CN109315783A - 一种负载姜黄素的结构脂质基纳米乳液的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种负载姜黄素的结构脂质基纳米乳液的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种负载姜黄素的结构脂质基纳米乳液的制备方法,首先,菜籽油与椰子油在RM‑IM脂肪酶的催化下制备中长碳链结构脂质;然后将脂溶性的姜黄素溶解于合成的结构脂质中作为油相,吐温80溶于超纯水中作为水相,混合油相与水相;最后,混合物用高速分散器进行预分散,得到的产物再通过超声探针于高压均质制备成均匀的纳米乳液。本发明所制备的纳米乳液提高了姜黄素的生物获得率,且具有稳定强、易消化等特点,可作为一种功能性食品食用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种负载姜黄素的结构脂质基纳米乳液的制备方法,属于食品生物加工技术领域。
背景技术
姜黄素是从植物姜黄根茎中提取出的一种酚类物质,其具有抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、降血脂、提升机体的免疫能力、抗菌和防治老年痴呆等多种药理作用和良好的临床应用潜力。但姜黄素也有一定的缺点,不溶于水、吸收差、生物利用度低(不足10%)、不稳定、代谢快、易降解等,限制了其应用。
现有技术中,有研究者使用蛋白、碳水化合物等作为壁材,包裹姜黄素以提高其生物利用度,经过壁材的包裹,姜黄素的生物利用度有所提高,但生物利用度仍不足40%。
结构脂质是一种新型的生物合成型油脂,是将天然脂质经过改性,定向加入短碳链脂肪酸、中碳链脂肪酸和长碳链不饱和脂肪酸,因其特殊的脂肪酸组成以及脂肪酸在甘油三酯中特定的位置,使其具有特殊的生理功能和营养价值。本发明采用结构脂质作为壁材包埋姜黄素,以提高姜黄素的生物利用度。
发明内容
本发明的目的是解决现有技术的不足,提供一种负载姜黄素的结构脂质基纳米乳液的制备方法,本发明以经过酶法合成的结构脂质作为原料,对脂溶性的姜黄素进行包埋,并通过均质技术以提高姜黄素的生物获得率。
技术方案
一种负载姜黄素的结构脂质基纳米乳液的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)结构脂质的制备:将摩尔比为(1-1.5):1的菜籽油与椰子油混合均匀,然后加入固定化脂肪酶RM-IM和水进行酯交换反应,固定化脂肪酶RM-IM的加入量占菜籽油与椰子油总重量的7-10%,反应结束后,将反应产物提纯,得到结构脂质;
(2)结构脂质基纳米载体的构建:往步骤(1)制得的结构脂质中加入姜黄素,姜黄素的用量为结构脂质重量的0.8-2%,混合均匀后作为油相;往超纯水中加入吐温80,作为水相;将油相和水相同时加热到45-65℃,然后将水相加入到油相中,油相与水相的质量比为1:(8-12),搅拌混合均匀,调pH4-7,得到油水混合物;
(3)制备纳米乳液:将步骤(2)的油水混合物通过分散器进行预分散,然后经过超声分散、高压均质,得到均匀稳定的纳米乳液。
进一步,步骤(1)中,菜籽油与椰子油的摩尔比为1:1。
进一步,步骤(1)中,固定化脂肪酶RM-IM的加入量占菜籽油与椰子油总重量的8%。
进一步,步骤(1)中,水的加入量占菜籽油与椰子油总重量的0.96%。
进一步,步骤(2)中,姜黄素的用量为结构脂质重量的1%。
进一步,步骤(2)中,吐温80用量占超纯水重量的1.5%-5%。
进一步,步骤(2)中,油相与水相的质量比为1:10。
进一步,步骤(3)中,预分散的条件是:10000rpm,1min。
进一步,步骤(3)中,所述超声分散采用的是超声细胞粉碎机,超声条件:320kw,2s开、2s关,持续5min。
进一步,步骤(3)中,所述高压均质采用的是纳米均质机,高压均质的条件是600Mpa,5次循环。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)本发明公开了一种负载姜黄素的结构脂质基纳米乳液的制备方法,制得的纳米乳液的粒径为151.7±1.7nm,分散系数为0.154±0.11,包埋率高达90.43%,生物获得率为46.51%,且经过30天,4℃储藏,乳液稳定性良好;
(2)本发明采用结构脂质作为壁材包埋姜黄素,提高了姜黄素的生物利用度,改善了姜黄素水溶性差、在肠胃道中不稳定、易分解的问题;
(3)本发明通过控制乳化剂的添加量和油相水相的比例,制备出了粒径合适,包埋率高,且稳定性良好的纳米乳液;
(4)本发明的纳米乳液具有很多潜在的功能,可以作为一种功能性食品和膳食补充剂。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制得的纳米乳液的透射电镜图;
图2为实施例1制得的纳米乳液的激光共聚焦图;
图3为实施例1-3制得的纳米乳液的粒径测量图;
图4为实施例1-3制得的纳米乳液的包埋率图;
图5为实施例1-3制得的纳米乳液的生物获得率图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。值得说明的是,为了便于比较,下述实施例中,制备纳米乳液时,超声分散采用的是新芝的JY 92-ⅡN超声细胞粉碎机,高压均质采用的是ATS的纳米均质机BASICⅡ,但并不限于此。
下述实施例中:
(1)包埋率是用的高速离心法进行测定:取500μL样品用稀释液稀释10倍,稀释液由25%乙醇,0.5%Tween80和超纯水组成,稀释完的样品进行离心,离心条件为4000rpm,4℃,10min,通过离心未包埋的姜黄素被洗脱到底部,取上清进行HPLC分析,包埋率可通过公式计算:
包埋率(%)=100×Ainner/Aadded
Ainner---上清液中姜黄素的含量,Aadded---姜黄素的总添加量。
测定姜黄素的含量是用的高效液相色谱法,具有快速、稳定、准确的特点,色谱条件为:C18柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),流速为1mL/min,流动相为乙腈-0.5%磷酸水溶液(58:42),DAD检测器,检测波长为425nm,进样量为20μL,柱温30℃。
(2)生物获得率是通过体外模拟消化进行评估的,虽然与体内消化有差异但也能在一定程度上反应乳液的消化情况。乳液的消化所经历的场所主要有胃和肠道,所以我们模拟了胃和肠道的消化过程,具体步骤为:将20mL样品与20mL模拟胃液混合,模拟胃液的组成为-2g/LNacl,7mL/LHcl,胃蛋白酶3.2g/L,胃液调节pH至1.2。混合物调节pH至2.0,置于恒温水浴震荡中反应2h,温度为37℃,震荡频率为100rpm。反应结束后取30mL反应物加入模拟肠液,包括1.5mL盐溶液(36.7mg/mL Cacl2,218.7mg/mL Nacl),3.5mL胆汁盐(187.5mg胆汁盐溶于PBS,pH=7.0),2.5mL酶悬浮液(60mg胰酶、60mg脂肪酶,溶于PBS,pH=7.0),混合物调节pH至7.0,反应2h,温度为37℃,震荡频率100rpm。反应结束后对原始消化物进行冰浴,待温度冷却后进行高速冷冻离心,离心条件:18000rpm,4℃,30min。经过离心后,产生一层胶状物,收集胶状物进行姜黄素含量HPLC分析。姜黄素的生物获得率可通过公式计算:
生物获得率(%)=100×As/Aadded
As---姜黄素溶解于胶体中的含量,Aadded---姜黄素的总添加量。
实施例1
一种负载姜黄素的结构脂质基纳米乳液的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)结构脂质的制备:将菜籽油与椰子油按摩尔比1:1混合均匀,加入占菜籽油与椰子油总重量8%的固定化脂肪酶RM-IM和占菜籽油与椰子油总重量0.96%的水,置于40℃恒温水浴震荡器中震荡反应12h,震荡频率以能充分晃动酶与油的混合物为宜,反应完得到的是酯交换的初产物,对初产物进行分离提纯,使用分子蒸馏除去游离的脂肪酸和单甘酯,得到结构脂质;
(2)结构脂质基纳米载体的构建:往步骤(1)制得的结构脂质中加入结构脂质重量1%的姜黄素,混合均匀后作为油相;往超纯水中加入占超纯水重量3%的吐温80,作为水相;将油相和水相同时加热到50℃,然后按油水相比例1:10,将水相加入到油相中,并用磁力搅拌器搅拌15min充分混匀,转速为600rpm,调节pH至4.0,得到油水混合物;
(3)制备纳米乳液:将步骤(2)的油水混合物通过分散器进行预分散(IKA高速分散器),分散条件为10000rpm,1min,然后经过超声分散(320kw,5min,2s开、2s关)、高压均质(600Mpa,循环5次),得到均匀稳定的纳米乳液。该纳米乳液的透射电镜图见图1,可以观察出纳米乳液形状近似球型,且粒径为200nm左右;图2为实施例1制得的纳米乳液的激光共聚焦图,经过染色,可以观察到乳液液滴呈密集的球状分布,有聚集倾向的液滴较少。
对制备而成的乳液进行一系列的表征,包括粒径、分散系数、包埋率、生物获得率及储藏稳定性等测试,结果显示,纳米乳液粒径为145.2±1.69nm,分散系数为0.15±0.02,包埋率为93.53±7.71%,生物获得率为54.74±6.92%,经过30天,4℃储藏,乳液稳定性良好。
实施例2
一种负载姜黄素的结构脂质基纳米乳液的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)结构脂质的制备:将菜籽油与椰子油按摩尔比1:1混合均匀,加入占菜籽油与椰子油总重量8%的固定化脂肪酶RM-IM和占菜籽油与椰子油总重量0.96%的水,置于40℃恒温水浴震荡器中震荡反应12h,震荡频率以能充分晃动酶与油的混合物为宜,反应完得到的是酯交换的初产物,对初产物进行分离提纯,使用分子蒸馏除去游离的脂肪酸和单甘酯,得到结构脂质;
(2)结构脂质基纳米载体的构建:往步骤(1)制得的结构脂质中加入结构脂质重量1%的姜黄素,混合均匀后作为油相;往超纯水中加入占超纯水重量3%的吐温80,作为水相;将油相和水相同时加热到50℃,然后按油水相比例1:10,将水相加入到油相中,并用磁力搅拌器搅拌15min充分混匀,转速为600rpm,调节pH至5.0,得到油水混合物;
(3)制备纳米乳液:将步骤(2)的油水混合物通过分散器进行预分散,分散条件为10000rpm,1min,然后经过超声探针(320kw,5min,2s开、2s关)、高压均质(600Mpa,循环5次),得到均匀稳定的纳米乳液。
对制备而成的乳液进行一系列的表征,包括粒径、分散系数、包埋率、生物获得率及储藏稳定性等测试,结果显示,纳米乳液粒径为139.1±2.23nm,分散系数为0.16±0.02,包埋率为86.32±0.63%,生物获得率为54.57±3.92%,经过30天,4℃储藏,乳液稳定性良好。
实施例3
一种负载姜黄素的结构脂质基纳米乳液的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)结构脂质的制备:将菜籽油与椰子油按摩尔比1:1混合均匀,加入占菜籽油与椰子油总重量8%的固定化脂肪酶RM-IM和占菜籽油与椰子油总重量0.96%的水,置于40℃恒温水浴震荡器中震荡反应12h,震荡频率以能充分晃动酶与油的混合物为宜,反应完得到的是酯交换的初产物,对初产物进行分离提纯,使用分子蒸馏除去游离的脂肪酸和单甘酯,得到结构脂质;
(2)结构脂质基纳米载体的构建:往步骤(1)制得的结构脂质中加入结构脂质重量1%的姜黄素,混合均匀后作为油相;往超纯水中加入占超纯水重量3%的吐温80,作为水相;将油相和水相同时加热到50℃,然后按油水相比例1:10,将水相加入到油相中,并用磁力搅拌器搅拌15min充分混匀,转速为600rpm,调节pH至7.0,得到油水混合物;
(3)制备纳米乳液:将步骤(2)的油水混合物通过分散器进行预分散,分散条件为10000rpm,1min,然后经过超声探针(320kw,5min,2s开、2s关)、高压均质(600Mpa,循环5次),得到均匀稳定的纳米乳液。
对制备而成的乳液进行一系列的表征,包括粒径、分散系数、包埋率、生物获得率及储藏稳定性等测试,结果显示,纳米乳液粒径为173.9±1.90nm,分散系数为0.18±0.01,包埋率为72.72±0.59%,生物获得率为58.86±2.91%,经过30天,4℃储藏,乳液稳定性良好。
图3为实施例1-3制得的纳米乳液的粒径测量图,可以看出,实施例2(pH5)乳液的粒径最小但与实施例1(pH4)乳液差距不大,实施例3(pH7)乳液粒径最大;图4为实施例1-3制得的纳米乳液的包埋率图,可以看出,在pH逐渐上升的过程中包埋率逐渐降低,说明在低pH下包埋率较高;图5为实施例1-3制得的纳米乳液的生物获得率图,实施例1(pH4)和实施例2(pH5)的生物获得率相近,实施例3(pH7)生物获得率略高,可能是其包埋率低,吸附在表面的姜黄素较多,从而生物获得率略高的原因。
Claims (10)
1.一种负载姜黄素的结构脂质基纳米乳液的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)结构脂质的制备:将摩尔比为(1-1.5):1的菜籽油与椰子油混合均匀,然后加入固定化脂肪酶RM-IM和水进行酯交换反应,固定化脂肪酶RM-IM的加入量占菜籽油与椰子油总重量的7-10%,反应结束后,将反应产物提纯,得到结构脂质;
(2)结构脂质基纳米载体的构建:往步骤(1)制得的结构脂质中加入姜黄素,姜黄素的用量为结构脂质重量的0.8-2%,混合均匀后作为油相;往超纯水中加入吐温80,作为水相;将油相和水相同时加热到45-65℃,然后将水相加入到油相中,油相与水相的质量比为1:(8-12),搅拌混合均匀,调pH4-7,得到油水混合物;
(3)制备纳米乳液:将步骤(2)的油水混合物通过分散器进行预分散,然后经过超声分散、高压均质,得到均匀稳定的纳米乳液。
2.如权利要求1所述的负载姜黄素的结构脂质基纳米乳液的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,菜籽油与椰子油的摩尔比为1:1。
3.如权利要求1所述的负载姜黄素的结构脂质基纳米乳液的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,固定化脂肪酶RM-IM的加入量占菜籽油与椰子油总重量的8%。
4.如权利要求1所述的负载姜黄素的结构脂质基纳米乳液的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,水的加入量占菜籽油与椰子油总重量的0.96%。
5.如权利要求1所述的负载姜黄素的结构脂质基纳米乳液的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,姜黄素的用量为结构脂质重量的1%。
6.如权利要求1所述的负载姜黄素的结构脂质基纳米乳液的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,吐温80用量占超纯水重量的1.5%-5%。
7.如权利要求1所述的负载姜黄素的结构脂质基纳米乳液的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,油相与水相的比例为1:10。
8.如权利要求1所述的负载姜黄素的结构脂质基纳米乳液的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,预分散的条件是:10000rpm,1min。
9.如权利要求1所述的负载姜黄素的结构脂质基纳米乳液的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述超声分散采用的是超声细胞粉碎机,超声条件:320kw,2s开、2s关,持续5min。
10.如权利要求1至9任一项所述的负载姜黄素的结构脂质基纳米乳液的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,高压均质的条件是600Mpa,5次循环。
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