clockwise from the initial position of the front side to the first feed source aperture plane; thirdly, rotating the 300K blackbody by 75 degrees in the anticlockwise direction to the initial position at the rear side, and simultaneously rotating the 400K blackbody by 30 degrees in the clockwise direction to the aperture plane of the second feed source; finally, the 400K black body is rotated 75 degrees clockwise to a rear initial position. When the two blackbody loads start a new round of calibration from the initial positions at the rear sides, the steps are only needed to be executed in the reverse direction. The method has the advantages of high precision, good stability and obvious improvement on the calibration efficiency, and meets the requirement of performing rapid intensity calibration on the Q-band dual-beam receiver in the observation process.
The invention relates to a strength calibration method of a Q-band receiver, which relates to a device comprising a Dewar (1), a vacuum window (2), a first feed source (3), a second feed source (4), a first rotating shaft (5), a second rotating shaft (6), a first rotating arm (7), a second rotating arm (8), a first motor (9), a second motor (10), a 300K blackbody (11), a 400K blackbody (12), a 300K blackbody platform (13) and a 400K blackbody cavity (14), wherein the vacuum feed window (2) is arranged at the top of the Dewar (1), the first feed source (3) and the second feed source (4) are arranged in the Dewar (1) in parallel, the horn mouth surfaces of the first feed source (3) and the second feed source (4) face to and are flush with the vacuum window (2), the first motor (9) is connected with the bottom of the first rotating shaft (5), and the top of the first rotating shaft (5) is connected with the first rotating arm (7), The other end and the 300K blackbody platform (13) of first swinging boom (7) are connected, 300K blackbody (11) are installed to the lower part of 300K blackbody platform (13), second motor (10) link to each other with the bottom of second rotation axis (6), the top and the second swinging boom (8) of second rotation axis (6) are connected, the other end and the 400K blackbody chamber (14) of second swinging boom (8) are connected, the internally mounted 400K blackbody (12) of 400K blackbody chamber (14), front side initial position (15) are located the front end of dewar (1), rear side initial position (16) are located the rear end of dewar (1), before the calibration, acquiescence 300K blackbody (11) and 400K blackbody (12) all are located front side initial position (15), the concrete operation is carried out according to the following steps:
a. rotating the 300K blackbody (11) from the initial position (15) at the front side by 75 degrees in a counterclockwise manner to the aperture plane of the first feed source (3), and recording the actual physical temperature of the 300K blackbody (11) and the power output of the signal link of the first feed source (3) covered by the actual physical temperature;
b. rotating the 300K blackbody (11) from the aperture plane of the first feed source (3) by 30 degrees in a counterclockwise manner to the aperture plane of the second feed source (4), recording the actual physical temperature of the 300K blackbody (11) and the power output of the signal link of the second feed source (4) covered by the actual physical temperature, and simultaneously rotating the 400K blackbody (12) from the initial position (15) at the front side by 75 degrees in a clockwise manner to the aperture plane of the first feed source (3), and recording the actual physical temperature of the 400K blackbody (12) and the power output of the signal link of the first feed source (3) covered by the actual physical temperature;
c. rotating the 300K blackbody (11) from the aperture plane of the second feed source (4) by 75 degrees in a counterclockwise manner to an initial position (16) at the rear side, simultaneously rotating the 400K blackbody (12) from the aperture plane of the first feed source (3) by 30 degrees in a clockwise manner to the aperture plane of the second feed source (4), and recording the actual physical temperature of the 400K blackbody (12) and the power output of a signal link of the second feed source (4) covered by the actual physical temperature;
d. rotating the 400K blackbody (12) from the aperture plane of the second feed source (4) by 75 degrees clockwise to a rear initial position (16), and directly using the temperature value and the power output value accurately tested in the steps a, b and c for intensity calibration of the Q-band receiver;
e. when the 300K blackbody (11) and the 400K blackbody (12) are both located at the rear initial position (16) after one calibration, a new calibration cycle only needs to perform the operations of the step a, the step b, the step c and the step d in the reverse direction.
The invention relates to a method for calibrating the strength of a Q-band receiver, which comprises the following steps:
300K blackbody platform (13) for fixed mounting 300K blackbody (11), the position installation high accuracy temperature sensor of 300K blackbody platform (13) and 300K blackbody (11) contact, be used for the actual physical temperature of accurate acquisition 300K blackbody (11). Because the Q-band receiver and the external intensity calibration system are both arranged in the feed source bin of the radio telescope, the feed source bin is subjected to constant temperature treatment, and the temperature in the bin is kept between 20 ℃ and 25 ℃, the actual physical temperature of the 300K blackbody (11) is kept in the temperature range; the airtight cabin body also can improve the calibration precision of the microwave link of the system without considering the adverse effect of severe conditions such as outdoor rainwater on blackbody corrosion, thereby improving the precision and reliability of test data.
The 400K blackbody cavity (14) is used for fixedly mounting the 400K blackbody (12) in the 400K blackbody cavity, the physical temperature of the blackbody needs to be raised and kept about 400K, the 400K blackbody cavity (14) adopts a sealing design, resistance wires are additionally arranged on the periphery of the 400K blackbody cavity, and a high-precision temperature sensor is mounted on the surface of the 400K blackbody (12) and used for accurately acquiring the actual physical temperature of the 400K blackbody (12); a thermal insulation liner is additionally arranged at the mechanical connection position of the 400K blackbody cavity (14) and the second rotating arm (8), so that the heat transfer between the 400K blackbody cavity (14) and the second rotating arm (8) is isolated, and the rapid dissipation of the physical temperature of the 400K blackbody (12) in normal work is prevented; the 400K blackbody cavity (14) is sealed, brass with good heat conduction performance is arranged at the top of the cavity to serve as a fixing plate of the 400K blackbody (12), the 400K blackbody (12) is installed on the bottom surface of the brass, and resistance wires are additionally installed at the contact position of the top of the 400K blackbody cavity (14) and the brass and around the circular inner wall of the 400K blackbody cavity (14) and are specially used for heating the 400K blackbody cavity (14) and improving the physical temperature of the 400K blackbody (12) inside the 400K blackbody cavity; the heating module of the 400K blackbody cavity (14) is a closed-loop control system, when the temperature sensor of the 400K blackbody cavity (14) detects that the temperature of the blackbody cavity reaches 400K, the resistance wire is stopped to heat, when the temperature sensor of the 400K blackbody cavity (14) detects that the temperature of the blackbody cavity is lower than 395K, the resistance wire is started to heat, and heating is stopped until the temperature of the blackbody cavity reaches 400K, so that circulation is realized.
Compared with the noise injection mode (second-stage calibration source) commonly used by centimeter wave calibration, the method can directly calibrate the receiver system by using the dual-temperature load required by the first-stage calibration at any time during observation without additionally providing the second-stage calibration for the receiver system. In the noise injection mode, the directional coupler required for injecting the second-stage calibration source tends to introduce certain noise to the receiver system itself, and the sensitivity of the receiver system is reduced. The calibration mechanism and the components related to the invention are only used in the calibration process, and are completely separated from the microwave link of the receiver system in the observation process except the calibration process, so that the calibration mechanism and the components do not have any additional influence on the receiver system.
Compared with a chopper wheel calibration mode commonly used by a millimeter wave calibration system, the actual physical temperatures of a 300K blackbody (11) and a 400K blackbody (12) used by the invention can be accurately tested by a high-precision temperature sensor (the precision is 0.25%), while the physical temperature of a normal-temperature blackbody in the traditional chopper wheel calibration mode can be accurately tested, but the sky brightness temperature required by calibration solution can not be accurately measured by a method, and can only be obtained by the existing atmosphere model (the precision is 2% or even lower), so that the final calibration precision of the chopper wheel calibration mode is only 5-10%.
The method for calibrating the strength of the Q-band receiver has the advantages of high precision, good stability and obvious improvement on calibration efficiency, and meets the requirement of quickly calibrating the strength of the Q-band dual-beam receiver in the observation process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the pre-calibration alignment mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a vacuum window according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of two beam feed structures according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a top view of the alignment mechanism after step a is performed in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a top view of the alignment mechanism after step b is performed in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a top view of the alignment mechanism after step c is performed in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a top view of the alignment mechanism after step d is performed in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a top view of the alignment mechanism after performing step a in the reverse direction according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a top view of the alignment mechanism after step b is performed in the reverse direction in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a top view of the alignment mechanism after performing step c in the reverse direction according to the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a top view of the alignment mechanism after step d is performed in the reverse direction.
Detailed Description
Examples
The invention relates to a method for calibrating the strength of a Q-band receiver, which comprises a Dewar 1, a vacuum window 2, a first feed source 3, a second feed source 4, a first rotating shaft 5, a second rotating shaft 6, a first rotating arm 7, a second rotating arm 8, a first motor 9, a second motor 10, a 300K blackbody 11, a 400K blackbody 12, a 300K blackbody platform 13 and a 400K blackbody cavity 14 (shown in figure 1), wherein the vacuum window 2 (shown in figure 3) is arranged at the top of the Dewar 1, the first feed source 3 and the second feed source 4 are arranged in the Dewar 1 in parallel (shown in figure 4), the horn mouth faces of the first feed source 3 and the second feed source 4 face the vacuum window 2 and are flush with the vacuum window, the first motor 9 is connected with the bottom of the first rotating shaft 5, the top of the first rotating shaft 5 is connected with the first rotating arm 7, the other end of the first rotating arm 7 is connected with the 300K blackbody platform 13, a 300K black body 11 is arranged at the lower part of a 300K black body platform 13, a second motor 10 is connected with the bottom of a second rotating shaft 6, the top of the second rotating shaft 6 is connected with a second rotating arm 8, the other end of the second rotating arm 8 is connected with a 400K black body cavity 14, a 400K black body 12 is arranged in the 400K black body cavity 14, a front initial position 15 is positioned at the front end of the Dewar 1, and a rear initial position 16 is positioned at the rear end of the Dewar 1 (as shown in figure 2); before calibration, the default 300K blackbody 11 and the default 400K blackbody 12 are both located at the front initial position 15, and the specific operation is performed according to the following steps:
a. the calibration system monitoring software remotely controls the first motor 9 to rotate, the 300K blackbody 11 rotates 75 degrees counterclockwise from the front initial position 15 to the opening face of the first feed source 3 (as shown in fig. 5), the high-precision temperature sensor tests the actual physical temperature of the 300K blackbody 11 and remotely transmits temperature data to the monitoring software for recording, and the power meter tests the power output of the signal link of the first feed source 3 covered by the 300K blackbody 11 and remotely transmits the power data to the monitoring software for recording;
b. the calibration system monitoring software remotely controls the first motor 9 to rotate, the 300K blackbody 11 rotates 30 degrees counterclockwise from the opening surface of the first feed source 3 to the opening surface of the second feed source 4 (as shown in figure 6), the high-precision temperature sensor tests the actual physical temperature of the 300K blackbody 11 and remotely transmits temperature data to the monitoring software for recording, and the power meter tests the power output of the signal link of the second feed source 4 covered by the 300K blackbody 11 and remotely transmits the power data to the monitoring software for recording; meanwhile, the calibration system monitoring software remotely controls the second motor 10 to rotate, the 400K blackbody 12 rotates 75 degrees clockwise from the initial position 15 of the front side to the mouth face of the first feed source 3 (as shown in fig. 6), the high-precision temperature sensor tests the actual physical temperature of the 400K blackbody 12 and remotely transmits temperature data to the monitoring software for recording, and the power meter tests the power output of the signal link of the first feed source 3 covered by the 400K blackbody 12 and remotely transmits the power data to the monitoring software for recording;
c. the calibration system monitoring software remotely controls the first motor 9 to rotate, and the 300K blackbody 11 rotates 75 degrees counterclockwise from the aperture plane of the second feed source 4 to the initial position 16 (shown in figure 7) at the back side; meanwhile, the calibration system monitoring software remotely controls the second motor 10 to rotate, the 400K blackbody 12 rotates clockwise 30 degrees from the opening surface of the first feed source 3 to the opening surface of the second feed source 4 (as shown in fig. 7), the high-precision temperature sensor tests the actual physical temperature of the 400K blackbody 12 and remotely transmits temperature data to the monitoring software for recording, and the power meter tests the power output of a signal link of the second feed source 4 covered by the 400K blackbody 12 and remotely transmits the power data to the monitoring software for recording;
d. the calibration system monitoring software remotely controls the second motor 10 to rotate, and the 400K blackbody 12 rotates 75 degrees clockwise from the aperture plane of the second feed source 4 to the initial position 16 (as shown in FIG. 8) at the rear side; at the moment, the calibration system monitoring software directly calculates the noise temperature of the receiver by using the temperature value and the power output value accurately tested in the steps a, b and c, and then performs ON/OFF observation ON the radio frequency power supply by using a conventional astronomical observation method to obtain the equivalent temperature value of the radio frequency power supply, and finally is used for intensity calibration of the Q-band receiver;
e. when the 300K blackbody 11 and the 400K blackbody 12 are both located at the rear initial position 16 after one calibration, the new calibration process only needs to perform the operations of step a, step b, step c and step d in the opposite direction (see fig. 9, 10, 11 and 12).
Claims (1)
1. A method for calibrating strength of a Q-band receiver is characterized in that a device related to the method consists of a Dewar, a vacuum window, a first feed source, a second feed source, a first rotating shaft, a second rotating shaft, a first rotating arm, a second rotating arm, a first motor, a second motor, a 300K blackbody, a 400K blackbody, a 300K blackbody platform and a 400K blackbody cavity, wherein the top of the Dewar (1) is provided with the vacuum window (2), the first feed source (3) and the second feed source (4) are arranged in the Dewar (1) in parallel, horn mouth surfaces of the first feed source (3) and the second feed source (4) face to the vacuum window (2) and are flush with the vacuum window, the first motor (9) is connected with the bottom of the first rotating shaft (5), the top of the first rotating shaft (5) is connected with the first rotating arm (7), the other end of the first rotating arm (7) is connected with the 300K blackbody platform (13), the lower part of a 300K blackbody platform (13) is provided with a 300K blackbody (11), a second motor (10) is connected with the bottom of a second rotating shaft (6), the top of the second rotating shaft (6) is connected with a second rotating arm (8), the other end of the second rotating arm (8) is connected with a 400K blackbody cavity (14), a 400K blackbody (12) is arranged in the 400K blackbody cavity (14), a front initial position (15) is positioned at the front end of the Dewar (1), and a rear initial position (16) is positioned at the rear end of the Dewar (1); before calibration, the default 300K blackbody (11) and the default 400K blackbody (12) are both located at the front initial position (15), and the specific operation is carried out according to the following steps:
a. rotating the 300K blackbody (11) from the initial position (15) at the front side by 75 degrees in a counterclockwise manner to the aperture plane of the first feed source (3), and recording the actual physical temperature of the 300K blackbody (11) and the power output of the signal link of the first feed source (3) covered by the actual physical temperature;
b. rotating the 300K blackbody (11) from the aperture plane of the first feed source (3) by 30 degrees in a counterclockwise manner to the aperture plane of the second feed source (4), recording the actual physical temperature of the 300K blackbody (11) and the power output of the signal link of the second feed source (4) covered by the actual physical temperature, and simultaneously rotating the 400K blackbody (12) from the initial position (15) at the front side by 75 degrees in a clockwise manner to the aperture plane of the first feed source (3), and recording the actual physical temperature of the 400K blackbody (12) and the power output of the signal link of the first feed source (3) covered by the actual physical temperature;
c. rotating the 300K blackbody (11) from the aperture plane of the second feed source (4) by 75 degrees in a counterclockwise manner to an initial position (16) at the rear side, simultaneously rotating the 400K blackbody (12) from the aperture plane of the first feed source (3) by 30 degrees in a clockwise manner to the aperture plane of the second feed source (4), and recording the actual physical temperature of the 400K blackbody (12) and the power output of a signal link of the second feed source (4) covered by the actual physical temperature;
d. rotating the 400K blackbody (12) from the aperture plane of the second feed source (4) by 75 degrees clockwise to a rear initial position (16), and directly using the temperature value and the power output value accurately tested in the steps a, b and c for intensity calibration of the Q-band receiver;
e. when the 300K blackbody (11) and the 400K blackbody (12) are both located at the rear initial position (16) after one calibration, a new calibration round only needs to be executed in the reverse direction, and the rotation directions in the steps a, b, c and d are all executed in the reverse direction.
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| CN109302246B (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2020-12-25 | 中国科学院新疆天文台 | K-band receiver noise temperature testing method |
| CN109357784B (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2020-10-09 | 中国科学院新疆天文台 | K-waveband sky brightness temperature testing method |
| CN109991497B (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2020-11-27 | 中国科学院新疆天文台 | Calibration method for dual-beam refrigeration receiver |
| CN110346385B (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2021-11-02 | 中国科学院新疆天文台 | Atmospheric opacity testing method |
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| CN101707272A (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2010-05-12 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十六研究所 | Low-temperature low-loss waveguide coaxial transmission line assembly |
| CN102829874B (en) * | 2012-08-21 | 2014-01-29 | 北京琨奇电子系统有限公司 | Microwave high spectrum radiometer |
| CN103248375B (en) * | 2013-05-28 | 2014-12-24 | 中国科学院新疆天文台 | Short-centimeter-waveband dual-polarized refrigeration receiver dewar |
| CN106908662B (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2019-03-08 | 中国科学院上海天文台 | A kind of high frequency continuous spectrum scanning observation method based on dualbeam difference |
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