CN109338567B - 一种具有经向或纬向高弹的单向弹性机织物及其生产方法 - Google Patents
一种具有经向或纬向高弹的单向弹性机织物及其生产方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有经向或纬向高弹的单向弹性机织物及其生产方法,属于纺织加工技术领域。通过利用单向高织缩率织物结构,配合浸胶固化织物结构的方法,形成织物高织缩率的单向高弹性,得到一种具有经向或纬向高弹的单向弹性机织物,弹性方向的弹性伸长能力可到达到130%,同时选取织物材料时避免了使用氨纶弹性原料,提高了织物的耐高温性能;同时,相对于广角织物,实际使用过程中织物的受力方向和织物的经纬线方向一致,使得织物的耐磨性能相对于广角织物大大提升。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有经向或纬向高弹的单向弹性机织物及其生产方法,属于纺织加工技术领域。
背景技术
随着现代社会高新技术的发展以及人们对产品高性能需求的提升,纺织基复合材料凭借着轻量化、柔性的特点在各领域中应用广泛。其中由经、纬两个系统纱线在空间互相交织而成的机织物,因其各向受力性、耐磨性等物理机械性能优良,在复合材料领域应用最为广泛。弹性机织物,顾名思义就是带弹性的机织物,弹性机织物所具有的弹性特性,不仅能够进一步满足复合材料具有柔性特征需求,且在一定方向上还具有较高的伸缩性。
弹性机织物的设计主要有两种方式:一是构成机织物的纱线纤维或长丝本身大分子链段具有弹性,纤维大分子刚性大、结晶度高,其弹性就好。此类纱线材料主要有氨纶纤维、弹性涤纶PTT和锦纶等。其中,代表性材料氨纶是具有高断裂伸长率(400%以上)、低模量和高弹性回复率的合成纤维,以氨纶包芯或包缠纱为织物经、纬纱原料生产的机织物具有经、纬向高弹特性。但氨纶纤维为原料制成的弹性织物,由于氨纶纤维本身熔点低、不耐高温的特点,在工作温度大于80℃的时候很容易软化失效,在一些需采用高温复合工艺进行材料复合加工时织物所具有的弹性就会下降甚至消失。另一种方式是采用不同织物组织规格赋予织物弹性,即结构生弹;纱线的捻度、织物的厚度、织物组织的纹理结构都会影响到织物弹性,其中机织物纹理结构对织物弹性影响最大,典型结构生弹机织物即广角织物,如图1所示,广角织物实际使用中,由于织物的受力方向与经、纬纱线的方向不一致,所以广角织物的耐磨性能不好。
由此可知,现有的通过构成机织物的纱线纤维或长丝本身具有弹性的弹力织物在耐高温性能上存在不足,而通过纹理结构来使得织物具有单向高弹的机织物存在着耐磨性能不好的缺陷,其都不能够满足部分应用领域对材料特殊性能的要求。
发明内容
为了解决目前存在的现有弹力织物在耐高温性能或耐磨性能上存在着性能不足的问题,本发明利用单向高织缩率织物结构,配合浸胶固化织物结构的方法,提供一种具有经向或纬向高弹的单向弹性机织物及其生产方法。
机织物中经、纬纱在织物结构中的空间配合状态,称之为织物的几何结构相。根据经、纬纱配合状态,一般理论上分为9个等变化阶序,对应9个结构相。其中1结构相表示为经纱完全伸直,纬纱充分屈曲;9结构相表示为纬纱完全伸直,经纱充分屈曲。处于1结构相或9结构相状态下织物,理论上纬纱或经纱织缩率高达57%。由于低结构相或高结构相织物中纬纱或经纱的高度屈曲,则织物在纬向或经向受外力作用时就可能存在较大的延展性,即为织物提供了高弹性伸长与回复的可能。本发明的主要内容之一在于利用织物高、低结构相结构,形成单向高织缩率织物,利用织物的高织缩率赋予织物高延伸性能。
纺织原料一般属于弹性塑性体,在织造过程中受到复杂外力作用,而产生一些列弹性形变和塑性形变。机织物的经纱和纬纱进行交织后,织物内应力会随纱线间相互作用以及纱线的蠕变松弛而使原织物结构相发生变化,从而使原高或低结构相织物的单向延展性能下降。本发明的另一重要内容是在织造完成后立即对织物进行浸胶,选择具备弹性伸长能力的胶体原料,优化浸胶工艺参数,使得弹性胶体和织物紧密结合,消除织物内应力,固化具有高纬纱织缩率或高经纱织缩率的低或高结构相织物结构;所形成的弹性机织物在外力作用下,织物高织缩率结构延展伸长,并在外力撤除后,由弹性胶体引导织物高织缩率结构恢复,以实现可靠持久的经向或纬向高单向弹性能力。
本发明的第一个目的在于提供一种弹性织物,所述弹性织物为具有经向或纬向高弹的单向弹性机织物,所述弹性织物为具有低结构相或高结构相且下机后采取浸胶工艺进行处理后得到的机织物;
所述低结构相为经纱完全伸直,纬纱充分屈曲;所述高结构相为纬纱完全伸直,经纱充分屈曲。
可选的,所述弹性织物的经纬纱线原料选取高强高模的高性能纤维,包括:芳纶、碳纤维、高强高模聚乙烯、一般合成纤维、天然纤维。
可选的,所述一般合成纤维包括聚酯纤维、锦纶纤维;所述天然纤维包括:棉、毛、丝、麻。
可选的,所述锦纶纤维包括锦纶66复丝65d/450f,经纬纱长丝都采用Z捻,捻系数为330。
可选的,所述浸胶工艺采用加入了功能性材料颗粒的水溶性橡胶胶液对弹性织物进行改性处理,所述功能性材料包括石墨烯材料、炭黑、氧化铁;实现浸胶后的织物功能化,提高胶液与弹性织物的界面强度和实现浸胶弹性织物具有抗静电能力。
可选的,所述采取浸胶工艺进行处理之前还包括:采用络合剂来处理所述高性能纤维的纤维表面,所述络合剂包括CaCl2,通过氢键作用,提高纤维表面的粗糙程度,增加纤维表面化学基团含量,改变纤维结晶度以提高纤维本体强度,并增加其与水溶性橡胶的界面强度。
可选的,所述采用加入了功能性材料颗粒的水溶性橡胶胶液对弹性织物进行改性处理之前,还包括:利用超声分散的方式进行处理,得到均匀性良好的石墨烯改性胶液,并调节所述石墨烯改性胶液的胶液粘度至布氏粘度3.5~4.5(cPa·s)。
可选的,所述浸胶工艺中设置浸胶速度为6-10m/min,烘房温度为170±10℃,烘燥时间为15-30min;获得附胶量4.0~5.0%的经向或纬向高弹性的单向弹性织物。
本发明的第二个目的在于提供一种具有经向或纬向高弹的单向弹性机织物的生产方法,所述生产方法中包括:对具有低结构相或高结构相的弹性织物在下机后采取浸胶工艺进行处理;
所述低结构相为经纱完全伸直,纬纱充分屈曲;所述高结构相为纬纱完全伸直,经纱充分屈曲。
可选的,所述弹性织物的经纬纱线原料选取高强高模的高性能纤维,包括:芳纶、碳纤维、高强高模聚乙烯、一般合成纤维、天然纤维;所述一般合成纤维包括聚酯纤维、锦纶纤维;所述天然纤维包括:棉、毛、丝、麻。
可选的,所述改性处理方法包括:纤维改性和胶液改性;所述纤维改性方法包括:等离子改性、化学浸浴法改性、酶处理法。
可选的,所述胶液改性通过添加功能整理剂改性,所述功能整理剂包括石墨烯、炭黑、氧化铁。
可选的,所述采取浸胶工艺进行处理包括:采用加入了功能性材料颗粒的水溶性橡胶胶液对弹性织物进行改性处理,所述功能性材料包括石墨烯材料、炭黑、氧化铁。
可选的,所述浸胶工艺中设置浸胶速度为6-10m/min,烘房温度为170±10℃,烘燥时间为15-30min;获得附胶量4.0~5.0%的经向或纬向高弹性的单向弹性织物。
可选的,所述采取浸胶工艺进行处理之前还包括:采用络合剂来处理锦纶纤维表面,所述络合剂包括CaCl2。
本发明有益效果是:
通过利用单向高织缩率织物结构,配合浸胶固化织物结构的方法,形成织物高织缩率的单向高弹性,得到一种具有经向或纬向高弹的单向弹性机织物,弹性方向的弹性伸长能力可到达到130%,通过低结构相或高结构的织物结构并配合浸胶固话织物结构使得织物具有经向或纬向高弹性,同时,相对于广角织物,实际使用过程中织物的受力方向和织物的经纬线方向一致,使得织物的耐磨性能相对于广角织物大大提升。进一步的,在浸胶处理过程中,采用加入了功能性材料颗粒的水溶性橡胶胶液对弹性织物进行改性处理,以实现浸胶后的织物功能化;进一步的,选取石墨烯材料,提高了胶液与弹性织物的界面强度和实现浸胶弹性织物具有抗静电能力;进一步的,在浸胶处理之前,采用低成本的CaCl2作为络合剂来处理所述高性能纤维的纤维表面,通过氢键作用,提高纤维表面的粗糙程度,增加纤维表面化学基团含量,改变纤维结晶度以提高纤维本体强度,并增加其与水溶性橡胶的界面强度;进一步的,通过控制具体的浸胶工艺参数,得到了附胶量4.0~5.0%的径向或纬向弹性的单向弹性织物。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是广角织物结构示意图;
图2是本发明提供的结构生弹的纬向单向弹性织物组织结构示意图;
图3是1结构相紧密织物结构示意图;
图4是本发明提供的结构生弹的纬向单向弹性织物受力变形示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合附图对本发明实施方式作进一步地详细描述。
实施例一:
本实施例提供一种具有纬向高弹的单向弹性织物,首先从织物结构的角度设计低结构相织物(近1结构相),经纬纱原料都选取锦纶66复丝65d/450f,经纬纱长丝都采用Z捻,捻系数为330,织物组织为平纹组织。
所述的纬向高弹性机织物,整经时采取的大的整经张力,喷气织机织造时经纱上机张力大,为一般上机张力的150%~200%,约为2.7kN~3.0kN,织物中经纱尽量伸直;在喷气织机上进行织造,引纬张力小,配合小张力的刺辊边,纬纱在织物结构中充分屈曲。
所述的高弹性机织物下机后立刻采用低成本的CaCl2作为络合剂来处理锦纶纤维表面,通过氢键作用,提高纤维表面的粗糙程度,增加纤维表面化学基团含量,改变纤维结晶度以提高纤维本体强度,并增加其与水溶性橡胶的界面强度。
单向弹性织物浸胶用水溶性橡胶改性,在水溶性橡胶液中加入功能性材料颗粒,以实现浸胶后的织物功能化,本实施例中采用的功能粒子为石墨烯材料,以提高胶液与弹性织物的界面强度和实现浸胶弹性织物具有抗静电能力。
将酸化石墨烯添加到水溶性橡胶液中,利用超声分散获得均匀性良好的石墨烯改性胶液,并调节胶液粘度至布氏粘度3.5~4.5(cPa·s),控制浸胶工艺设置浸胶速度为8m/min,烘房温度为170±10℃,烘燥时间为20min;获得附胶量4.0~5.0%的纬向弹性的单向弹性织物,卷曲包装。
所述的纬向高弹性机织物性能测试结果如表1所示。
表1:纬向高弹性机织物性能测试结果
织物的经纬纱线原料和规格、织物组织结构、织造及后整理工艺都会影响织物的最终弹性,本发明提供的具有经向或纬向高弹的单向弹性机织物,避免了使用氨纶弹性原料,提高了织物的耐高温性能;避免了广角织物的斜交织物结构,使得弹性织物在使用过程中受力方向和织物经纬纱线方向一致,提高了织物的耐磨性能。从单向纬向弹性织物的测试结果来看,本发明提供的单向弹性机织物在弹性以及耐磨性能达到了现有弹性织物的性能需求。
实施例二
本实施例提供一种具有经向高弹的单向弹性织物,首先从织物结构的角度设计高结构相织物(近9结构相)后道纤维和纱线的前织准备与纬向弹性织物生产流程相同,而在上机织造时,设定弱的上机张力使得经纱张力满足织造需求的同时,使得织入织物的经纱充分屈曲;而纬纱采取剑杆引纬或者多喷嘴喷气引纬,采用全幅边撑加大边撑张力,使得织入织物的纬纱充分伸直。织物下机后进浸胶工艺处理,固化织物高结构相的组织,赋予织物持久的单向经向弹性。
由于径向高弹和纬向高弹织物具有单向高弹的机理是一样的,这里不作赘述。
实施例三
本实施例提供一种具有经向或纬向高弹的单向弹性机织物的生产方法,工艺流程包括“络筒→整经→浆纱→穿结经→织造→浸胶”。
所述的新型结构生弹单向弹性机织物经纬纱原料可以是棉、麻、丝、毛等天然纤维或者一般合成纤维如黏胶、涤纶、锦纶、腈纶等,或高性能纤维如碳纤维、芳纶、超高分子量聚乙烯等,优选的原料为锦纶66长丝;本实施例以锦纶66长丝为例进行介绍。
所述的新型结构生弹单向弹性织物,经纬纱线细度为5~50tex,经纬纱线捻度都为Z捻或S捻,捻系数300~400。
当生产纬向单向弹性织物时,整经及浆纱过程中设置大的整经和浆纱张力;织物组织选择为低结构相(接近1结构相)织物;织造时采取大的上机张力而边撑张力弱,织物结构中经纱尽量伸直而纬纱充分屈曲。
当生产经向单向弹性织物时,整经及浆纱过程中设置弱的整经和浆纱张力;织物组织选择为高结构相(接近9结构相)织物;织造时采取弱的上机张力而全覆边撑张力较大,织物结构中经纱充分屈曲而纬纱尽量伸直。
上述低结构相(接近1结构相)或高结构相(接近9结构相)的单向弹性织物采取浸胶工艺使得胶体和织物紧密结合,单向高织缩率的织物结构被固化,实现单向弹性织物具有可靠持久的经向或纬向的单向弹性能力。
整经时采取的大的整经张力,喷气织机织造时经纱上机张力大,为一般上机张力的150%~200%,约为2.7kN~3.0kN,织物中经纱尽量伸直;在喷气织机上进行织造,引纬张力小,配合小张力的刺辊边,纬纱在织物结构中充分屈曲。
所述的高弹性机织物下机后立刻采用低成本的CaCl2作为络合剂来处理锦纶纤维表面,通过氢键作用,提高纤维表面的粗糙程度,增加纤维表面化学基团含量,改变纤维结晶度以提高纤维本体强度,并增加其与水溶性橡胶的界面强度。
单向弹性织物浸胶用水溶性橡胶改性,在水溶性橡胶液中加入功能性材料颗粒,以实现浸胶后的织物功能化,本实施例中采用的功能粒子为石墨烯材料,以提高胶液与弹性织物的界面强度和实现浸胶弹性织物具有抗静电能力。
将酸化石墨烯添加到水溶性橡胶液中,利用超声分散获得均匀性良好的石墨烯改性胶液,并调节胶液粘度至布氏粘度3.5~4.5(cPa·s),控制浸胶工艺设置浸胶速度为8m/min,烘房温度为170±10℃,烘燥时间为20min;获得附胶量4.0~5.0%的纬向弹性的单向弹性织物,卷曲包装。
请参考图2,使用上述方法生产得到的新型结构生弹的弹性织物组织设计为平纹或2/2斜纹织物,经纱原料为高强度纤维原料纱线或长丝,经纱在织物中完全伸直;纬纱原料为锦纶、弹性涤纶PET或者其它高性能纤维的纱线或长丝,纬纱在织物中充分屈曲。
如图3所示,理想新型结构生弹的弹性织物组织属于低1结构相织物,即经纱屈曲波高约为0,纬纱屈曲波高约为经纬纱线直径之和,根据Peirce模型理论设定以下参数:
ρj经纱几何密度,ρw纬纱几何密度;
Pj经纱密度,Pw纬纱密度;
dj经纱直径,dw纬纱直径;
hj经纱屈曲波高,hw纬纱屈曲波高;
Cj经纱缩率;Cw纬纱缩率。
以织物经纬纱线采用纱线或长丝原料规格相同,即经纬纱线直接相等都为R,并经纱几何密度也为R,织物为紧密结构织物,且经纱完全伸直,经缩为0,纬纱缩率可有公式(1)计算得出纬纱缩率:
为了达到织物纬向130%以上弹性,设定纤维材料自身的弹性能力为a,则有:
可以推导出a≥-27%,即理论上织物纬向弹性能力大于157%,根据该理论推导可知即使纬纱自身不具有弹性伸长能力,采用低1结构相也可以达到织物纬向弹性伸长130%能力的要求。
图4是本发明提供的新型结构生弹的纬向单向弹性织物受力变形示意图。
由上可知,本发明提供的具有经向或纬向高弹的单向弹性机织物通过低结构相或高结构的织物结构并配合浸胶固话织物结构使得织物具有经向或纬向高弹性,弹性方向的弹性伸长能力可到达到130%;同时选取织物材料时避免了使用氨纶弹性原料,提高了织物的耐高温性能;同时,相对于广角织物,实际使用过程中织物的受力方向和织物的经纬线方向一致,使得织物的耐磨性能相对于广角织物大大提升。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (3)
1.一种弹性织物,其特征在于,所述弹性织物为具有经向或纬向高弹的单向弹性机织物,所述弹性织物为具有低结构相或高结构相且下机后采取浸胶工艺进行处理后得到的机织物;
所述低结构相为经纱完全伸直,纬纱充分屈曲;所述高结构相为纬纱完全伸直,经纱充分屈曲;
所述浸胶工艺采用加入了功能性材料颗粒的水溶性橡胶胶液对弹性织物进行改性处理;所述功能性材料为石墨烯材料;
所述弹性织物的经纬纱线原料选取高强高模的高性能纤维;
所述采取浸胶工艺进行处理之前还包括:采用络合剂来处理所述高性能纤维的纤维表面,所述络合剂包括CaCl2;
所述采用加入了功能性材料颗粒的水溶性橡胶胶液对弹性织物进行改性处理之前,还包括:利用超声分散的方式进行处理,得到均匀性良好的石墨烯改性胶液,并调节所述石墨烯改性胶液的胶液粘度至布氏粘度3.5~4.5 cPa·s;
所述浸胶工艺中设置浸胶速度为6-10m/min,烘房温度为170±10℃,烘燥时间为15-30min;获得附胶量4.0~5.0%的经向或纬向高弹性的单向弹性织物。
2.一种权利要求1所述的弹性织物的生产方法,其特征在于,所述生产方法中包括:对具有低结构相或高结构相的弹性织物在下机后采取浸胶工艺进行处理。
3.根据权利要求2所述的生产方法,其特征在于,所述采取浸胶工艺进行处理包括:采用加入了功能性材料颗粒的水溶性橡胶胶液对弹性织物进行改性处理,所述功能性材料为石墨烯材料。
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