CN109329302B - 促进水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长的浸种剂 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了促进水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长的浸种剂，它由氯化胆碱、D‑生物素、维生素C、硝酸镧、硫酸亚铁和水组成，每升浸种剂中：氯化胆碱10‑15g，D‑生物素10‑15mg，维生素C 10‑15mg，硝酸镧8‑10mg，硫酸亚铁20‑30g，其余水。本发明的浸种剂稀释100倍后处理水稻种子12小时，能够提高水稻种子的萌发，并能促进萌发后幼苗的生长发育，提高水稻秧苗的素质，为水稻的高产、稳产打好基础。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及浸种剂，具体涉及一种促进水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长的浸种剂。
背景技术
水稻起源于我国，已有五千多年的栽培历史，是我国和世界的五大作物之一，是人类的主要粮食作物，是保证人类基本生活水平的重要生活资料之一。
在水稻生长过程中，其最终产量受到许多因素的影响，而种子的质量是影响水稻最终产量的因素之一，而影响种子质量除了遗传因素外，种子的形成与发育条件、种子的贮藏与加工等等都会影响种子质量。
除了种子本身的质量外，种子处理能够达到弥补种子质量的作用，我国从上世纪50年代就开始使用浸种技术，希望能从源头上防治各种病虫害，提高秧苗素质，从而提高水稻的产量。水稻的浸种催芽是一种常用的技术，使种子吸足水分，同时在人工环境中快速整齐发芽，避免了由于外界温度变化大、透气性差、病菌多等多种问题，有效预防多种水稻种传病害。然而直到现在农业上所用的浸种剂仍旧单一，一般的只能用作对种子消毒杀菌，比如用强氯精预防水稻恶苗病等，却无法提高水稻秧苗素质。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于：提供一种促进水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长的浸种剂，提高水稻种子的萌发，促进种子萌发后秧苗的生长发育，改善秧苗的素质，培育水稻壮苗，为水稻高产、稳产打下良好的基础。
本发明的技术解决方案是：该浸种剂由氯化胆碱、D-生物素、维生素C、硝酸镧、硫酸亚铁和水组成，每升浸种剂中：氯化胆碱10-15g，D-生物素10-15mg，维生素C 10-15mg，硝酸镧8-10mg，硫酸亚铁20-30g，其余水。
该浸种剂的具体制备步骤是：
（1）取重量20-30g硫酸亚铁溶解于适量的水中，待溶解后加入维生素C 10-15mg，再充分溶解2小时以上；
（2）在上述（1）中加入氯化胆碱10-15g，充分混合；
（3）在上述（2）中分别加入D-生物素10-15mg和硝酸镧8-10mg，充分溶解混合；
（4）在上述（3）中加水定溶至1000ml，充分混合，得到促进水稻种子萌发和生长的浸种剂。
该浸种剂的使用方法是：用水稀释100倍液进行水稻浸种，浸种时间１2小时。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于：
1、本发明的浸种剂同时包含某些营养物质和调控物质，不同于其他单一杀虫、杀菌、调控或营养的浸种剂，共同作用于水稻种子，以促进种子萌发及幼苗的生长，从而达到提高水稻的产量和品质。
2、本发明的浸种剂是由氯化胆碱、D-生物素、维生素C、硝酸镧、硫酸亚铁和水组成，各组分协同作用；氯化胆碱是一种饲料添加剂，属于B维生素，其大鼠经口LD50为 6640mg/kg，无毒；D-生物素、维生素C是安全、无毒的维生素类物质；硝酸镧、硫酸亚铁属于盐类，形成的调理剂是高效、无毒的，在水稻生产上应用是安全的，符合绿色农业的防治要求。
3、硫酸亚铁对水稻种子萌发有某些特殊的功能；铁有二价、三价，而亚铁二价才能被植物所吸收，维生素Ｃ有稳定二价的作用，不被氧化为三价的作用；同样硝酸镧有促进水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长的特殊功能，另外铁与镧两种元素配合可以克服单盐毒害作用。
4、本发明的浸种剂，在用水稀释100倍液后进行浸种处理１2小时，能够提高发芽率和发芽势3.5%和22.2%，地上部分鲜重增加12.8%，干重增加50.0%。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体的实施例，进一步详细地描述本发明的技术解决方案。应理解，这些实施例只是为例举说明本发明，而非以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
实施例1：依以下步骤制备促进水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长的浸种剂
（1）取重量30g硫酸亚铁溶解于适量的水中，待溶解后加入维生素C 15mg，充分溶解2小时以上；（2）在上述（1）中加入氯化胆碱15g，充分混合；（3）在上述（2）中分别加入D-生物素15mg和硝酸镧10mg，充分溶解混合；（4）在上述（3）中加水定溶至1000ml，充分混合，得到促进水稻种子萌发和生长的浸种剂。
实施例2：依以下步骤制备促进水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长的浸种剂
（1）取重量30g硫酸亚铁溶解于适量的水中，待溶解后加入维生素C 15mg，充分溶解2小时以上；（2）在上述（1）中加入氯化胆碱10g，充分混合；（3）在上述（2）中分别加入D-生物素10mg和硝酸镧8mg，充分溶解混合；（4）在上述（3）中加水定溶至1000ml，充分混合，得到促进水稻种子萌发和生长的浸种剂。
实施例3：依以下步骤制备促进水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长的浸种剂
（1）取重量25g硫酸亚铁溶解于适量的水中，待溶解后加入维生素C 12mg，充分溶解2小时以上；（2）在上述（1）中加入氯化胆碱12g，充分混合；（3）在上述（2）中分别加入D-生物素12mg和硝酸镧10mg，充分溶解混合；（4）在上述（3）中加水定溶至1000ml，充分混合，得到促进水稻种子萌发和生长的浸种剂。
实施例4：依以下步骤制备促进水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长的浸种剂
（1）取重量25g硫酸亚铁溶解于适量的水中，待溶解后加入维生素C 12mg，充分溶解2小时以上；（2）在上述（1）中加入氯化胆碱10g，充分混合；（3）在上述（2）中分别加入D-生物素15mg和硝酸镧10mg，充分溶解混合；（4）在上述（3）中加水定溶至1000ml，充分混合，得到促进水稻种子萌发和生长的浸种剂。
实施例5：依以下步骤制备促进水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长的浸种剂
（1）取重量20g硫酸亚铁溶解于适量的水中，待溶解后加入维生素C 10mg，充分溶解2小时以上；（2）在上述（1）中加入氯化胆碱15g，充分混合；（3）在上述（2）中分别加入D-生物素15mg和硝酸镧8mg，充分溶解混合；（4）在上述（3）中加水定溶至1000ml，充分混合，得到促进水稻种子萌发和生长的浸种剂。
本发明的促进水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长的浸种剂应用效果试验：试验于2018年3、4月在淮阴师范学院江苏省环洪泽湖生态农业生物技术重点实验室进行，水稻品种为淮稻5号（种子由淮安市农业科学院提供），先将水稻种子用质量浓度1.0%的次氯酸钠溶液浸泡2小时进行消毒，之后用清水冲洗2-3次后备用，处理分别为：清水（对照）、稀释100倍的本发明的浸种剂(不同实施例制备)、质量浓度0.2g/ml硫酸亚铁溶液、质量浓度0.04mg/ml硝酸镧溶液、质量浓度0.1mg/ml的D-生物素溶液和质量浓度0.021g/ml氯化胆碱溶液各100ml浸泡12小时。每个处理3次重复。将种子均匀播在铺着吸水纸的培养皿里，每个培养皿20颗种子。再在种子上盖一层吸水纸，培养期间始终保持吸水纸湿润，在种子发芽后适量减少浇水量。第5d记录种子的发芽数，计算发芽势，第7d记录种子的发芽数，计算发芽率。第17d分别测出幼苗的叶片数、叶片长度、地上部分的鲜重和根重。试验结果见表1、表2。
表1 不同处理对种子萌发的影响
表2 不同处理对幼苗生长势的影响
根据表1中的结果可见，稀释100倍液的本发明的浸种剂处理后的种子效果最好，种子的发芽势平均比对照增加22.03%，发芽率平均比对照增加3.20%，均优于其他的处理；因此本发明浸种剂是有效的，处理浓度为稀释100倍。
表2中，浸种剂处理后水稻幼苗的平均叶片数比CK增加26.24%；平均叶片长度比CK增加36.59%；地上部分鲜重比CK增加22.05%；干重比CK增加70.00%。
Claims (2)
1.促进水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长的浸种剂，其特征在于：该浸种剂由氯化胆碱、D-生物素、维生素C、硝酸镧、硫酸亚铁和水组成，每升浸种剂中：氯化胆碱10-15g，D-生物素10-15mg，维生素C 10-15mg，硝酸镧8-10mg，硫酸亚铁20-30g，其余水；
该浸种剂的具体制备步骤是：
（1）取重量20-30g硫酸亚铁溶解于适量的水中，待溶解后加入维生素C 10-15mg，再充分溶解2小时以上；
（2）在上述（1）中加入氯化胆碱10-15g，充分混合；
（3）在上述（2）中分别加入D-生物素10-15mg和硝酸镧8-10mg，充分溶解混合；
（4）在上述（3）中加水定溶至1000ml，充分混合，得到促进水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长的浸种剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的促进水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长的浸种剂，其特征在于该浸种剂的使用方法是：所述浸种剂用水稀释100倍后浸泡水稻种子12小时。
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