CN109317382A - 铝合金型材表面处理工艺 - Google Patents
铝合金型材表面处理工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109317382A CN109317382A CN201811397638.8A CN201811397638A CN109317382A CN 109317382 A CN109317382 A CN 109317382A CN 201811397638 A CN201811397638 A CN 201811397638A CN 109317382 A CN109317382 A CN 109317382A
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- Prior art keywords
- aluminium alloy
- solution
- technique
- surface treatment
- passivation
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000002949 phytic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-GPIVLXJGSA-N Inositol-hexakisphosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)O[C@H]1[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H]1OP(O)(O)=O IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-GPIVLXJGSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000007590 electrostatic spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- AAQNGTNRWPXMPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium;dioxido(dioxo)tungsten Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O AAQNGTNRWPXMPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 21
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920006149 polyester-amide block copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007591 painting process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 polyethylene Ethylene oxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- YDEXUEFDPVHGHE-GGMCWBHBSA-L disodium;(2r)-3-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[2-methoxy-4-(3-sulfonatopropyl)phenoxy]propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].COC1=CC=CC(C[C@H](CS([O-])(=O)=O)OC=2C(=CC(CCCS([O-])(=O)=O)=CC=2)OC)=C1O YDEXUEFDPVHGHE-GGMCWBHBSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 claims 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002627 poly(phosphazenes) Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- DUIOKRXOKLLURE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-octylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O DUIOKRXOKLLURE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000467 phytic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phytic acid Natural products OP(O)(=O)OC1C(OP(O)(O)=O)C(OP(O)(O)=O)C(OP(O)(O)=O)C(OP(O)(O)=O)C1OP(O)(O)=O IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940068041 phytic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940051841 polyoxyethylene ether Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229920000056 polyoxyethylene ether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910004829 CaWO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004872 CaZrF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021594 Copper(II) fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLQXPAUZYVXSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ca].O[N+]([O-])=O Chemical compound [Ca].O[N+]([O-])=O WLQXPAUZYVXSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001458 anti-acid effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006701 autoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPEXVRDUEAJUGY-UHFFFAOYSA-B hexacalcium;(2,3,4,5,6-pentaphosphonatooxycyclohexyl) phosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OC1C(OP([O-])([O-])=O)C(OP([O-])([O-])=O)C(OP([O-])([O-])=O)C(OP([O-])([O-])=O)C1OP([O-])([O-])=O WPEXVRDUEAJUGY-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002688 persistence Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011112 process operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002087 whitening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZVWKZXLXHLZXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium nitride Chemical compound [Zr]#N ZVWKZXLXHLZXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/14—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/02—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
- B05D3/0218—Pretreatment, e.g. heating the substrate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/10—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by other chemical means
- B05D3/102—Pretreatment of metallic substrates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/50—Multilayers
- B05D7/52—Two layers
- B05D7/54—No clear coat specified
- B05D7/544—No clear coat specified the first layer is let to dry at least partially before applying the second layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D177/00—Coating compositions based on polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D177/12—Polyester-amides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/34—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2320/00—Organic additives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2506/00—Halogenated polymers
- B05D2506/20—Chlorinated polymers
- B05D2506/25—PVC
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2518/00—Other type of polymers
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开铝合金型材表面处理工艺，包括以下步骤：(1)预处理：将铝合金型材加入清洁液中进行超声清洗3‑5min；(2)钝化处理：氮气条件下，将预处理后铝合金型材预热至60‑80℃，先用钝化液进行涂刷，反应5‑10min后，涂刷硝酸盐成膜促进液，反应3‑5min后，再用钝化液进行涂刷；所述钝化液由以下重量百分比成分组成：甲酸5‑10％、氢氟酸1‑3％、氟锆酸钠5‑10％、钨酸钾3‑6％、植酸钾1‑5％、有机缓蚀剂2‑4％、余量为水；(3)静电喷涂。本发明采用非铝氧化膜型的钝化封闭“二合一”表面处理技术在铝合金型材表面形成结晶型致密复合钝化膜，成膜速度快，抗强酸强碱腐蚀。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于铝型材表面处理技术领域，具体涉及铝合金型材表面处理工艺。
背景技术
铝合金型材是工业中应用最广泛的一类有色金属结构材料，在航空、航天、汽车、机械制造、船舶，建筑，装修及化学工业等领域均被大量应用。铝是一种化学性质极其活跃的金属材料，在空气中能自然氧化，在其表面形成一层氧化铝保护膜，阻隔O2与内部铝金属接触，但是氧化铝为两性化合物，耐酸碱性能极差，在酸碱性条件下均能发生溶解，失去保护作用，其在酸性环境中的反应方程式为：Al2O3+6H+→2Al3++3H2O，其在碱性环境中的反应方程式为：Al2O3+2OH-→2AlO2 -+H2O。
现有技术，主要采用对成型铝合金型材进行表面处理的方式，以改善铝合金型材的耐酸碱性、耐腐蚀性、耐磨性、抗氧化性、电绝缘性等性能及外观和质感。目前，铝合金型材表面处理技术主要包括阳极氧化、表面拉丝、电镀、电泳、喷沙、喷漆、喷塑、氟碳喷涂、抛光、氧化膜钝化处理等。其中，阳极氧化、电泳和钝化处理是最常用技术，但阳极氧化和钝化处理本质均为氧化膜处理工艺，都是在铝合金型材表面形成一层疏松多孔氧化铝保护膜，抗酸碱性能、耐磨性、耐候性差，还必须进行封闭处理，处理工艺繁琐，耗费工时，且氧化膜表面还易出现发白、发黑或呈暗色状等外观质量问题，电泳技术对操作要求极其严格，若出现烘烤时间过长、电槽液被污染，电槽液组分及配比不合理等情况，都会造成铝型材表面粗糙、起泡、针孔或缩孔、漆斑流痕、光泽度不高、漆膜不均匀、产生裂纹等缺陷。
鉴于以上所述，提供一种非铝氧化膜型的钝化封闭“二合一”表面处理工艺处理具有重要意义。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足之处，本发明的目的在于提供铝合金型材表面处理工艺。
本发明的技术方案概述如下：
铝合金型材表面处理工艺，包括以下步骤：
(1)预处理：将铝合金型材加入清洁液中进行超声清洗3-5min，脱除表面污渍和油脂；
所述清洁液由以下重量百分比成分组成：脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠5-10％、辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚OP-10 1-5％、三乙醇胺3-6％、氢氧化钠2-4％、余量为水；
(2)钝化处理：氮气条件下，将预处理后铝合金型材预热至60-80℃，先用钝化液进行涂刷，反应5-10min后，涂刷硝酸盐成膜促进液，反应3-5min后，再用钝化液进行涂刷；
所述钝化液由以下重量百分比成分组成：甲酸5-10％、氢氟酸1-3％、氟锆酸钠5-10％、钨酸钾3-6％、植酸钾1-5％、有机缓蚀剂2-4％、余量为水；
(3)静电喷涂：干燥钝化后铝合金型材，采用静电喷涂技术将增强涂料均匀喷涂在钝化膜表面，涂层厚度为80-120μm，并于170-185℃，烤漆固化15min；
所述增强涂料由以下重量百分比成分组成：氮化锆粉23-27％、碳化硼粉18-20％、硅烷偶联剂1-3％、聚氯乙烯18-20％、交联聚酯酰胺30-40％。
优选的是，所述有机缓蚀剂包括三聚磷腈咪唑钠、5-甲氧基-2巯基苯井咪唑、木质素磺酸钠的一种或多种。
优选的是，所述硝酸盐成膜促进液至少包括硝酸铜溶液、硝酸钙溶液、硝酸锌溶液中的一种。
优选的是，所述硝酸盐成膜促进液的浓度为2-3mol/L。
优选的是，所述静电喷涂工艺参数：喷涂电压为60-70KV，静电电流为12-14μA，流速压力为0.35-0.5MPa。
本发明的有益效果：
(1)本发明采用非铝氧化膜型的钝化封闭“二合一”表面处理技术在铝合金型材表面形成结晶型致密钝化膜，钝化膜为AlF3-Al2O12W3-Al2(ZrF6)3-植酸铝-CuF2/CaF2/ZnF2-CuWO4/CaWO4/ZnWO4-CuZrF6/CaZrF6/ZnZrF6-植酸铜/植酸钙/植酸锌的复合转化膜层结构，转化膜生长速度快，抗强酸强碱腐蚀，并采用氮化锆、碳化硼及交联聚酯酰胺等热塑性材料进行加固强化，提高钝化膜的机械强度和耐磨性，防止钝化膜脱落，达到持久性防护铝合金型材的效果。
(2)本发明处理工艺操作简单，无需封闭处理，易于工业化推广和应用，处理后的铝合金型材具有优异的耐酸碱性、耐腐蚀性、耐磨性、抗氧化性及电绝缘性等。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明，以令本领域技术人员参照说明书文字能够据以实施。
实施例1
铝合金型材表面处理工艺，包括以下步骤：
(1)预处理：将铝合金型材加入清洁液中进行超声清洗3min，脱除表面污渍和油脂；
所述清洁液由以下重量百分比成分组成：脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠5％、辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚OP-10 1％、三乙醇胺3％、氢氧化钠2％、水89％；
(2)钝化处理：氮气条件下，将预处理后铝合金型材预热至60℃，先用钝化液进行涂刷，反应5min后，涂刷2mol/L硝酸铜溶液，反应3min后，再用钝化液进行涂刷；
所述钝化液由以下重量百分比成分组成：甲酸5％、氢氟酸1％、氟锆酸钠5％、钨酸钾3％、植酸钾1％、三聚磷腈咪唑钠2％、水83％；
(3)静电喷涂：干燥钝化后铝合金型材，采用静电喷涂技术将增强涂料均匀喷涂在钝化膜表面，静电喷涂工艺参数：喷涂电压为60KV，静电电流为12μA，流速压力为0.35MPa，涂层厚度为80μm，并于170℃，烤漆固化15min；
所述增强涂料由以下重量百分比成分组成：氮化锆粉23％、碳化硼粉18％、硅烷偶联剂1％、聚氯乙烯18％、交联聚酯酰胺40％。
实施例2
处理工艺步骤同实施例1，区别在于：
(1)预处理：超声清洗4min；
所述清洁液由以下重量百分比成分组成：脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠7.5％、辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚OP-10 3％、三乙醇胺4.5％、氢氧化钠3％、水18％；
(2)钝化处理：预热至70℃，先用钝化液进行涂刷，反应8min后，涂刷2.5mol/L硝酸钙溶液，反应4min后，再用钝化液进行涂刷；
所述钝化液由以下重量百分比成分组成：甲酸7.5％、氢氟酸2％、氟锆酸钠7.5％、钨酸钾4.5％、植酸钾3％、5-甲氧基-2巯基苯井咪唑3％、水72.5％；
(3)静电喷涂：静电喷涂工艺参数：喷涂电压为65KV，静电电流为13μA，流速压力为0.4MPa，涂层厚度为100μm，并于180℃，烤漆固化15min；
所述增强涂料由以下重量百分比成分组成：氮化锆粉25％、碳化硼粉19％、硅烷偶联剂2％、聚氯乙烯19％、交联聚酯酰胺35％。
实施例3
铝合金型材表面处理工艺，包括以下步骤：
(1)预处理：超声清洗5min；
所述清洁液由以下重量百分比成分组成：脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠10％、辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚OP-10 5％、三乙醇胺6％、氢氧化钠4％、水75％；
(2)钝化处理：预热至80℃，先用钝化液进行涂刷，反应5-10min后，涂刷3mol/L硝酸锌溶液，反应5min后，再用钝化液进行涂刷；
所述钝化液由以下重量百分比成分组成：甲酸10％、氢氟酸3％、氟锆酸钠10％、钨酸钾6％、植酸钾5％、木质素磺酸钠4％、水62％；
(3)静电喷涂：静电喷涂工艺参数：喷涂电压为70KV，静电电流为14μA，流速压力为0.5MPa，涂层厚度为120μm，并于170-185℃，烤漆固化15min；
所述增强涂料由以下重量百分比成分组成：氮化锆粉27％、碳化硼粉20％、硅烷偶联剂3％、聚氯乙烯20％、交联聚酯酰胺30％。
实施例4对实施例1-3中表面处理后的铝合金型材进行酸处理
将实施例1-3中表面处理后的铝合金型材置于0.5mol/L的盐酸溶液中，浸渍20min，观察铝合金型材变化：
实施例1-3中铝合金型材在盐酸溶液不溶解，且膜层也未发生脱落现象，形态保持完整，颜色不变。
实施例5对实施例1-3中表面处理后的铝合金型材进行碱处理
将实施例1-3中表面处理后的铝合金型材置于0.5mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液中，浸渍20min，观察铝合金型材变化：
实施例1-3中铝合金型材在氢氧化钠溶液不溶解，且膜层也未发生脱落现象，形态完整。
尽管本发明的实施方案已公开如上，但其并不仅仅限于说明书和实施方式中所列运用，它完全可以被适用于各种适合本发明的领域，对于熟悉本领域的人员而言，可容易地实现另外的修改，因此在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概念下，本发明并不限于特定的细节。
Claims (5)
1.铝合金型材表面处理工艺，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)预处理：将铝合金型材加入清洁液中进行超声清洗3-5min，脱除表面污渍和油脂；
所述清洁液由以下重量百分比成分组成：脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠5-10％、辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚OP-10 1-5％、三乙醇胺3-6％、氢氧化钠2-4％、余量为水；
(2)钝化处理：氮气条件下，将预处理后铝合金型材预热至60-80℃，先用钝化液进行涂刷，反应5-10min后，涂刷硝酸盐成膜促进液，反应3-5min后，再用钝化液进行涂刷；
所述钝化液由以下重量百分比成分组成：甲酸5-10％、氢氟酸1-3％、氟锆酸钠5-10％、钨酸钾3-6％、植酸钾1-5％、有机缓蚀剂2-4％、余量为水；
(3)静电喷涂：干燥钝化后铝合金型材，采用静电喷涂技术将增强涂料均匀喷涂在钝化膜表面，涂层厚度为80-120μm，并于170-185℃，烤漆固化15min；
所述增强涂料由以下重量百分比成分组成：氮化锆粉23-27％、碳化硼粉18-20％、硅烷偶联剂1-3％、聚氯乙烯18-20％、交联聚酯酰胺30-40％。
2.根据权利要求1所述铝合金型材表面处理工艺，其特征在于，所述有机缓蚀剂包括三聚磷腈咪唑钠、5-甲氧基-2巯基苯井咪唑、木质素磺酸钠的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述铝合金型材表面处理工艺，其特征在于，所述硝酸盐成膜促进液至少包括硝酸铜溶液、硝酸钙溶液、硝酸锌溶液中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1或3任意所述铝合金型材表面处理工艺，其特征在于，所述硝酸盐成膜促进液的浓度为2-3mol/L。
5.根据权利要求1所述铝合金型材表面处理工艺，其特征在于，所述静电喷涂工艺参数：喷涂电压为60-70KV，静电电流为12-14μA，流速压力为0.35-0.5MPa。
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