CN109349006B - Efficient flammulina velutipes harvesting-waste recycling system and method - Google Patents
Efficient flammulina velutipes harvesting-waste recycling system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109349006B CN109349006B CN201811159535.8A CN201811159535A CN109349006B CN 109349006 B CN109349006 B CN 109349006B CN 201811159535 A CN201811159535 A CN 201811159535A CN 109349006 B CN109349006 B CN 109349006B
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- cultivation bottle
- conveyor
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- needle mushroom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/70—Harvesting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/80—Accessories for use after harvesting, e.g. scrapers
Abstract
The utility model relates to the technical field of flammulina velutipes factory cultivation equipment, in particular to a high-efficiency flammulina velutipes harvesting-waste recycling system and method. The efficient flammulina velutipes harvesting-waste recycling system comprises a harvesting room, a recycling room and a cultivation bottle group, wherein a flammulina velutipes harvesting device is arranged in the harvesting room, a waste recycling device is arranged in the recycling room, and the flammulina velutipes harvesting device is connected with the waste recycling device through a cultivation bottle conveyor; the needle mushroom harvesting device comprises a finished product needle mushroom conveyor, a needle mushroom root conveyor, a harvesting device rack, a cutting device and a needle mushroom root taking-out device; the waste recycling device comprises a pneumatic cultivation bottle cleaning device and a waste conveyor, wherein the pneumatic cultivation bottle cleaning device comprises a recycling device frame, a cultivation bottle group overturning device, an air injection device and a cultivation bottle rotary driving device. The efficient flammulina velutipes harvesting-waste recycling system can reduce damage to flammulina velutipes quality in the harvesting process, improve production efficiency, prevent air injection pipes from being damaged and improve cleaning effect.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of flammulina velutipes factory cultivation equipment, in particular to a high-efficiency flammulina velutipes harvesting-waste recycling system and method.
Background
The industrial production of flammulina velutipes begins in the 60 s of the 20 th century and is mainly divided into a bag cultivation mode and a bottle cultivation mode, wherein the bottle cultivation mode has the advantages of high mechanization and automation degree, easy control of temperature, humidity, illumination and other conditions in cultivation and the like. The needle mushroom bottle cultivation is to take cultivation bottles as cultivation containers, take a plurality of (generally 16) cultivation bottles carried by a transfer basket as a bottle cultivation unit, and sequentially perform bottling, sterilization, inoculation, fungus growing management, fungus scratching treatment, fruiting management, harvesting packaging and waste recycling treatment through a conveyor.
At present, most of harvesting of bottle cultivated flammulina velutipes is completed manually, a worker pulls flammulina velutipes out of a cultivation bottle, roots of flammulina velutipes which are easy to lignify are cut off, and finished flammulina velutipes and flammulina velutipes roots after the roots are cut off are respectively placed on two conveyors for further treatment. The manual needle mushroom pulling-out method has the advantages that the degree of automation is low, the working efficiency is low, and the needle mushroom can be extruded in the needle mushroom pulling-out process, so that the quality of the needle mushroom is affected. The utility model patent with the application number of 2016610310330. X discloses an automatic harvesting and root cutting machine for bottle cultivated mushrooms, which realizes automatic harvesting and root cutting of flammulina velutipes, but has the following disadvantages: (1) The needle mushrooms are pulled out of the cultivation bottle through the clamping plates, and the needle mushrooms are extruded in the process, so that the quality of the needle mushrooms is affected; (2) The flammulina velutipes is harvested one by cutting roots, the cultivation bottles need to be taken out one by one from the transferring basket and placed on the conveying line of the mushroom bottles, after harvesting, the cultivation bottles discharged from the empty bottle conveying line are placed in the transferring basket one by one, so that the next cultivation bottles and waste materials are recovered, and the production efficiency is low.
After the flammulina velutipes is harvested, the cultivation bottle can be recycled, and the waste can be used as an organic fertilizer, a biofuel or an animal feed additive, so that the cultivation bottle and the waste are required to be recycled. The utility model patent with the application number of 201120360185.9 discloses a pneumatic bottle digger, and this pneumatic bottle digger utilizes compressed air to discharge the waste material in the cultivation bottle, can not cause the harm to the cultivation bottle, and degree of automation is high, however, this pneumatic bottle digger has following shortcoming: (1) In order to prevent the air ejector from blocking the discharged waste from smoothly falling onto the waste conveying unit below, the air ejector is generally L-shaped and installed on a box body of the air ejector unit (see an attached drawing 9 with the application number of 201410173943.4 and the name of pneumatic bottle digging equipment for mushroom cultivation pot bottles), and the cultivation material is extruded during bottling and has certain hardness, so that the air ejector is subjected to larger resistance in the process of inserting the waste, the horizontal part of the air ejector is stressed and bent, and the normal use of the equipment is affected; (2) In order to enable the air jet pipe to be smoothly inserted into the waste, the outer diameter of the air jet pipe is smaller, and the thick waste is difficult to break thoroughly in the air jet bottle digging process, so that the cleaning is incomplete.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to solve the defects in the prior art, and provides a high-efficiency flammulina velutipes harvesting-waste recycling system which can reduce the damage to flammulina velutipes quality in the harvesting process, improve the production efficiency, prevent the damage of an air jet pipe and improve the cleaning effect.
The technical problems to be solved by the utility model are realized by adopting the following technical scheme: the efficient flammulina velutipes harvesting-waste recycling system comprises a harvesting room, a recycling room and a cultivation bottle group, wherein a flammulina velutipes harvesting device is arranged in the harvesting room, a waste recycling device is arranged in the recycling room, and the flammulina velutipes harvesting device is connected with the waste recycling device through a cultivation bottle conveyor; the cultivation bottle group comprises cultivation bottles and a transfer basket;
the needle mushroom harvesting device comprises a finished product needle mushroom conveyor, a needle mushroom root conveyor, a harvesting device rack, a cutting device and a needle mushroom root taking-out device; the cultivation bottle conveyor is provided with a first pressing plate and a first pressing plate driving cylinder, the first pressing plate is vertically and slidably arranged on the cultivation bottle conveyor, the first pressing plate is provided with a cultivation bottle positioning hole, and the first pressing plate driving cylinder is used for driving the first pressing plate to lift; the finished product flammulina velutipes conveyor and the flammulina velutipes root conveyor are respectively positioned at two sides of the cultivation bottle conveyor; the cutting device is positioned above the cultivation bottle conveyor and the finished flammulina velutipes conveyor and comprises a first sliding block, a first screw rod driving motor, a cutter and a cutter overturning motor; the first lead screw is arranged on the harvesting device frame, the axis of the first lead screw is in a horizontal direction, the first sliding block is horizontally and slidably arranged on the harvesting device frame and is in threaded connection with the first lead screw, and the first lead screw driving motor is connected with the first lead screw; the cutter is pivoted to the first sliding block, and the cutter overturning motor is used for driving the cutter to overturn; the needle mushroom root taking-out device is positioned above the cultivation bottle conveyor and the needle mushroom root conveyor and comprises a second sliding block, a second screw rod driving motor, a negative pressure suction pipe mounting bracket lifting cylinder, a negative pressure suction pipe and a sucker; the second lead screw is arranged on the harvesting device frame, the axis of the second lead screw is in a horizontal direction, the second sliding block can be horizontally and slidably arranged on the harvesting device frame and is in threaded connection with the second lead screw, and the second lead screw driving motor is connected with the second lead screw; the negative pressure suction pipe mounting bracket is vertically and slidably arranged on the second sliding block, the negative pressure suction pipe mounting bracket lifting cylinder is used for driving the negative pressure suction pipe mounting bracket to vertically slide, the negative pressure suction pipe is arranged on the negative pressure suction pipe mounting bracket, and the sucker is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the negative pressure suction pipe;
the waste recycling device comprises a pneumatic cultivation bottle cleaning device and a waste conveyor, wherein the pneumatic cultivation bottle cleaning device comprises a recycling device frame, a cultivation bottle group overturning device, an air injection device and a cultivation bottle rotary driving device; the cultivation bottle group overturning device comprises an L-shaped bent arm, an L-shaped bent arm overturning motor, a second pressing plate and a second pressing plate driving cylinder; the L-shaped bent arm is pivoted on the recovery device frame, and the L-shaped bent arm overturning motor is used for driving the L-shaped bent arm to overturn; the second pressing plate is slidably arranged on the L-shaped bent arm, a cultivation bottle positioning hole is formed in the second pressing plate, and the second pressing plate driving cylinder is used for driving the second pressing plate to tightly press and fix the cultivation bottle group on the L-shaped bent arm; the air injection device is positioned below the cultivation bottle group overturning device and comprises a box body, a box body lifting cylinder, an air injection pipe and a hollow drill bit; the box body is vertically and slidably arranged on the recovery device rack, the air ejector tube is fixedly arranged in the box body, and the hollow drill bit is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the air ejector tube; the cultivation bottle rotation driving device is positioned above the cultivation bottle group overturning device and comprises a rotation shaft mounting bracket, a rotation shaft mounting bracket lifting cylinder, a rotation shaft, a friction disc and a rotation shaft driving motor; the rotating shaft mounting bracket can be vertically and slidably mounted on the recovery device frame, and the rotating shaft mounting bracket lifting cylinder is used for driving the rotating shaft mounting bracket to lift; the rotating shaft is vertically arranged on the rotating shaft mounting bracket, and the friction disc is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the rotating shaft;
the bottom of the transfer basket is provided with a friction disk passing hole, and the negative pressure suction pipe, the air ejector pipe, the friction disk and the friction disk passing hole are all corresponding to the cultivation bottle.
The technical scheme of the utility model is as follows: the cultivation bottle conveyor is provided with an air knife, and the air knife is positioned at the downstream of the pneumatic cultivation bottle cleaning device along the conveying direction of the cultivation bottle conveyor. By adopting the technical scheme, the air knife can further clean the waste attached to the cultivation bottle group, and the cleaning effect is improved.
The technical scheme of the utility model is as follows: the cultivation bottle group comprises sixteen cultivation bottles, and sixteen cultivation bottles are arranged in four rows and four columns in the transfer basket; sixteen rotating shafts are arranged and are arranged in four rows and four columns and are arranged on the rotating shaft mounting bracket, adjacent rotating shafts in the same row are connected through a belt transmission mechanism, and one rotating shaft in each row is connected with a rotating shaft driving motor. Because the adjacent rotating shafts in the same row are connected through the belt transmission mechanism, the number of the rotating shaft driving motors is reduced, and the cost is reduced.
The technical scheme of the utility model is as follows: guard plates are arranged on two sides of the cutter. By adopting the technical scheme, the guard board can prevent needle mushrooms from falling from the cutter.
The technical scheme of the utility model is as follows: the cultivation bottle conveyor is a roller conveyor, the finished product flammulina velutipes conveyor and the flammulina velutipes root conveyor are both belt conveyors, and the waste material conveyor is a scraper conveyor.
The method for performing needle mushroom harvesting and waste recovery by using the high-efficiency needle mushroom harvesting-waste recovery system comprises the following steps:
A. the cultivation bottle conveyor conveys the cultivation bottle group to a needle mushroom harvesting device in a harvesting room, the cultivation bottle group is fixed on the cultivation bottle conveyor by a first pressing plate, a first screw drive motor drives a first sliding block to horizontally move through a first screw, a part, above a bottle opening of the cultivation bottle, of the needle mushrooms is cut, and finished needle mushrooms with the roots cut off are located on a cutter;
B. the first lead screw driving motor drives the first sliding block to horizontally move to the upper part of the finished needle mushroom conveyor through the first lead screw, the cutter overturning motor drives the cutter to overturn to an inclined state, and the finished needle mushrooms are dumped on the finished needle mushroom conveyor;
C. the second screw driving motor drives the second sliding block to horizontally move to the upper part of the cultivation bottle through the second screw, the negative pressure straw mounting bracket lifting cylinder drives the negative pressure straw mounting bracket to move downwards, the lower end of the sucker is in contact with the needle mushroom root in the cultivation bottle, and the negative pressure straw sucks the needle mushroom root by utilizing negative pressure;
D. the negative pressure suction pipe mounting bracket lifting cylinder drives the negative pressure suction pipe mounting bracket to move upwards, the second screw drive motor drives the second sliding block to horizontally move to the position above the needle mushroom root conveyor through the second screw, and the negative pressure suction pipe places the needle mushroom root on the needle mushroom root conveyor;
E. the cultivation bottle group containing the waste is conveyed to a pneumatic cultivation bottle cleaning device in the recycling room by a cultivation bottle conveyor, and the cultivation bottle group is turned by 180 degrees by a cultivation bottle group turning device, so that the bottle mouth of the cultivation bottle is vertically downward;
F. the rotating shaft mounting bracket lifting cylinder drives the rotating shaft mounting bracket to move downwards until the lower surface of the friction disc is contacted with the bottom surface of the cultivation bottle;
G. the box body lifting cylinder drives the air ejector to move upwards, meanwhile, the rotating shaft driving motor drives the rotating shaft to rotate, the rotating shaft drives the cultivation bottle to rotate relative to the hollow drill bit through the friction disc, and the hollow drill bit enters the cultivation bottle and clears out a part of waste in the cultivation bottle; after the hollow drill bit approaches the bottom of the cultivation bottle, the air ejector tube ejects compressed air to break up the residual waste materials in the cultivation bottle and clear the cultivation bottle; the waste materials from which the cultivation bottles are cleaned fall on the waste material conveyor and are conveyed away, and the cleaned cultivation bottles are conveyed to the next working procedure by the cultivation bottle conveyor.
Compared with the prior art, the efficient flammulina velutipes harvesting-waste recycling system has the beneficial effects that: (1) The needle mushrooms are not required to be clamped in the harvesting process, so that the extrusion of the needle mushrooms is avoided, and the quality of the needle mushrooms is ensured; (2) The flammulina velutipes in the plurality of cultivation bottles in the transfer basket are cut into roots and harvested together, so that the production efficiency is high; (3) The needle mushroom root taking-out device with the negative pressure suction pipe is used for completing the transfer of the needle mushroom root from the cultivation bottle to the needle mushroom root conveyor by utilizing the characteristic that the needle mushroom root is compact, so that the preparation is made for the next step of cleaning the cultivation bottle and recycling the waste; (4) When the air ejector is inserted into the waste, the cultivation bottle rotary driving device drives the cultivation bottle to rotate relative to the hollow drill bit, so that a part of waste in the cultivation bottle is discharged along the chip guide groove of the hollow drill bit, the acting force on the horizontal part of the air ejector is greatly reduced, and the air ejector is prevented from being bent and damaged; (5) Because a part of waste is cleared out of the cultivation bottle by the hollow drill bit, the waste in the cultivation bottle is thinner and is more easily broken by compressed air, thereby improving the cleaning effect; (6) The hollow drill bit is integrated at the top of the air jet pipe, drilling and air jet can be completed at one time, and the efficiency is high; (7) The cultivation bottle is rotated relative to the drill bit during drilling, but not vice versa, so that the waste materials can be prevented from falling into the waste material conveyor due to the fact that the structure of the air jet pipe assembly is too complex.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a top view of a high efficiency needle mushroom harvesting-waste recovery system.
Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the needle mushroom harvesting device.
Fig. 3 is a front view of the needle mushroom harvesting device.
Fig. 4 is a front view II of the needle mushroom harvesting device.
Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the waste recycling device.
Fig. 6 is a partial enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is a partial enlarged view of the portion B in fig. 5.
Fig. 8 is a front view of the waste recycling device.
Fig. 9 is a partial enlarged view of a portion C in fig. 8.
Fig. 10 is a front view of the waste recycling device.
Fig. 11 is a partial enlarged view of a portion D in fig. 10.
Fig. 12 is a schematic view of a transfer basket.
In the figure: 1. harvesting room, 2, recycling room, 3, cultivation bottle conveyor, 4, cultivation bottle, 5, transfer basket, 6, finished flammulina velutipes conveyor, 7, flammulina velutipes root conveyor, 8, harvesting device frame, 9, first press plate, 10, first press plate driving cylinder, 11, first slider, 12, first screw, 13, first screw driving motor, 14, cutter, 15, cutter turning motor, 16, second slider, 17, second screw, 18, second screw driving motor, 19, negative pressure suction pipe mounting bracket, 20, negative pressure suction pipe mounting bracket lifting cylinder, 21, negative pressure suction pipe, 22, suction cup, 23, waste material conveyor, 24, recycling device frame, 25, L-shaped bent arm, 26, L-shaped bent arm turning motor, 27, second press plate, 28, second press plate driving cylinder, 29, box, 30, box lifting cylinder, 31, pipe, 32, hollow drill, 33, shaft mounting bracket, 34, shaft mounting bracket lifting cylinder, 35, shaft, 36, friction disk, 37, friction disk driving motor, 38, 39, air knife, 40, air knife, 41, air knife, drive mechanism, drive belt, 41.
Detailed Description
In order to clearly illustrate the technical features of the present solution, the following description of the specific embodiments of the present utility model will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 to 12 show a high-efficiency flammulina velutipes harvesting-waste recycling system, which comprises a harvesting room 1, a recycling room 2 and a cultivation bottle group, wherein the harvesting room 1 has higher overall environmental requirements, a flammulina velutipes harvesting device is arranged in the harvesting room 1, the recycling room 2 has relatively lower environmental requirements, the recycling room 2 is internally provided with a waste recycling device, the flammulina velutipes harvesting device is connected with the waste recycling device through a cultivation bottle conveyor 3, and the cultivation bottle conveyor 3 is a roller conveyor. The cultivation bottle group comprises a transferring basket 5 and sixteen cultivation bottles 4, and the sixteen cultivation bottles 4 are arranged in the transferring basket 5 in four rows and four columns.
The needle mushroom harvesting device comprises a finished needle mushroom conveyor 6, a needle mushroom root conveyor 7, a harvesting device frame 8, a cutting device and a needle mushroom root taking-out device.
The cultivation bottle conveyor 3 is provided with a first pressing plate 9 and a first pressing plate driving cylinder 10, the first pressing plate 9 is vertically and slidably arranged on the cultivation bottle conveyor 3, the first pressing plate 9 is provided with a cultivation bottle positioning hole matched with the cultivation bottle 4, and the first pressing plate driving cylinder 10 is used for driving the first pressing plate 9 to lift.
The finished product needle mushroom conveyor 6 and the needle mushroom root conveyor 7 are both belt conveyors, and the finished product needle mushroom conveyor 6 and the needle mushroom root conveyor 7 are respectively positioned at two sides of the cultivation bottle conveyor 3.
The cutting device is positioned above the cultivation bottle conveyor 3 and the finished flammulina velutipes conveyor 6, and comprises a first sliding block 11, a first screw rod 12, a first screw rod driving motor 13, a cutter 14 and a cutter overturning motor 15. The first screw rod 12 is installed on the harvesting device frame 8, the axis of the first screw rod 12 is in a horizontal direction, the first sliding block 11 is installed on the harvesting device frame 8 in a horizontal sliding mode and is in threaded connection with the first screw rod 12, and the first screw rod driving motor 13 is connected with the first screw rod 12. The cutter 14 is pivoted to the first slider 11, and the cutter overturning motor 15 is connected with the pivot of the cutter 14 and is used for driving the cutter 14 to overturn. Guard plates 41 are arranged on two sides of the cutter 14, so that the needle mushrooms 42 can be prevented from falling off the cutter 14.
The needle mushroom root taking-out device is located above the cultivation bottle conveyor 3 and the needle mushroom root conveyor 7 and comprises a second sliding block 16, a second screw rod 17, a second screw rod driving motor 18, a negative pressure suction pipe mounting bracket 19, a negative pressure suction pipe mounting bracket lifting cylinder 20, a negative pressure suction pipe 21 and a suction cup 22. The second screw rod 17 is installed on the harvesting device frame 8, the axis of the second screw rod is in a horizontal direction, the second sliding block 16 is installed on the harvesting device frame 8 in a horizontal sliding mode and is in threaded connection with the second screw rod 17, and the second screw rod driving motor 18 is connected with the second screw rod 17. The negative pressure suction pipe installing support 19 can be vertically and slidably arranged on the second sliding block 16, the negative pressure suction pipe installing support lifting cylinder 20 is used for driving the negative pressure suction pipe installing support 19 to vertically slide, the negative pressure suction pipe 21 is arranged on the negative pressure suction pipe installing support 19, the negative pressure suction pipe 21 is connected with a negative pressure pump, and the sucker 22 is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the negative pressure suction pipe 21.
The method for harvesting the flammulina velutipes by using the flammulina velutipes harvesting device comprises the following steps: the cultivation bottle conveyor 3 conveys the cultivation bottle group to the needle mushroom harvesting device in the harvesting room 1, the cultivation bottle group is fixed on the cultivation bottle conveyor 3 by the first pressing plate 9, the first sliding block 11 is driven by the first screw rod 12 to horizontally move by the first screw rod driving motor 13, the part, above the bottle opening of the cultivation bottle 4, of the needle mushroom 42 is cut, and finished needle mushrooms with the cut roots are located on the cutter 14.
Then the first screw driving motor 13 drives the first sliding block 11 to horizontally move to the upper part of the finished needle mushroom conveyor 6 through the first screw 12, and the cutter overturning motor 15 drives the cutter 14 to overturn to an inclined state, so that the finished needle mushrooms are dumped on the finished needle mushroom conveyor 6 (shown in fig. 4).
Then the second screw driving motor 18 drives the second sliding block 16 to horizontally move to the upper side of the cultivation bottle 4 through the second screw 17, the negative pressure suction pipe mounting bracket lifting cylinder 20 drives the negative pressure suction pipe mounting bracket 19 to move downwards, the lower end of the suction disc 22 is in contact with the needle mushroom root in the cultivation bottle 4, and the negative pressure suction pipe 21 sucks the needle mushroom root by utilizing negative pressure (as shown in fig. 4).
Finally, the negative pressure suction pipe mounting bracket lifting cylinder 20 drives the negative pressure suction pipe mounting bracket 19 to move upwards, the second screw driving motor 18 drives the second sliding block 16 to horizontally move to the position above the needle mushroom root conveyor 7 through the second screw 17, and the negative pressure suction pipe 21 places the needle mushroom root on the needle mushroom root conveyor 7.
The waste recycling device comprises a pneumatic cultivation bottle cleaning device and a waste conveyor 23, wherein the waste conveyor 23 is a scraper conveyor and is positioned below the pneumatic cultivation bottle cleaning device. The pneumatic cultivation bottle cleaning device comprises a recovery device frame 24, a cultivation bottle group overturning device, an air injection device and a cultivation bottle rotary driving device.
The cultivation bottle group turning device comprises an L-shaped bent arm 25, an L-shaped bent arm turning motor 26, a second pressing plate 27 and a second pressing plate driving cylinder 28. The L-shaped bent arm 25 is pivotally connected to the recovery device frame 24, and the L-shaped bent arm overturning motor 26 is pivotally connected to the L-shaped bent arm 25 and is used for driving the L-shaped bent arm 25 to overturn. The second pressing plate 27 is slidably mounted on the L-shaped bent arm 25, a positioning hole of the cultivating bottle matched with the cultivating bottle 4 is formed in the second pressing plate 27, and the second pressing plate driving cylinder 28 is used for driving the second pressing plate 27 to fasten the cultivating bottle group on the L-shaped bent arm 25 in a pressing mode.
The air jet device is located the cultivation bottle group turning device's below, and the air jet device includes box 29, box lift cylinder 30, jet tube 31 and hollow drill bit 32. The box 29 is vertically and slidably arranged on the recovery device frame 24, the air ejector 31 is fixedly arranged inside the box 29, the air ejector 31 is connected with a compressed air source, and the hollow drill bit 32 is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the air ejector 31.
The cultivation bottle rotation driving device is located above the cultivation bottle group overturning device and comprises a rotation shaft mounting bracket 33, a rotation shaft mounting bracket lifting cylinder 34, a rotation shaft 35, a friction disc 36 and a rotation shaft driving motor 37. The rotating shaft mounting bracket 33 is vertically slidably mounted on the recovery device frame 24, and the rotating shaft mounting bracket lifting cylinder 34 is used for driving the rotating shaft mounting bracket 33 to lift. The rotating shaft 35 is vertically installed on the rotating shaft installation bracket 33, and the friction disk 36 is fixedly installed at the lower end of the rotating shaft 35. Sixteen rotating shafts 35 are arranged and are arranged in four rows and four columns on the rotating shaft mounting bracket 33, adjacent rotating shafts 35 positioned in the same row are connected through a belt transmission mechanism 40, and one rotating shaft 35 in each row is connected with a rotating shaft driving motor 37.
The bottom of the transfer basket 5 is provided with a friction disk passing hole 38, and the negative pressure suction pipe 21, the air ejector pipe 31, the friction disk 36 and the friction disk passing hole 38 are corresponding to the cultivation bottle 4.
The cultivation bottle conveyor 3 is provided with an air knife 39, and the air knife 39 is positioned at the downstream of the pneumatic cultivation bottle cleaning device along the conveying direction of the cultivation bottle conveyor 3. The air knife 39 can further clean the waste attached to the cultivation bottle group, and the cleaning effect is improved.
The method for recycling waste by using the waste recycling device comprises the following steps: the cultivation bottle group containing the waste is conveyed to a pneumatic cultivation bottle cleaning device in the recycling room 2 by a cultivation bottle conveyor 3, and the cultivation bottle group is turned by 180 degrees by a cultivation bottle group turning device (as shown in fig. 10), so that the bottle mouth of the cultivation bottle 4 is vertically downward. The rotation shaft mounting bracket lifting cylinder 34 drives the rotation shaft mounting bracket 33 to move downward until the lower surface of the friction plate 36 contacts the bottom surface of the cultivating bottle 4. The box lifting cylinder 30 drives the air ejector tube 31 to move upwards, meanwhile, the rotating shaft driving motor 37 drives the rotating shaft 35 to rotate, the rotating shaft 35 drives the cultivation bottle 4 to rotate relative to the hollow drill bit 32 through the friction disc 36, and the hollow drill bit 32 enters the cultivation bottle 4 and clears out a part of waste materials in the cultivation bottle 4 from the cultivation bottle 4. After the hollow drill 32 approaches the bottom of the cultivating bottle 4, the air jet pipe 31 jets compressed air to break up the waste remaining in the cultivating bottle 4 and to clear the cultivating bottle 4. The waste material removed from the cultivation bottles 4 falls on a waste material conveyor 23 to be conveyed away for use as organic fertilizer, biofuel or animal feed additives etc. The cleaned cultivation bottles 4 are conveyed by the cultivation bottle conveyor 3 and further cleaned while passing through the air knife 39.
The embodiments of the present utility model have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present utility model is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present utility model.
Claims (4)
1. A high-efficient flammulina velutipes harvesting-waste recycling system is characterized in that: the needle mushroom harvesting device is characterized by comprising a harvesting room (1), a recycling room (2) and a cultivation bottle group, wherein a needle mushroom harvesting device is arranged in the harvesting room (1), a waste recycling device is arranged in the recycling room (2), and the needle mushroom harvesting device is connected with the waste recycling device through a cultivation bottle conveyor (3); the cultivation bottle group comprises cultivation bottles (4) and a transfer basket (5);
the needle mushroom harvesting device comprises a finished needle mushroom conveyor (6), a needle mushroom root conveyor (7), a harvesting device rack (8), a cutting device and a needle mushroom root taking-out device; the cultivation bottle conveyor (3) is provided with a first pressing plate (9) and a first pressing plate driving cylinder (10), the first pressing plate (9) can be vertically and slidably arranged on the cultivation bottle conveyor (3), the first pressing plate (9) is provided with a cultivation bottle positioning hole, and the first pressing plate driving cylinder (10) is used for driving the first pressing plate (9) to lift; the finished flammulina velutipes conveyor (6) and the flammulina velutipes root conveyor (7) are respectively positioned at two sides of the cultivation bottle conveyor (3); the cutting device is positioned above the cultivation bottle conveyor (3) and the finished flammulina velutipes conveyor (6), and comprises a first sliding block (11), a first screw (12), a first screw driving motor (13), a cutter (14) and a cutter overturning motor (15); the first screw rod (12) is arranged on the harvesting device frame (8) and the axis of the first screw rod is in a horizontal direction, the first sliding block (11) is arranged on the harvesting device frame (8) in a horizontal sliding mode and is in threaded connection with the first screw rod (12), and the first screw rod driving motor (13) is connected with the first screw rod (12); the cutter (14) is pivoted to the first sliding block (11), and the cutter overturning motor (15) is used for driving the cutter (14) to overturn; the needle mushroom root taking-out device is positioned above the cultivation bottle conveyor (3) and the needle mushroom root conveyor (7), and comprises a second sliding block (16), a second lead screw (17), a second lead screw driving motor (18), a negative pressure suction pipe mounting bracket (19), a negative pressure suction pipe mounting bracket lifting cylinder (20), a negative pressure suction pipe (21) and a sucker (22); the second screw rod (17) is arranged on the harvesting device frame (8) and the axis of the second screw rod is in a horizontal direction, the second sliding block (16) is arranged on the harvesting device frame (8) in a horizontal sliding mode and is in threaded connection with the second screw rod (17), and the second screw rod driving motor (18) is connected with the second screw rod (17); the negative pressure suction pipe mounting bracket (19) is vertically and slidably arranged on the second sliding block (16), the negative pressure suction pipe mounting bracket lifting cylinder (20) is used for driving the negative pressure suction pipe mounting bracket (19) to vertically slide, the negative pressure suction pipe (21) is arranged on the negative pressure suction pipe mounting bracket (19), and the suction disc (22) is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the negative pressure suction pipe (21);
the waste recycling device comprises a pneumatic cultivation bottle cleaning device and a waste conveyor (23), wherein the pneumatic cultivation bottle cleaning device comprises a recycling device frame (24), a cultivation bottle group overturning device, an air injection device and a cultivation bottle rotary driving device; the cultivation bottle group overturning device comprises an L-shaped bent arm (25), an L-shaped bent arm overturning motor (26), a second pressing plate (27) and a second pressing plate driving cylinder (28); the L-shaped bent arm (25) is pivoted on the recovery device frame (24), and the L-shaped bent arm overturning motor (26) is used for driving the L-shaped bent arm (25) to overturn; the second pressing plate (27) is slidably arranged on the L-shaped bent arm (25), a cultivation bottle positioning hole is formed in the second pressing plate (27), and the second pressing plate driving cylinder (28) is used for driving the second pressing plate (27) to press and fix the cultivation bottle group on the L-shaped bent arm (25); the air injection device is positioned below the cultivation bottle group overturning device and comprises a box body (29), a box body lifting cylinder (30), an air injection pipe (31) and a hollow drill bit (32); the box body (29) is vertically and slidably arranged on the recovery device frame (24), the air ejector tube (31) is fixedly arranged in the box body (29), and the hollow drill bit (32) is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the air ejector tube (31); the cultivation bottle rotation driving device is positioned above the cultivation bottle group overturning device and comprises a rotation shaft mounting bracket (33), a rotation shaft mounting bracket lifting cylinder (34), a rotation shaft (35), a friction disc (36) and a rotation shaft driving motor (37); the rotating shaft mounting bracket (33) is vertically and slidably arranged on the recovery device frame (24), and the rotating shaft mounting bracket lifting cylinder (34) is used for driving the rotating shaft mounting bracket (33) to lift; the rotating shaft (35) is vertically arranged on the rotating shaft mounting bracket (33), and the friction disc (36) is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the rotating shaft (35);
the bottom of the transfer basket (5) is provided with a friction disc passing hole (38), and the negative pressure suction pipe (21), the air ejector pipe (31), the friction disc (36) and the friction disc passing hole (38) are corresponding to the cultivation bottle (4);
an air knife (39) is arranged on the cultivation bottle conveyor (3), and the air knife (39) is positioned at the downstream of the pneumatic cultivation bottle cleaning device along the conveying direction of the cultivation bottle conveyor (3);
the cultivation bottle group comprises sixteen cultivation bottles (4), and sixteen cultivation bottles (4) are arranged in four rows and four columns in a transfer basket (5); sixteen rotating shafts (35) are arranged and are arranged in four rows and four columns to be arranged on a rotating shaft mounting bracket (33), adjacent rotating shafts (35) in the same row are connected through a belt transmission mechanism (40), and one rotating shaft (35) in each row is connected with a rotating shaft driving motor (37).
2. The efficient needle mushroom harvesting-waste recovery system of claim 1, wherein: guard plates (41) are arranged on two sides of the cutter (14).
3. The efficient needle mushroom harvesting-waste recovery system of claim 1, wherein: the cultivation bottle conveyor (3) is a roller conveyor, the finished flammulina velutipes conveyor (6) and the flammulina velutipes root conveyor (7) are both belt conveyors, and the waste conveyor (23) is a scraper conveyor.
4. A method of needle mushroom harvesting and waste recovery using the high efficiency needle mushroom harvesting-waste recovery system of any one of claims 1-3, comprising the steps of:
A. the cultivation bottle conveyor (3) conveys the cultivation bottle group to a needle mushroom harvesting device in the harvesting room (1), the cultivation bottle group is fixed on the cultivation bottle conveyor (3) by the first pressing plate (9), the first screw driving motor (13) drives the first sliding block (11) to horizontally move through the first screw (12), the part, above the bottle opening of the cultivation bottle (4), of the needle mushroom (42) is cut, and finished needle mushrooms with the cut roots are located on the cutter (14);
B. the first screw driving motor (13) drives the first sliding block (11) to horizontally move to the position above the finished needle mushroom conveyor (6) through the first screw (12), and the cutter overturning motor (15) drives the cutter (14) to overturn to an inclined state, so that the finished needle mushrooms are dumped on the finished needle mushroom conveyor (6);
C. the second screw driving motor (18) drives the second sliding block (16) to horizontally move to the upper part of the cultivation bottle (4) through the second screw (17), the negative pressure suction pipe mounting bracket lifting cylinder (20) drives the negative pressure suction pipe mounting bracket (19) to move downwards, the lower end of the suction disc (22) is in contact with the needle mushroom root in the cultivation bottle (4), and the negative pressure suction pipe (21) sucks the needle mushroom root by utilizing negative pressure;
D. a negative pressure suction pipe mounting bracket lifting cylinder (20) drives a negative pressure suction pipe mounting bracket (19) to move upwards, a second screw driving motor (18) drives a second sliding block (16) to horizontally move to the position above the needle mushroom root conveyor (7) through a second screw (17), and a negative pressure suction pipe (21) places the needle mushroom root on the needle mushroom root conveyor (7);
E. the cultivation bottle group containing the waste is conveyed to a pneumatic cultivation bottle cleaning device in a recycling room (2) by a cultivation bottle conveyor (3), and the cultivation bottle group is turned by 180 degrees by a cultivation bottle group turning device, so that the bottle mouth of a cultivation bottle (4) is vertically downward;
F. the rotating shaft mounting bracket lifting cylinder (34) drives the rotating shaft mounting bracket (33) to move downwards until the lower surface of the friction disc (36) is contacted with the bottom surface of the cultivation bottle (4);
G. the box body lifting air cylinder (30) drives the air ejector tube (31) to move upwards, meanwhile, the rotating shaft driving motor (37) drives the rotating shaft (35) to rotate, the rotating shaft (35) drives the cultivation bottle (4) to rotate relative to the hollow drill bit (32) through the friction disc (36), the hollow drill bit (32) enters the cultivation bottle (4) and a part of waste in the cultivation bottle (4) is cleared out of the cultivation bottle (4); after the hollow drill bit (32) is close to the bottom of the cultivation bottle (4), the air ejector tube (31) ejects compressed air to break up the residual waste in the cultivation bottle (4) and clear the cultivation bottle (4); the waste material from which the cultivation bottles (4) are cleaned falls onto a waste material conveyor (23) and is conveyed away, and the cleaned cultivation bottles (4) are conveyed to the next process by the cultivation bottle conveyor (3).
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| CN110199785B (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2021-09-14 | 青岛丰科生物科技有限公司 | Mushroom harvesting equipment and mushroom harvesting method |
| CN115336504B (en) * | 2022-09-07 | 2023-10-17 | 山东农发智慧生物科技集团有限公司 | Cultivation system and method for velvet mushrooms |
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| MX2017002341A (en) * | 2014-08-26 | 2017-08-07 | Vineland Res And Innovations Centre Inc | Mushroom harvester. |
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| EP0455499A2 (en) * | 1990-05-04 | 1991-11-06 | Priorlucky Limited | Mushroom harvesting |
| US5471827A (en) * | 1991-07-09 | 1995-12-05 | Ccm Beheer B.V. | Device for the automatic selective harvesting of mushrooms |
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