CN109350747A - 一种zl006环己酯聚合物纳米递药系统及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种zl006环己酯聚合物纳米递药系统及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种ZL006环己酯聚合物纳米递药系统及其制备方法,该纳米递药系统由聚合物和ZL006环己酯组成,聚合物材料和ZL006环己酯的重量比为5~15:1。所述的ZL006环己酯聚合物纳米递药系统可以通过乳化溶剂挥发法制备得到。本发明ZL006环己酯聚合物纳米递送系统粒径小,包封率高,载药量大,有效提高了ZL006环己酯的溶解度。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药技术领域,具体涉及一种ZL006环己酯聚合物纳米载体及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着人类社会的不断进步,社会老龄化问题日趋严重,脑血管疾病发生率也在逐年增加,并已成为当前老年人疾病防治的重点。其中脑卒中是严重危害人类健康和生命安全的常见的难治性疾病,存在着明显四高(发病率高、致残率高、死亡率高和复发率高)现象,被列为人类仅次于心血管疾病和恶性肿瘤的第三大杀手。临床上87%的脑卒中属于缺血性脑卒中,所以,对缺血性脑卒中的药物治疗研究具有重大的临床意义。
脑组织在缺血条件下,兴奋性氨基酸(如谷氨酸)过度释放,引起N-甲基-D天门冬氨酸受体(NMDAR)过度激活,导致通过NMDAR-PSD-95-nNOS途径病理性一氧化氮(NO)释放增多,提示缺血性脑卒中的产生可能与细胞浆内的nNOS和细胞膜上新PSD95结合增多有关。现有技术文件【Nat Med.2010,16(12):1439-1443】公开了一种nNOS-PSD-95分子解偶联剂(ZL006),其化学名为4-(2-羟基-3,5-二氯苄胺基)-2-羟基苯甲酸。研究表明,ZL006能够有效抑制nNOS从细胞浆到细胞膜的转位,抑制NO的病理性释放,对谷氨酸刺激下的神经细胞损伤显示出明显的神经保护作用,改善中脑动脉闭塞(MCAO)再灌注动物神经缺陷症状、缩小梗死容积。同时,ZL006避免了直接干预NMDAR、nNOS可能引起的学习记忆障碍、行为异常等副作用,具有很高的安全性。由于ZL006的极性过大,在生理环境下容易解离,导致透过血脑屏障(BBB)能力非常有限,对其发挥治疗作用有一定程度的限制。因此,现有公开技术文件【Bioorg Med Chem Lett.2016,26(9):2152-2155】通过对其结构修饰,优化筛选了一种ZL006的衍生物,其化学名为4-(2-羟基-3,5-二氯苄胺基)-2-羟基苯甲酸环己酯(简称ZL006环己酯),使其增加脑组织的分布。结构如图1所示。然而,ZL006环己酯溶解度非常差,严重影响其后续制剂的开发。此外,ZL006环己酯是通过前药技术,提高分子的脂溶性从而增加BBB(blood-brain barrier脑血屏障)的渗透性。但是这样一来,ZL006环己酯提高BBB渗透性的同时,对机体其他生物膜也无选择性地渗透,可能造成ZL006环己酯在非靶组织的分布而带来不可预测的脱靶毒性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是,鉴于目前ZL006环己酯溶解性差及体内分布选择性差等缺陷,提供一种ZL006环己酯聚合物纳米粒载体,该载体可以显著提高ZL006环己酯的溶解度,增强其稳定性,通过本发明方法制备的聚合物纳米载体具有较高的包封率和载药量,有效地实现ZL006环己酯药物递送,提高治疗效果。
而且,本发明选择了合适的方法将ZL006环己酯制成聚合物纳米粒后,不仅可以有效解决ZL006环己酯的溶解性差的问题,后期可以对其进行靶向修饰,以提高其抗缺血性脑卒中作用同时,减少非靶组织的分布。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种ZL006环己酯聚合物纳米递药系统,该递药系统由聚合物材料和ZL006环己酯组成,聚合物材料和ZL006环己酯的重量比为5~15:1。该纳米载体具有规整的球形外观,平均粒径在102±15nm。
优选上述聚合物材料和ZL006环己酯的重量比为5:1。
上述聚合物材料优选为2-乙氧基丙烯缩合葡聚糖(m-Dextran)、聚乳酸(PLA)、聚乳酸-羟基乙酸(PLGA)、聚己内酯(PCL)、聚乙二醇聚乳酸共聚物(PEG-PLA)、聚乙二醇聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PEG-PLGA)、聚乙二醇聚己内酯共聚物(PEG-PCL)等材料中的一种或几种的混合物。最优选2-乙氧基丙烯缩合葡聚糖。
ZL006环己酯以物理包裹的方式包载在纳米递送系统中。
2-乙氧基丙烯缩合葡聚糖可以市售获得,也可以按照文献如J.AM.CHEM.SOC.2008,130,10494–10495公开的方法制备得到。优选2-乙氧基丙烯缩合葡聚糖制备步骤是:将葡聚糖溶于二甲亚砜中,依次加入乙氧基丙烯和对甲苯磺酸吡啶盐,通氮气反应后,室温搅拌,加三乙胺终止反应,得到2-乙氧基丙烯缩合葡聚糖。
ZL006环己酯聚合物纳米递药系统可以由乳化溶剂挥发法制备获得,其制备步骤是:将ZL006环己酯、聚合物材料溶解于二氯甲烷中,混合均匀,得到有机相,把有机相加入到含有3%PVA的PBS溶液中,超声乳化后再分散到含有0.3%PVA的PBS溶液中,持续搅拌至二氯甲烷挥发完全,得到所述ZL006环己酯聚合物纳米递药系统。
所述含有3%PVA的PBS溶液和0.3%PVA的PBS溶液所用的PBS溶液为pH=7.4,摩尔浓度为10mM的磷酸盐缓冲液,制备聚合物纳米粒时3%PVA溶液与二氯甲烷的体积比为2~4:1。
聚合物纳米载体溶液可以通过高速离心法除去乳化剂和残留有机溶剂,所述得到的聚合物纳米递药系统的包封率平均90%以上,最高达到95.99%;载药量(质量)平均10%以上,最高可达14.07%。
与现有技术比较本发明有益效果是:
(1)本发明构建的ZL006环己酯聚合物纳米递药系统,利用ZL006环己酯脂溶性大的性能,将其物理包裹于聚合物纳米的核心中,通过疏水作用,使得药物包封能力大,稳定性好。
(2)本发明构建的聚合物纳米递药系统使得载药量高达14.07%,同时将ZL006环己酯的溶解度提高了2000倍,有利于后续ZL006环己酯制剂开发;本发明制备出的ZL006环己酯聚合物纳米递药系统可将粒径控制在102±15nm,具有较好的稳定性。
(3)本发明采用乳化溶剂挥发法制备聚合物纳米递药系统,方法简单易行,成本低。特别是在制备过程中,采用PBS溶液作为乳化剂PVA溶剂,这与传统的制备方法中用水作为乳化剂的溶剂不同。由于PVA具有一定的酸性(PH为4.5-6.5),PBS具有适宜pH缓冲作用,所以PBS作为溶剂有效的改变了PVA溶液的酸性环境,避免了制备过程中由于溶液酸度过高对纳米粒制备造成的影响。
(4)针对本发明构建的ZL006环己酯聚合物纳米递药系统,易于对其表面进行灵活的靶向修饰,提高ZL006环己酯的体内循环时间和缺血病灶的靶向分布,有效降低ZL006环己酯的脱靶分布与毒性。
附图说明
图1是载体材料(m-Dextran)的分子式(上)与核磁共振图谱(下)。
图2是ZL006环己酯m-Dextran聚合物纳米递药系统的透射电镜图。
图3是ZL006环己酯m-Dextran聚合物纳米递药系统的体外释放曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例和附图对本发明作进一步的阐述,具体实施例是在本发明的优选条件下进行。所述方法如无特别说明均为常规方法,所述原材料如无特别说明均能从公开商业途径而得。
实施例1:载体材料m-Dextran的制备与表征
取1.0g葡聚糖(Mn~9-11kDa)加入到烘干的圆底烧瓶内,并用氮气吹干。加入10mL无水二甲亚砜,搅拌至葡聚糖充分溶解。先后加入4.16mL(37mmoL)乙氧基丙烯和15.6mg(0.062mmoL)对甲苯磺酸吡啶盐(PPTS)。反应液通氮气,吹2-3min后,用封口膜密封以防止溶剂挥发。室温搅拌30min即得到m-Dextran,此时加入1mL三乙胺以终止反应。反应得到白色沉淀,用碱性水溶液(pH~8)冲洗3次以防止降解,高速离心(8000rpm,15min)纯化产物。冻干去除多余的水分,得到白色固体产物(m-Dextran)。核磁共振仪检测其核磁氢谱,见图1。
实施例2:ZL006环己酯聚合物纳米递药系统的制备与表征
取神经保护剂ZL006环己酯4mg和实施例1制备的m-Dextran 20mg于15mL离心管内,加入2mL二氯甲烷,涡旋至完全溶解,加入3%PBS(pH7.4)配制的PVA溶液4mL。超声波细胞粉碎仪冰浴超声(35%功率,超声2s/停2s,5min)。将超声后的白色乳液缓慢导入,高速搅拌(800rpm)中的0.3%PBS(pH7.4)配制的PVA溶液15mL中。持续搅拌约1-2h后,二氯甲烷挥发完全,溶液澄清透明,呈蓝色纳米粒乳光。高速离心(12000rpm,40min),弃上清,加水复溶,重复2-3次以洗去乳化剂,最终分散于1mL去离子水中,得到聚合物纳米载体溶液即聚合物纳米递药系统。用透射电镜表征其形态见图3。图3中显示透射电镜下观察该聚合物纳米递药系统具有规整的球形外观,大小均匀,粒径在100nm左右。激光粒度分析表明,所得聚合物纳米递药系统平均粒径为102±15nm,多分散性为0.012。
实施例3:ZL006环己酯聚合物纳米递药系统的包封率(EE%)和载药量(DL%)测定
(1)HPLC法建立ZL006标准曲线:
色谱条件,色谱柱:HanbonPhecda C18(4.6mm×150mm,5μm;江苏汉邦科技有限公司);流动相:甲醇-水(90:10;v/v);流速:1.0mL/min;紫外检测波长:311nm;柱温:30℃;进样量20μL。
标准曲线绘制:精密称定在105℃干燥至恒重的ZL006环己酯0.0252g于50mL容量瓶,用流动相稀释至刻度,得浓度约为504μg/mL的标准贮备液。分别精密移取0.05、0.1、0.2、0.5、1.0、2.0、5.0、8.0、10.0mL的系列贮备液于50mL容量瓶中,流动相稀释至刻度,得1.0、2.0、5.0、10.0、20.0、50.0、80.0和100.0μg/mL样品液,再分别精密量取上述各液20μL注入高效液相色谱仪,记录峰面积。以峰面积值A为纵坐标,进样量浓度C为横坐标作图,得到回归方程:
Y=78.336C-123.73
式中:Y为峰面积,C为ZL006环己酯浓度(μg/mL)。
(2)包封率(EE%)和载药量(DL%)计算:
EE%=聚合物纳米递药系统中的ZL006环己酯量/ZL006环己酯投药量×100%
DL%=聚合物纳米递药系统中的ZL006环己酯量/(ZL006环己酯量+聚合物材料量)×100%
测得实施例2中通过乳化溶剂挥发法制备获得的ZL006环己酯量的包封率(EE%):91.83%;载药量(质量)(DL%):14.07%。
实施例4:ZL006环己酯聚合物纳米递药系统的体外释放
精密移取制备的ZL006环己酯聚合物纳米递药系统溶液2mL(含ZL006环己酯2.5mg)于已处理好的透析袋中,两端用绳子系紧后放入装有50mL释放介质(加入0.5%吐温80醋酸盐缓冲液,pH为5.6以及pH为7.4)的锥形瓶中,摇床37℃条件下恒温振荡,转速为160rpm,分别于0.5、1、2、4、6、8、12、24h取介质0.5mL,同时补加相同温度相同体积的新鲜释放介质。取出的介质经0.22μm的微孔滤膜过滤后,采用HPLC测定。
计算累积释放量(Qn):
计算累积释放百分率(F%):F%=Qn/C0×100%
式中Qn为各时间点的累积释放量;F%为各时间点的累积释放百分率;Cn为第n个取样时间点的实测药物浓度;V0为溶出介质总体积;Vi为每次取样体积;Ci为第i个取样时间点实测药物浓度;C0为总药物浓度。
以时间t(h)为横坐标,释放百分率F(%)为纵坐标,作出ZL006环己酯聚合物纳米粒在两种pH介质中的释放曲线,见图3。
由图3可知,在两种不同的pH介质中,ZL006环己酯聚合物纳米递药系统在pH为5.6时释放药物明显要优于pH为7.4时,24h药物已基本完全释放,pH为5.6时释放速度快且释放量较高,24h的累计释放百分率达85.2%,pH为7.4时释放速度相对比较慢且释放量低,24h的累计释放百分率为28.6%。
实施例5:ZL006环己酯溶解度及ZL006环己酯m-Dextran纳米递药系统药物浓度测定
称取ZL006环己酯约10mg,分散在10mL去离子水,然而置于37°水浴摇床,使其充分溶解。24小时后取出,10000rpm高速离心,取上清,0.22μm过滤后,取续滤液,HPLC测定ZL006环己酯的饱和溶解度。
取神经保护剂ZL006环己酯10mg和m-Dextran聚合物材料50mg于50mL离心管内,加入5mL二氯甲烷,涡旋至完全溶解,加入3%PBS(pH7.4)配制的PVA溶液10mL。超声波细胞粉碎仪冰浴超声(35%功率,超声2s/停2s,15min)。将超声后的白色乳液缓慢导入,高速搅拌(800rpm)中的0.3%PBS(pH7.4)配制的PVA溶液35mL中。持续搅拌约1-2h后,二氯甲烷挥发完全,溶液澄清透明,呈蓝色纳米粒乳光。高速离心(30000g,60min),弃上清,加水复溶,重复2-3次以洗去乳化剂,最后超声分散于2mL去离子水中,得到聚合物纳米载体溶液。加入8mL甲醇破乳,10000rpm高速离心,取上清,0.22μm过滤后,取续滤液,HPLC测定ZL006环己酯的浓度。
实验结果显示,ZL006环己酯在水中的饱和溶解度约为2.3μg/mL,而ZL006环己酯聚合物纳米载体溶液中ZL006环己酯浓度约4.5mg/mL。由此可见,ZL006环己酯经过包载在聚合物纳米递药系统中,其溶解度大约提高了2000倍。
对比例1:ZL006环己酯聚己内酯纳米粒溶液的制备及药物浓度测定
取神经保护剂ZL006环己酯10mg和聚己内酯聚合物材料50mg于50mL离心管内,加入5mL二氯甲烷,涡旋至完全溶解,加入3%PBS(pH7.4)配制的PVA溶液10mL。超声波细胞粉碎仪冰浴超声(35%功率,超声2s/停2s,15min)。将超声后的白色乳液缓慢导入,高速搅拌(800rpm)中的0.3%PBS(pH7.4)配制的PVA溶液35mL中。持续搅拌约1-2h后,二氯甲烷挥发完全,溶液澄清透明,呈蓝色纳米粒乳光。高速离心(30000g,60min),弃上清,加水复溶,重复2-3次以洗去乳化剂,最后超声分散于2mL去离子水中,得到聚己内酯聚合物纳米溶液。加入8mL甲醇破乳,10000rpm高速离心,取上清,0.22μm过滤后,取续滤液,HPLC测定ZL006环己酯的浓度。
结果显示,该纳米粒溶液中ZL006环己酯的浓度为2.1mg/mL。与ZL006环己酯水溶液相比,其溶解度也有大幅度提高。但相对于m-Dextran聚合物纳米递药系统,其增溶效果明显不足。其中可能的原因是m-Dextran聚合物的环状结构侧链与ZL006环己酯分子中的三个环互相嵌合,可以将药物分子牢固锁在其网状内核中。
Claims (9)
1.一种ZL006环己酯聚合物纳米递药系统,其特征在于:该递药系统由聚合物材料和ZL006环己酯组成,聚合物材料和ZL006环己酯的重量比为5~15:1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的ZL006环己酯聚合物纳米递药系统,其特征在于:所述聚合物材料和ZL006环己酯的重量比为5:1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的ZL006环己酯聚合物纳米递药系统,ZL006环己酯聚合物纳米粒,其特征在于:所述聚合物材料为2-乙氧基丙烯缩合葡聚糖、聚乳酸、聚乳酸-羟基乙酸、聚己内酯、聚乙二醇聚乳酸共聚物、聚乙二醇聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物、聚乙二醇聚己内酯共聚物中的一种或几种的混合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的ZL006环己酯聚合物纳米递药系统,其特征在于:ZL006环己酯聚合物纳米粒的平均粒径为87-117nm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的ZL006环己酯聚合物纳米递药系统,环己酯聚合物纳米粒,其特征在于:所述聚合物材料为2-乙氧基丙烯缩合葡聚糖。
6.根据权利要求5所述的ZL006环己酯聚合物纳米粒,其特征在于所述聚合物2-乙氧基丙烯缩合葡聚糖制备步骤是:将葡聚糖溶于二甲亚砜中,依次加入乙氧基丙烯和对甲苯磺酸吡啶盐,通氮气反应后,室温搅拌,加三乙胺终止反应,得到2-乙氧基丙烯缩合葡聚糖。
7.根据权利要求1所述的ZL006环己酯聚合物纳米递药系统,其特征在于:ZL006环己酯以物理包裹的方式包载在纳米递送系统中。
8.一种权利要求1-7任意一项权利要求所述的ZL006环己酯聚合物纳米递药系统的制备方法,其特征在于该方法包括以下步骤:将ZL006环己酯、聚合物材料溶解于二氯甲烷中,混合均匀,得到有机相,把有机相加入到质量浓度为3%PVA的PBS溶液中,超声乳化后再分散到0.3%PVA的PBS溶液中,持续搅拌至二氯甲烷挥发完全,得到所述ZL006环己酯聚合物纳米递药系统。
9.根据权利要求8所述的ZL006环己酯聚合物纳米递药系统的制备方法,其特征在于:所述PBS溶液为pH=7.4,浓度为10mM的磷酸盐缓冲液;制备聚合物纳米粒时3%PVA的PBS溶液与二氯甲烷的体积比为2~4:1。
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