CN109297780B - Sampling method in liquid plastic limit combined determination method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sampling method in a liquid plastic limit joint determination method, which comprises the steps of filling a processed soil sample into a soil sample preparation tool, naturally compacting by using a compactor, injecting pure water into the soil sample preparation tool, naturally permeating, laminating, standing, obtaining a sample after water stagnation above the soil sample is completely permeated, taking a surface sample by using a sample cup to obtain a high-water-content sample, scraping surface soil in the sample preparation tool by using a scraper, obtaining a medium-water-content sample by using the sample cup for sampling, scraping the sample by using the scraper again, and obtaining a low-water-content sample by using the sample cup for sampling. The preparation method and the sampling method can ensure that the dry density of the soil paste has good identity when the soil paste is sampled for multiple times, can cover the liquid-plastic limit indexes of most cohesive soil, avoid the defect that multiple supplementary tests are needed in the implementation process of the national standard recommendation method, greatly improve the working efficiency, and have the remarkable advantages of high test efficiency, greatly improved three-point linear rate, strong repeatability of test results and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of soil sample detection, relates to a sampling method, and particularly relates to a sampling method in a liquid plastic limit joint determination method.
Background
When the physical state of agricultural soil is studied by an agriculturist atheberg (Atteberg) in 1911, fine-grained soil is considered to be in different physical states according to different water contents, so that five stages of the soil from a solid state to a liquid state are proposed, and the fine-grained soil is introduced into soil mechanics through an taisha base later until the further development, the common knowledge is formed in the field of civil engineering construction, namely that the fine-grained soil is in a flowing state, a plastic state, a semi-solid state and a solid state respectively due to different water contents. "the boundary water content when the consistency state changes is defined as the boundary water content which is respectively the liquid limit, the plastic limit and the shrinkage limit, the difference between the liquid limit and the plastic limit is further defined as the plasticity index in the current Classification Standard of soil (GB/T50145-2007) in China, and the plasticity index I is drawn at the same timePIs ordinate, liquid limit wLThe classification of fine soil is performed for a plastic map of the abscissa. Therefore, in engineering practice, accurate determination of the boundary water content of the soil body is of great significance for implementing classification of fine-grained soil, calculating foundation bearing capacity and the like.
The technical points of soil sample preparation and sampling in the combined determination method of liquid limit plastic limit in the limit moisture content test (SL237-007-1999) of the Chinese national standard are as follows: when air-drying soil samples are adopted, taking 200g of representative soil samples which are screened by a 0.5mm sieve, dividing the representative soil samples into three parts, respectively putting the three parts into 3 soil containing vessels, adding different amounts of pure water to enable the water content to reach the water content in the specification 3.3.2 respectively, blending the soil samples into uniform soil paste, then putting the uniform soil paste into a sealed moisturizing cylinder, and standing the uniform soil paste for 24 hours; and fully and uniformly stirring the prepared soil paste by using a soil adjusting knife, densely filling the soil paste into the sample cup, enabling air to overflow, scraping the residual soil higher than the sample cup by using a soil scraping knife, and immediately placing the sample cup on an instrument base. In the technical key points, the soil paste is required to be prepared three times in one test, and the soil paste needs to be manually stirred and filled into the sample cup in the preparation process, so that the dry densities of the three soil pastes with different water contents are different inevitably, and finally, the non-linear relationship is formed between the cone sinking depth and the water content.
Considering that the probability of the nonlinear relation is high in the test process, a correction scheme is given in the specification, namely that when three points are not on one straight line, a point with high water content is connected with the rest two points to form two straight lines, the corresponding water content is found at the position where the cone sinking depth is 2mm, when the difference value of the two water contents is less than 2%, the average value of the two water contents and the point with high water content are connected to form a line, and when the difference value of the two water contents is more than or equal to 2%, the test is carried out in a supplementary mode. However, practical experience proves that to meet the requirement of test errors in the specifications, on one hand, a higher test operation skill level is required, and on the other hand, an operator cannot be replaced when the same soil sample is tested in batches. Otherwise, either multiple additional tests are required or the test results are more discrete.
The method is limited by the existing liquid-plastic limit joint measurement test technology, but scholars at home and abroad such as oceans, Zhangren, SharmaBinu, Pengyi, Zhao Xiushao and the like respectively improve the test precision from the viewpoint of data processing and test technology optimization, and a multi-dish method which is simpler and easier to implement is provided for improving the test technology such as Zhangtao, late silver waves and the like. However, the above methods do not essentially solve the problem of inconsistent dry density that may occur during the sample preparation process.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a sampling method in a liquid-plastic limit joint determination method, which is intended to modulate a soil sample with rich water content layers and relatively uniform dry density through one-time permeation and layered sampling, and further implement a cone-type instrument liquid-plastic limit joint determination test.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a sampling method in a liquid plastic limit combined measuring method comprises the following steps:
1) uniformly coating vaseline on the inner wall of the soil sample preparation tool, filling the soil sample which is dried and passes through a 0.5mm sieve into the soil sample preparation tool, and naturally compacting to a height of not less than 200mm by using a compactor;
2) adding pure water into the soil sample preparation tool until the liquid level is 50mm, naturally permeating, covering a film, standing for 24h, and obtaining a sample after the stagnant water above the soil sample is completely permeated;
3) and after the sample is prepared, taking a surface sample by using a sample cup to obtain a high-water-content sample, scraping a soil layer of the high-water-content sample in the sample preparation tool by using a scraper, sampling by using the sample cup to obtain a medium-water-content sample, scraping the soil layer of the medium-water-content sample by using the scraper again, and sampling by using the sample cup to obtain a low-water-content sample.
The preparation method and the sampling method of the invention can ensure that the soil paste dry density has good identity in multiple sampling, thereby eliminating the adverse effect of the dry density on the final test result, the overall water content is distributed between 17 percent and 45 percent, the soil paste dry density can basically cover the liquid-plastic limit index of most cohesive soil, basic conditions are created for further test determination, the defect that multiple supplementary tests are needed in the implementation process of the national standard recommendation method is avoided, the working efficiency is greatly improved, and the preparation method and the sampling method have the remarkable advantages of high test efficiency, greatly improved three-point linear rate, strong repeatability of the test result and the like.
Further, the soil sample preparation tool is a PVC pipe with an outer diameter of 200mm and one closed end. The soil sample compactor is a discus with an outer diameter of 195mm, a height of 30mm and a handle welded at the upper end. The sample cup is a stainless steel sample cup with the diameter of 50mm, the height of 40mm and the reserved air holes with the diameter of 2mm at the bottom. The sampling method comprises the steps of pressing the sample cup with the reserved air holes at the bottom into a sample soil layer to obtain soil paste of each layer in a nearly saturated state, and scraping the soil paste in the sample cup by using a scraper.
The soil sample preparation tool and the sample cup can effectively ensure that soil samples with different water contents in the sample cup can have the same dry density in the limit water content test process, and can effectively improve the detection accuracy by combining the sample preparation and sampling methods.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the dry density varying with the depth of a soil layer according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a relationship curve of water content and soil depth in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the water content and the actual cone penetration depth of a sample according to the recommendation of the national Standard (GB/T50123-1999) in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a system curve of the water content and the cone penetration depth of a sample drawn by a vertical penetration stratified sampling method in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the comparative relationship between liquid limits of two test methods in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the comparison of the plastic limit of two test results in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the comparative plasticity index relationship between the two test results of example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The following examples were conducted by using a GYS-III type liquid plastic limit integrated measuring instrument manufactured by Zhejiang Zhongke instruments works.
Example 1
In order to verify the applicability of the improved test method, a parallel comparison test is carried out on 3 soil samples, soil for the test is respectively taken from Nanchang city and surrounding construction sites, and the 3 soil samples are fine soil through a screening test, have the organic matter content of less than 1 percent and meet the relevant requirements of the standard of a limit moisture content test (SL 237-007-. Wherein the soil sample 1 is rich in clay minerals and turns deep red after being air-dried; the clay content of the soil sample 2 is less than that of the clay, and the soil sample is dark yellow; soil sample 3 had the least clay content and was pale yellow.
The specific test scheme is as follows: and (3) after the soil for the three tests passes through a 0.5mm sieve, uniformly coating vaseline on the inner wall of the soil sample preparation tool, filling the soil sample which passes through the 0.5mm sieve after air drying into the soil sample preparation tool, naturally compacting the soil sample to a height of not less than 200mm by using a compactor, adding pure water into the soil sample preparation tool until the liquid level is 50mm, naturally permeating, laminating a film, standing for 24 hours, and obtaining a sample after the stagnant water above the soil sample is completely permeated.
The height of a layered filling soil sample in the soil sample modulation tool is 400mm, the dry density uniformity and the layered water content difference effect of the prepared sample are respectively detected after vertical natural penetration, and finally the prepared sample is repeatedly prepared to carry out a liquid limit plastic limit combined determination test and carry out comparative analysis with a test method recommended by the national standard.
After the preparation of the soil paste is finished, scraping a soil sample within the range of 5cm of the surface layer, sampling from top to bottom every 5cm layer, pressing a sample cup into the soil paste during sampling, sampling 3 cups in parallel for each layer of the soil paste, and then respectively measuring the dry density of the soil paste. The dry density distribution of the prepared soil paste at different depths is shown in FIG. 1, and it can be seen from the graph that the average dry density of the sample 1 is 1.71g/cm as the depth of the soil layer increases3The increase and decrease range along the depth is between 0 and 2.3 percent; sample 2 had an average dry density of 1.76g/cm3The increase and decrease range along the depth is between 0 percent and 2 percent, and the average dry density of the sample 3 is 1.80g/cm3The increase and decrease range along the depth is 0-2%. The dry density change of the three samples has no direct relation with the depth of the soil sample, and can be judged as a random phenomenon or an operation error in the sample preparation process; the maximum error does not exceed 2.3%, and the effect of the error on the penetration depth can be approximately ignored. In conclusion, the optimized soil paste preparation technology can ensure that the dry density is identical when soil paste is sampled for multiple times in the experimental process.
The distribution of the water content of the prepared soil paste at different depths is measured as shown in FIG. 2, and the water content of each sample is reduced along with the increase of the soil sampling depth, the change range of the water content of the sample 1 is 25-45%, the change range of the water content of the sample 2 is 22.5-37.5%, and the change range of the water content of the sample 3 is 17-43%. The soil paste recommended in the national standard needs to be prepared three times, the water adding amount needs to be calculated every time, the optimized soil paste preparation technology can prepare the soil paste basically covering the liquid limit and the plastic limit of the soil sample at one time under the condition of not calculating the water adding amount, and the working efficiency and the accuracy are greatly improved.
Example 2
A typical relation curve diagram of cone penetration depth and water content, which is drawn after a liquid-plastic limit joint measurement test is carried out according to a national standard recommendation method, is shown in figure 3, and the graph shows that measured data points of 3 soil samples are not on the same straight line. According to a test data adjustment scheme given by national standards, after further analyzing the difference value of the 2mm cone penetration depth corresponding to the straight line AB and the straight line AC, the difference value is found to be 5% for the sample 1, 7% for the sample 2 and 4% for the sample 3, the difference values exceed the limit value allowed in the specification, and the test method must be implemented again to measure and calculate the liquid-plastic limit value.
As is clear from FIG. 3, the measurement results of sample 1 and sample 2 show that the three points are not on a straight line, and further analysis revealed that the straight line A is formed1B1And A1C1The corresponding 2mm taper depth difference is 5%, straight line A2B2And A2C21The corresponding 2mm taper depth difference is 7%, which exceeds the limit value allowed in the specification, and the liquid-plastic limit can be measured and calculated by re-testing. After the measurement test is finished and a plurality of supplementary tests are carried out, the relationship between the cone penetration depth and the water content is drawn again as shown in FIG. 4, wherein the liquid limit of the sample 1 is 59.13 percent, and the plastic limit is 34.53 percent; the liquid limit of sample 2 was 41.56% and the plastic limit was 26.71; the liquid limit of sample 3 was 42.37% and the plastic limit was 28.91%.
After the liquid plastic limit measurement is carried out on the three soil samples according to the test technology optimization method provided by the text, a relation curve of the cone penetration depth and the water content with an ideal effect can be drawn through one test, and the liquid plastic limit value can be calculated through data fitting. Sample 1 had a liquid limit of 60.30% and a plastic limit of 35.10; the liquid limit of sample 2 is 42.68%, and the plastic limit is 26.20%; the liquid limit of sample 3 is 41.85% and the plastic limit is 28.91%. See table 1 for details.
TABLE 1 liquid plastic limit Combined determination test results (vertical penetration stratified sampling method)
In order to further compare and optimize the difference of the final measurement results of the two soil sample preparation technologies before and after the optimization, a comparison relation graph of the liquid limit, the plastic limit and the plasticity index of a national standard recommendation method and a vertical permeation stratified sampling method is specially drawn, and is shown in figures 5-7. The figure shows that the liquid limit of the sample 1 is the maximum, the difference between the sample 2 and the sample 3 is not large, and the difference between the liquid limits obtained by the two test methods is 0.81 percent and 0.83 percent respectively; the plastic limit of the sample 1 is also the largest, the difference between the sample 2 and the sample 3 is enlarged compared with the liquid limit, and the plastic limit difference values obtained by the two test methods are 1.68 percent and 2.71 percent respectively; due to the obvious difference between the plastic limits of the samples 2 and 3, the plasticity indexes of the samples 2 and 3 are obviously expanded, and the difference reaches 3.03 and 1.9 respectively. From the point of view of the deviation ratio: the deviations of the liquid limit, the plastic limit and the plasticity index obtained by the national standard recommended method and the vertical penetration stratified sampling method of the sample 1 are respectively 1.8 percent, 1.6 percent and 3.1 percent, the deviations of the liquid limit, the plastic limit and the plasticity index obtained by the national standard recommended method and the vertical penetration stratified sampling method of the sample 2 are respectively 2.6 percent, 1.9 percent and 3.81 percent, the deviations of the liquid limit, the plastic limit and the plasticity index obtained by the sample 3 are respectively 1.2 percent, 1.8 percent and 4 percent, the liquid limit difference sample 2 obtained by the two; sample 3 is the smallest, the plastic limit difference is also the largest for sample 2, reaching 1.9%, sample 3 times is the smallest for sample 1; the plasticity indexes are large, and the deviation rates of the plasticity indexes and the viscosity indexes are all more than 3%, which shows that the difference of the results measured by the national standard recommendation method and the layered sampling method in different cohesive soils is not large. However, in the whole view, except for individual points, the deviation rate of the liquid limit and the plastic limit is basically within 2 percent, and the requirements of qualitative research of cohesive soil and overall evaluation of engineering properties of the cohesive soil can be met.
Claims (7)
1. A sampling method in a liquid plastic limit combined measuring method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) uniformly coating vaseline on the inner wall of the soil sample preparation tool, filling the treated soil sample into the soil sample preparation tool, and naturally compacting by using a compactor; the soil sample preparation tool is a PVC pipe with the outer diameter of 200mm, the height of not less than 250mm and one closed end;
2) slowly injecting pure water into the soil sample preparation tool, naturally permeating, laminating and standing, and obtaining a sample after the water stagnation above the soil sample is completely permeated;
3) after the sample is prepared, taking a surface sample by using a sample cup to obtain a high water content sample, scraping a soil layer of the high water content sample in the sample preparation tool by using a scraper, sampling by using the sample cup to obtain a medium water content sample, scraping the soil layer of the medium water content sample by using the scraper again, and sampling by using the sample cup to obtain a low water content sample; wherein the sample cup is a stainless steel sample cup with the diameter of 50mm, the height of 40mm and the reserved air holes with the diameter of 2mm at the bottom.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil sample compactor in step 1) is a discus with an outer diameter of 195mm, a height of 30mm and a handle welded to its upper end.
3. The method for sampling in the combined determination method of liquid plastic limit according to claim 1, wherein the processed soil sample in step 1) is a soil sample which is dried in the air and then screened by a 0.5mm sieve.
4. The method for sampling in the combined determination of liquid plastic limit according to claim 1, wherein the compacted soil sample height in step 1) is not less than 200 mm.
5. The method for sampling in the united assay method for liquid plastic limit according to claim 1, wherein the amount of pure water added in step 2) is such that the liquid level is 50 mm.
6. The method for sampling in the combined determination method of liquid plastic limit according to claim 1, wherein the standing time of the coated film in the step 2) is 24 h.
7. The method for sampling in the combined liquid plastic limit determination method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sampling method in step 3) is to press a sample cup with a bottom reserved with air holes into a sample soil layer to obtain each layer of soil paste in a nearly saturated state, and to scrape the soil paste in the sample cup with a scraper.
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| CN112730156B (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2022-07-15 | 中国水利水电第十六工程局有限公司 | Method for comprehensively measuring dry water absorption of artificial sand saturated surface |
| CN113567303A (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2021-10-29 | 深圳市市政工程总公司 | Method for measuring liquid limit, plastic limit and plasticity index of dredged sludge |
| CN115931639A (en) * | 2022-12-12 | 2023-04-07 | 青岛理工大学 | Soil classification method for realizing clay content evaluation |
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