CN109327029B - 考虑电动汽车充电负荷的微电网风光优化配比方法 - Google Patents
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- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
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- Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
- Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
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Abstract
本发明公开了考虑电动汽车充电负荷的微电网风光优化配比方法;步骤如下:首先,基于各类车型的特点及驾驶者的行为特点,利用蒙特卡洛拟合各类车型的充电曲线;其次,以充电功率峰谷差最小化为目的,设定电动汽车充换电优化策略;再次,以拟采用换电方式的车辆比例为变量,利用粒子群算法优化得到该值;然后,将充换电负荷叠加原有负荷,形成新的负荷曲线;之后,加入微电网风光电源出力特性,以总负荷峰谷差最小化为目的,设定微电网风光优化配比的策略;最后,以风光装机容量比例为优化变量,利用粒子群算法优化得到结果。本发明通过电动汽车有序充换电优化得到换电比例,再根据负荷曲线优化得到微电网风光配比,最大程度降低峰谷差。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及风光微电网技术领域,特别涉及考虑电动汽车充电负荷的微电网风光优化配比方法。
背景技术
在现有技术中,微电网作为公用电网的有益补充,可以在电网末端起到提高用户供电可靠性,加强电网供电能力的作用。
但微电网位于负荷末端,其规划设计必须紧密联系负荷情况确定。目前电网末端的负荷逐渐趋向于多元化,电动汽车充放电负荷成为其中重要因素。如何在多元负荷情况下进行微电网风光优化配置,成为重要课题。
因此,急需一种能够考虑电动汽车充电负荷的微电网风光优化配比方法,以克服现有技术的不足。
发明内容
有鉴于现有技术的上述缺陷,本发明提供考虑电动汽车充电负荷的微电网风光优化配比方法,实现的目的之一是通过电动汽车有序充换电优化得到换电比例,再根据负荷曲线优化得到微电网风光配比,最大程度降低峰谷差。克服现目前微电网优化配比技术中,既没有特别从降低峰谷差角度考虑配置并设定目标函数,又没有通过两层优化来降低峰谷差的缺陷。
为实现上述目的,本发明公开了考虑电动汽车充电负荷的微电网风光优化配比方法;步骤如下:
a.基于各类车型的特点及驾驶者的行为特点,利用蒙特卡洛拟合各类所述车型的充电曲线;
b.以充电功率峰谷差最小化为目的,设定电动汽车充换电优化策略,公式如下:
式中,PEV表示电动汽车充换电优化策略的目标函数;
i代表第“i”辆车;
n代表第n点;
N代表自然数;
PEV-n,i代表第“i”辆车在第n点的充电负荷;
x表示待优化的选择直接充电的电动汽车比例;
(1-x)表示选择换电的电动汽车比例;
E表示每一车辆在每一天正常使用需要的电池电量;
Ecar表示汽车电池总量;
Pbat.表示汽车电池最大充电功率;
PEV-i表示电动汽车充电功率;
c.以拟采用换电方式的车辆比例为变量,利用粒子群算法优化得到采用换电池方法满足汽车电耗的车辆占总车辆的比例;
d.将充换电负荷叠加原有负荷,形成新的负荷曲线;
e.加入微电网风光电源出力特性,以总负荷峰谷差最小化为目的,设定微电网风光优化配比的策略,公式如下:
式中,F表示微电网风光优化配比的策略的目标函数;
Pwind表示风电出力;
Psolar表示光伏出力;
Pload表示叠加风光出力、电动汽车充放电负荷及基本负荷后的总负荷;
P表示不计风光出力、电动汽车充放电负荷的基本负荷;
y为待优化的风光比例;
C为受地形限制,风光最高装机容量之和;
f.以风光装机容量比例为优化变量,利用粒子群算法优化得到指总量一定下,风光装机容量之间的比例。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明通过电动汽车有序充换电优化得到换电比例,再根据负荷曲线优化得到微电网风光配比,最大程度降低峰谷差。克服现目前微电网优化配比技术中,既没有特别从降低峰谷差角度考虑配置并设定目标函数,又没有通过两层优化来降低峰谷差的缺陷。以下将结合附图对本发明的构思、具体结构及产生的技术效果作进一步说明,以充分地了解本发明的目的、特征和效果。
附图说明
图1示出本发明一实施例的流程图。
图2示出本发明以公交车的典型日为实施例的电动汽车充换电曲线图。
图3示出本发明以典型日为实施例的电动汽车充换电总体负荷曲线图。
具体实施方式
实施例
如图1至图3所示,考虑电动汽车充电负荷的微电网风光优化配比方法;步骤如下:
a.基于各类车型的特点及驾驶者的行为特点,利用蒙特卡洛拟合各类车型的充电曲线;
b.以充电功率峰谷差最小化为目的,设定电动汽车充换电优化策略,公式如下:
式中,PEV表示电动汽车充换电优化策略的目标函数;
i代表第“i”辆车;
n代表第n点;
N代表自然数;
PEV-n,i代表第“i”辆车在第n点的充电负荷;
x表示待优化的选择直接充电的电动汽车比例;
(1-x)表示选择换电的电动汽车比例;
E表示每一车辆在每一天正常使用需要的电池电量;
Ecar表示汽车电池总量;
Pbat.表示汽车电池最大充电功率;
PEV-i表示电动汽车充电功率;
c.以拟采用换电方式的车辆比例为变量,利用粒子群算法优化得到采用换电池方法满足汽车电耗的车辆占总车辆的比例;
d.将充换电负荷叠加原有负荷,形成新的负荷曲线;
e.加入微电网风光电源出力特性,以总负荷峰谷差最小化为目的,设定微电网风光优化配比的策略,公式如下:
式中,F表示微电网风光优化配比的策略的目标函数;
Pwind表示风电出力;
Psolar表示光伏出力;
Pload表示叠加风光出力、电动汽车充放电负荷及基本负荷后的总负荷;
P表示不计风光出力、电动汽车充放电负荷的基本负荷;
y为待优化的风光比例;
C为受地形限制,风光最高装机容量之和;
f.以风光装机容量比例为优化变量,利用粒子群算法优化得到总量一定下,风光装机容量之间的比例。
本发明的原理在于,微电网为了实现利益最大化,需要尽量降低峰谷差,提高设备利用效率是非常必要的。
在微电网供电范围内,有可能会存在一定量的电动汽车,电动汽车的有序充换电策略可以通过部分车辆充电,部分车辆换电(换下的电池可以在谷电时充电)的方式降低峰谷差,这就是第一层优化的意义。
在此基础上,受限于地形因素,微电网风光总容量一定的情况下,通过合理的配比,使风光出力进一步抵消负荷曲线,可以进一步使峰谷差下降,这就是第二层优化。
以上详细描述了本发明的较佳具体实施例。应当理解,本领域的普通技术人员无需创造性劳动就可以根据本发明的构思做出诸多修改和变化。因此,凡本技术领域中技术人员依本发明的构思在现有技术的基础上通过逻辑分析、推理或者有限的实验可以得到的技术方案,皆应在由权利要求书所确定的保护范围内。
Claims (1)
1.考虑电动汽车充电负荷的微电网风光优化配比方法;步骤如下:
a.基于各类车型的特点及驾驶者的行为特点,利用蒙特卡洛拟合各类车型的充电曲线;
b.以充电功率峰谷差最小化为目的,设定电动汽车充换电优化策略,公式如下:
式中,PEV表示电动汽车充换电优化策略的目标函数;
i代表第“i”辆车;
n代表第n点;
N代表自然数;
PEV-n,i代表第“i”辆车在第n点的充电负荷;
x表示待优化的选择直接充电的电动汽车比例;
(1-x)表示选择换电的电动汽车比例;
E表示每一车辆在每一天正常使用需要的电池电量;
Ecar表示汽车电池总量;
Pbat.表示汽车电池最大充电功率;
PEV-i表示电动汽车充电功率;
c.以拟采用换电方式的车辆比例为变量,利用粒子群算法优化得到采用换电池方法满足汽车电耗的车辆占总车辆的比例;
d.将充换电负荷叠加原有负荷,形成新的负荷曲线;
e.加入微电网风光电源出力特性,以总负荷峰谷差最小化为目的,设定微电网风光优化配比的策略,公式如下:
式中,F表示微电网风光优化配比的策略的目标函数;
Pwind表示风电出力;
Psolar表示光伏出力;
Pload表示叠加风光出力、电动汽车充放电负荷及基本负荷后的总负荷;
P表示不计风光出力、电动汽车充放电负荷的基本负荷;
y为待优化的风光比例;
C为受地形限制,风光最高装机容量之和;
f.以风光装机容量比例为优化变量,利用粒子群算法优化得到总量一定下,风光装机容量之间的比例。
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