CN110887568B - Moon observation system - Google Patents
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- CN110887568B CN110887568B CN201911220794.1A CN201911220794A CN110887568B CN 110887568 B CN110887568 B CN 110887568B CN 201911220794 A CN201911220794 A CN 201911220794A CN 110887568 B CN110887568 B CN 110887568B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a moon observation system which is composed of an astronomical telescope, a foundation microwave radiometer, a two-dimensional scanning mechanism and a controller. The device comprises a two-dimensional turntable, a controller, a ground microwave radiometer, a three-dimensional turntable, a three-dimensional control platform and a control module, wherein the ground microwave radiometer is arranged on the two-dimensional turntable, an astronomical telescope is used for acquiring the pitching angle of the initial position of the moon, the controller is used for calibrating the initial position, and the two-dimensional turntable is controlled to automatically track and scan the trajectory; the moon brightness temperature signal enters the antenna feed system through antenna reflection, enters the radiation receiver after polarization separation, can acquire a voltage acquisition signal and a variance curve in real time after detection, and can calculate a moon brightness temperature value at the same time, thereby effectively improving the test efficiency. The microwave radiometer has certain universality, can be applied to moon bright temperature measurement based on different frequency band foundation microwave radiometers, and explores the stability and time distribution characteristics of microwave radiation characteristics.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of moon observation equipment, and particularly relates to a moon observation system.
Background
The moon is a natural celestial body nearest to the ground, the surface of the moon has excellent radiation stability, and once the change of the radiation quantity of the moon is accurately determined, the moon can be used as a long-term calibration source of a space remote sensor. The lunar soil layer on the lunar surface is impacted by meteorites for a long time and is radiated by solar cosmic rays, and the history of lunar geology and solar radiation activities is stored. Because lunar soil is a low-loss medium, microwave remote sensing can detect the depth of several meters; the passive remote sensing energy consumption is small, and the existing microwave radiation technology can be realized. How to accurately and efficiently measure the lunar surface radiation brightness temperature is an important issue for lunar exploration.
At present, visible spectrum imaging is mainly used for observing the moon domestically and abroad, passive remote sensing observation of foundation microwaves is relatively less, microwave remote sensing utilizes the characteristic of strong penetrability of different frequency bands to the atmosphere, the influence on atmospheric rain and cloud interference is small, the passive remote sensing observation method is suitable for observing the moon by the foundation, and the microwave observation of the foundation has the characteristics of low cost and easiness in realization according to the lunar surface substances observable by the different frequency bands compared with space load detection and visible spectrum imaging of the foundation, and has important significance in accumulating and establishing perfect lunar brightness temperature quantitative data.
The existing testing device for observing the moon brightness temperature by foundation microwave remote sensing has relatively low measurement resolution concentrated on S, X, Ka equal frequency bands, low system stability, influence on testing precision due to self noise, incapability of observing many details on the moon surface, and difficulty in obtaining accurate short-term stable data because only the average moon surface brightness temperature can be obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a moon observation system, which can be used for measuring the moon brightness temperature and improving the moon brightness temperature testing efficiency and precision.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a lunar observation system, comprising:
the astronomical telescope is used for tracking and positioning the pitching angle of the initial position of the moon;
the two-dimensional scanning mechanism is used for automatically tracking the movement track of the moon and scanning the moon;
the ground microwave radiometer is arranged on a rotary table of the two-dimensional scanning mechanism and comprises an antenna, an information unit, a radiation receiver and a test feed source; the antenna receives moon brightness temperature signals, antenna polarization separation is carried out on the brightness temperature signals, the radiation receiver of each frequency point in the corresponding frequency band is selected according to the frequency band of the test feed source, and the radiation receiver carries out filtering and square law detection on the received signals to obtain voltage output signals of each frequency point to serve as detection voltage signals; the information unit receives the detection voltage signal and supplies power to the radiation receiver;
the controller is used for acquiring the pitching angle of the initial moon azimuth acquired by the astronomical telescope, calculating the error between the rotary table and the pitching angle, and controlling the rotary table to calibrate according to the error; during scanning, judging whether the pitch angle exceeds a preset test threshold, and if so, collecting the pitch angle sent by the astronomical telescope at the next observation time point; if the angle does not exceed the preset angle, controlling a rotary table in the two-dimensional scanning mechanism to rotate to a corresponding angle, scanning within the range of +/-2 degrees of the angle by taking the angle position as a center, and observing the moon; after observing for a specified time, controlling the rotary table to return to an initial zero position, and carrying out cold air observation;
the controller is further configured to collect a detection voltage signal generated by the ground-based microwave radiometer according to a formula: calculating a brightness temperature value when V is a + bT; and a and b are calibration coefficients of the foundation microwave radiometer, V is a voltage value output by the foundation microwave radiometer, and T is a moon temperature value.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the optical axis of the astronomical telescope is coaxial with the observation visual axis of the foundation microwave radiometer, and the initial orientation angle of the moon is accurately positioned through the three-star positioning function.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the information unit is externally connected with a primary power supply, and outputs a secondary power supply to supply power to the radiation receiver after being isolated by an internal circuit.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the antenna in the ground-based microwave radiometer is a triple-anti-cassegrain antenna.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the observation frequency point of the foundation microwave radiometer is 50.3GHz, the bandwidth is 180MHz, the calibration precision is 1K, and the width of the observation wave beam is 0.5 degree.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the scanning azimuth angle range of the two-dimensional scanning mechanism is 0-360 degrees, the elevation angle range is-45 degrees to +45 degrees, the maximum load is 200kg, the fastest speed is 5 degrees/s, and the precision can reach 0.01 degrees.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and positive effects:
1) in the lunar observation system in one embodiment of the invention, an astronomical telescope is adopted to obtain the pitching angle of the initial position of the moon, the controller calibrates the initial position, and the turntable is controlled to automatically track and scan the trajectory of the moon; the moon brightness temperature signal enters the antenna feed system through antenna reflection, enters the radiation receiver after polarization separation, can acquire a voltage acquisition signal and a standard variance curve in real time after detection, and simultaneously calculates to obtain a moon brightness temperature value, thereby effectively improving the test efficiency.
2) The lunar observation system in the embodiment of the invention adopts a three-star calibration mode of the astronomical telescope, can accurately read the initial actual azimuth pitching angle of the moon, corrects the angle deviation through the controller, and improves the pointing accuracy of scanning.
3) The lunar observation system in the embodiment of the invention adopts the foundation microwave radiometer with the center frequency point of 50.3GHz and the bandwidth of 180MHz, the sensitivity is 0.5K (the integral time is 120ms), the calibration precision is 1K, the beam width is 0.5 degree, and the lunar observation system has higher measurement resolution and beam pointing precision.
4) According to the moon observation system in the embodiment of the invention, the information unit is externally connected with the primary power supply, and the secondary power supply is output to supply power to the radiation receiver through the isolation of the internal circuit, so that the external interference of the external power supply to the power supply of the radiation receiver is effectively reduced, and the short-term stability of the foundation microwave radiometer is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a lunar observation system in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a ground-based microwave radiometer and a two-dimensional turntable according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1: an astronomical telescope; 2: a foundation microwave radiometer; 201: an antenna; 202: testing the feed source; 203: a radiation receiver; 204: an information unit; 3: a two-dimensional scanning mechanism; 301: a two-dimensional turntable; 302: a servo control system; 4: and a controller.
Detailed Description
The lunar observation system provided by the invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Advantages and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description and from the claims.
The moon observation system provided by the invention comprises: the astronomical telescope 1 is used for tracking and positioning the pitching angle of the initial orientation of the moon.
And the two-dimensional scanning mechanism 3 is used for automatically tracking the movement track of the moon and scanning the moon.
The ground-based microwave radiometer 2 is arranged on a rotary table of the two-dimensional scanning mechanism 3, and the ground-based microwave radiometer 2 comprises an antenna 201, an information unit 204, a radiation receiver 203 and a test feed source 202. The antenna 201 receives moon brightness temperature signals, antenna polarization separation is carried out on the brightness temperature signals, the radiation receiver 203 of each frequency point in the corresponding frequency band is selected according to the frequency band of the test feed source 202, the radiation receiver 203 carries out filtering and square law detection on the received signals, and voltage output signals of each frequency point are obtained and serve as detection voltage signals; the information unit 204 receives the detected voltage signals of the channels in the radiation receiver 203 and supplies power to the radiation receiver 203.
The controller 4 is used for acquiring the pitching angle of the initial moon azimuth acquired by the astronomical telescope 1, calculating the error between the rotary table and the pitching angle, and controlling the rotary table to calibrate according to the error; during scanning, judging whether the pitch angle exceeds a preset test threshold, and if so, acquiring the pitch angle observed by the astronomical telescope 1 at the next observation time point; if the angle does not exceed the preset angle, controlling a turntable in the two-dimensional scanning mechanism 3 to rotate to a corresponding angle, scanning within the range of +/-2 degrees of the angle by taking the angle position as a center, and observing the moon; and after the observation is carried out for a specified time, controlling the rotary table to return to the initial zero position, and carrying out cold air observation.
The controller 4 is further configured to collect a detection voltage signal generated by the ground-based microwave radiometer 2 according to the formula: calculating a brightness temperature value when V is a + bT; wherein, a and b are calibration coefficients of the foundation microwave radiometer 2, V is a voltage value output by the foundation microwave radiometer 2, and T is a moon temperature value.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1. The moon observation system mainly comprises an astronomical telescope 1, a foundation microwave radiometer 2, a two-dimensional scanning mechanism 3 and a controller 4. The two-dimensional scanning mechanism 3 is composed of a servo control system 302 and a two-dimensional rotary table 301; the scanning azimuth angle range is 0-360 degrees, the elevation angle range is-45 degrees- +45 degrees, the maximum load is 200kg, the one-dimensional scanning with the fastest speed of 5 degrees/s can be completed, the scanning is controlled by the controller 4, and the indexing precision can reach 0.01 degrees.
The ground-based microwave radiometer 2 is arranged on the two-dimensional turntable 301 of the two-dimensional scanning mechanism 3. The ground-based microwave radiometer 2 includes an antenna 201, an information unit 204, a radiation receiver 203, and a test feed 202. As shown in FIG. 2, the ground-based microwave radiometer 2 is arranged in an upper layer and a lower layer, wherein the lower layer is provided with an information unit 204, a radiation receiver 203 and a test feed source 202, and the upper layer is provided with an antenna 201. The ground-based microwave radiometer 2 changes the reception beam directivity by two-dimensional rotation of the two-dimensional turntable 301. The antenna 201 is a triple-reverse Cassegrain antenna, moon brightness temperature signals are reflected by the triple-reverse Cassegrain antenna to enter an antenna feed system, the moon brightness temperature signals are subjected to antenna polarization separation, a radiation receiver 203 of each frequency point in a corresponding frequency band is selected according to the frequency band of a test feed source 202, the radiation receiver 203 carries out filtering and square law detection on the received signals, and voltage output signals of each frequency point are obtained and serve as detection voltage signals; the information unit 204 receives the detected voltage signals of the channels in the radiation receiver 203 and supplies power to the radiation receiver 203. The foundation microwave radiometer 2 adopts a 50.3GHz frequency band, a bandwidth of 180MHz, a sensitivity of 0.5K (an integration time of 120ms), a calibration precision of 1K and a beam width of 0.5 degrees, improves a measurement resolution and a beam pointing precision, and has long-term stability. The transmission paths of the remote sensing radiation signal and the cold air background radiation signal are the same, so that the whole-path periodic two-point calibration of the antenna aperture is realized, and the ground-based microwave radiometer 2 has higher test precision and stability.
The controller 4 comprises a voltage acquisition unit and a measurement operating system. The astronomical telescope 1, the foundation microwave radiometer 2 and the two-dimensional scanning mechanism 3 are all electrically connected with the controller 4. The voltage acquisition unit in the controller 4 acquires a voltage detection signal generated by the ground-based microwave radiometer 1, and according to a formula: calculating a brightness temperature value when V is a + bT; wherein, a and b are calibration coefficients of the foundation microwave radiometer 2, V is a voltage value output by the foundation microwave radiometer 2, and T is a moon brightness temperature value. And the measurement operation system receives the lunar azimuth angle information acquired by the astronomical telescope 1 to carry out data acquisition and analysis processing, and controls the two-dimensional rotary table 301 to track and scan the lunar current time position angle. The controller 4 can synchronously control the position of the two-dimensional turntable 301 and collect detection voltage signals of the foundation microwave radiometer 1 in real time, and accurately acquire the moon temperature scanning track.
The working process of the lunar observation system of the present invention is briefly introduced as follows:
when the moon brightness temperature is observed, firstly, a measurement operation system in a controller 4 is started, the optical axis of an astronomical telescope 1 is coaxial with the observation visual axis of a foundation microwave radiometer 2, the moon initial position is locked in a three-star calibration mode, the actual error value of a two-dimensional turntable 301 and the moon azimuth pitching angle at the current moment is obtained, the information of the included error angle is transmitted to the controller 4, and the controller 4 calibrates the two-dimensional turntable 301; the controller 4 obtains the earth-moon angle relative relationship at the observation time through the known moon trajectory, and obtains the actual rotation angle of the two-dimensional turntable 301 at the current time through calculation.
During scanning, the controller 4 firstly reads lunar azimuth angle and pitch angle information corresponding to the observation time point, judges whether the pitch angle exceeds a test threshold range theta to be less than or equal to +/-45 degrees or not, and reads position information of the next observation time point if the pitch angle exceeds the test threshold range; if the angle does not exceed the preset angle, the two-dimensional rotary table 301 is controlled to rotate to a corresponding angle position, one-dimensional scanning within the range of +/-2 degrees is carried out by taking the angle position as the center, the scanning speed is 0.2 degrees/s, and the moon is observed; after the moon is observed for a specified time, the two-dimensional rotary table 301 is controlled to return to the initial zero position, and the astronomical telescope 1 is used for cold air observation; after the cold air observation lasts for 30s, the controller 4 reads the lunar azimuth angle and pitch angle information corresponding to the next observation time point (after 30 s) to perform the next observation until all the effective positions of the moon are read; and calculating and processing the acquired data to generate a moon brightness temperature stability index.
Wherein, the observation comparison of cold space can eliminate the random error of the current pixel.
In conclusion, the lunar observation system provided by the invention is composed of the astronomical telescope 1, the foundation microwave radiometer 2, the two-dimensional scanning mechanism 3 and the controller 4, and the system is simple in structure and easy to realize. The ground-based microwave radiometer 2 is arranged on the two-dimensional rotary table 301, the astronomical telescope 1 is used for acquiring the pitching angle of the initial position of the moon, the controller 4 is used for calibrating the initial position, and the two-dimensional rotary table 301 is controlled to automatically track and scan the moon track; moon brightness temperature signals are reflected by the antenna 201 to enter the antenna feed system, enter the radiation receiver 203 after polarization separation, can acquire voltage acquisition signals and a standard variance curve in real time after being detected by the radiation receiver 203, can calculate a moon brightness temperature value at the same time, and effectively improves the test efficiency. The method has certain universality, can be applied to moon brightness temperature measurement based on the foundation microwave radiometer 2 with different frequency bands, and explores the stability and the time distribution characteristic of the microwave radiation characteristic.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Even if various changes are made to the present invention, it is still within the scope of the present invention if they fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. A lunar observation system, comprising:
the astronomical telescope is used for tracking and positioning the pitching angle of the initial position of the moon;
the two-dimensional scanning mechanism is used for automatically tracking the movement track of the moon and scanning the moon;
the ground microwave radiometer is arranged on a rotary table of the two-dimensional scanning mechanism and comprises an antenna, an information unit, a radiation receiver and a test feed source; the antenna receives moon brightness temperature signals, antenna polarization separation is carried out on the brightness temperature signals, the radiation receiver of each frequency point in the corresponding frequency band is selected according to the frequency band of the test feed source, and the radiation receiver carries out filtering and square law detection on the received signals to obtain voltage output signals of each frequency point to serve as detection voltage signals; the information unit receives the detection voltage signal and supplies power to the radiation receiver;
the controller is used for acquiring the pitching angle of the initial moon azimuth acquired by the astronomical telescope, calculating the error between the rotary table and the pitching angle, and controlling the rotary table to calibrate according to the error; during scanning, judging whether the pitch angle exceeds a preset test threshold, and if so, collecting the pitch angle sent by the astronomical telescope at the next observation time point; if the moon observation angle does not exceed the preset angle, controlling a turntable in the two-dimensional scanning mechanism to rotate to the pitching angle of the moon observation position at the current time point, and scanning within the range of +/-2 degrees of the pitching angle by taking the pitching angle position as the center to observe the moon; after observing for a specified time, controlling the rotary table to return to an initial zero position, and carrying out cold air observation;
the controller is further configured to collect a detection voltage signal generated by the ground-based microwave radiometer according to a formula: calculating a brightness temperature value when V is a + bT; and a and b are calibration coefficients of the foundation microwave radiometer, V is a voltage value output by the foundation microwave radiometer, and T is a moon temperature value.
2. The lunar observation system according to claim 1, wherein the optical axis of the astronomical telescope is coaxial with the observation visual axis of the ground-based microwave radiometer, and the initial azimuth angle of the moon is precisely positioned through a three-star positioning function.
3. The lunar observation system according to claim 1, wherein the information unit is externally connected with a primary power supply, and after being isolated by an internal circuit, outputs a secondary power supply to supply power to the radiation receiver.
4. The lunar observation system according to claim 1, wherein the antenna in the ground-based microwave radiometer is a triple-anti-cassegrain antenna.
5. The lunar observation system according to claim 1, wherein the observation frequency point of the ground-based microwave radiometer is 50.3GHz, the bandwidth is 180MHz, the calibration accuracy is 1K, and the width of the observation beam is 0.5 degrees.
6. The lunar observation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the scanning azimuth angle range of the two-dimensional scanning mechanism is 0 to 360 °, the elevation angle range is-45 ° to +45 °, the maximum load is 200kg, the fastest speed is 5 °/s, and the accuracy can reach 0.01 °.
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| CN112485738B (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2022-09-20 | 国家卫星气象中心(国家空间天气监测预警中心) | Method, system and apparatus for testing stability of stationary orbit microwave radiometer system |
| CN112578327B (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2023-09-12 | 深圳市通用测试系统有限公司 | Calibration method, device and storage medium of spherical scanning test system |
| CN112866899B (en) * | 2021-01-04 | 2022-07-05 | 上海航天测控通信研究所 | Man-machine cooperation oriented lunar communication and navigation integration realization method and device |
| CN113340281B (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2022-05-03 | 北方天穹信息技术（西安）有限公司 | Method for passively measuring earth orbit eccentricity by using microwave radiometer |
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