CN210347406U - Simple device for measuring unsaturated clay permeability coefficient - Google Patents
Simple device for measuring unsaturated clay permeability coefficient Download PDFInfo
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- CN210347406U CN210347406U CN201921162227.0U CN201921162227U CN210347406U CN 210347406 U CN210347406 U CN 210347406U CN 201921162227 U CN201921162227 U CN 201921162227U CN 210347406 U CN210347406 U CN 210347406U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a simple device for measuring the permeability coefficient of unsaturated clay, which mainly comprises 5 components, wherein a core component is a specially-made organic glass barrel, and a matched component comprises a wooden hole plug, a soil sampler, a soil compactor and a barrel cover; the bottom of the organic glass barrel is provided with a plurality of first small holes for ensuring the air circulation in the barrel, and the periphery of the barrel wall is provided with a plurality of rows of vertically distributed second small holes; the wooden hole plug is used for plugging the second small holes on the periphery of the barrel wall to prevent soil from leaking; the soil sampler comprises a hollow soil sampling pipe and a cylindrical handle and is used for sampling soil; the soil compactor is used for compacting soil of each layer; the barrel cover is used for tightly closing the organic glass barrel. The utility model has simple structure, convenient use and low cost; under the condition of low cost, the utility model discloses can reach the level that the unsaturated soil permeability coefficient that measures with other complicated devices is equivalent, especially adapted field or the occasion that should not adopt large-scale, complicated equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of measure, involve the measurement of osmotic coefficient, concretely relates to simple and easy device of survey unsaturated clay osmotic coefficient.
Background
Unsaturated soil refers to soil with soil pores filled with water and air at the same time, the saturation degree of the soil is less than 100%, and the soil is the soil which is most widely distributed on the earth surface and is often encountered in practical engineering. The problems of instability and damage of a natural side slope after continuous rainfall, the migration process of underground pollutants in a refuse landfill, consolidation of compacted soil in a foundation or a roadbed, the falling of expansive soil and the like relate to the permeability characteristic of unsaturated soil. The permeability coefficient refers to the unit flow rate per hydraulic gradient in an isotropic medium, and represents the ease with which a fluid can pass through a pore framework.
The method has important significance for the experimental measurement and prediction of the permeability coefficients of the unsaturated soil with different initial pore ratios and the related work. However, the permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil cannot be measured by conventional laboratory tests (normal water head method and variable water head method), and according to the research of scholars at home and abroad, the current method for measuring the permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil is generally a direct method or an indirect method. The direct method mainly comprises a steady-state test method and a transient section method, the measurement process needs a long time, the precision requirement on the instrument is high, and the direct measurement by the existing test means is difficult; the indirect method uses a soil-water characteristic curve and a saturated permeability coefficient of soil, and then predicts the unsaturated soil permeability coefficient through an experimental model, so that the obtained data is low in precision. Therefore, in any method, the permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil cannot be accurately and simply obtained.
Scholars at home and abroad have provided a plurality of specific methods for measuring the permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil and have produced a plurality of inventions, but most of the inventions provide devices for measuring the permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil, are provided with not only soil tensiometers, but also a plurality of sensors, and can be connected with a computer for real-time data monitoring. Although these prior inventions can measure the permeability coefficient more accurately, the cost performance is not high, and the method is only suitable for laboratories equipped with computers and the like.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
Aiming at the problems and the defects in the prior art, the utility model provides a simple device for measuring the permeability coefficient of unsaturated clay, which has simple structure and convenient use, and has simple other matching components except a core component, namely a specially-made organic glass barrel, and low cost; under the condition of low cost, the utility model discloses can reach the level that the unsaturated soil permeability coefficient that measures with other complicated devices is equivalent, especially adapted field or the occasion that should not adopt large-scale, complicated equipment.
Therefore, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
a simple device for measuring the permeability coefficient of unsaturated clay mainly comprises 5 components, wherein a core component is a specially-made organic glass barrel, and matched components comprise a wood hole plug, a soil sampler, a soil compactor and a barrel cover; the organic glass barrel is of a barrel-shaped structure with an upward opening, the diameter of the barrel bottom is larger than that of the barrel wall, the barrel bottom is provided with a plurality of first small holes for ensuring air circulation in the barrel, and a plurality of rows of second small holes which are vertically distributed are arranged on the periphery of the barrel wall; the wood hole plug is of a cone frustum-shaped structure and is used for plugging second small holes on the periphery of the barrel wall to prevent soil from leaking; the soil sampler comprises a hollow soil sampling pipe and a cylindrical handle, wherein one end of the soil sampling pipe is sealed by the cylindrical handle, and the soil sampling pipe is used for sampling soil; the bottom of the soil compactor is a flat cylinder, the diameter of the flat cylinder is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the barrel wall of the organic glass barrel, a long and thin cylindrical handle which is not lower than the height of the organic glass barrel is arranged upwards at the center of the flat cylinder, and the soil compactor is used for compacting soil of each layer; the barrel cover is of a step-shaped circular truncated cone structure, is matched with the barrel wall of the organic glass barrel and is used for tightly closing the organic glass barrel to prevent air leakage or other impurities from being mixed.
Preferably, the height of the organic glass barrel is 1500mm, the wall thickness of the barrel is 5mm, the inner diameter is 250mm, the thickness of the barrel bottom is 17mm, and the diameter of the barrel bottom is 350 mm; seven first small holes with the aperture of 50mm are arranged at the bottom of the barrel and are uniformly distributed along the center; six rows of second small holes are arranged on the periphery of the barrel wall, one row is arranged at intervals of 131mm, the hole interval of each row of second small holes is 60mm, the hole diameter is 10mm, and the height of the second small holes is up to 1200mm from the barrel bottom.
Preferably, the wood hole plug has an upper diameter of 9mm, a lower diameter of 12mm and a height of 15 mm.
Preferably, the soil sampler is made of stainless steel and comprises three specifications, wherein the depth of the first soil sampling pipe is 60mm, the thickness of the outer wall is 0.5mm, and the inner diameter is 6 mm; the depth of the second soil sampling pipe is 60mm, the thickness of the outer wall is 0.5mm, and the inner diameter is 7 mm; the depth of the third soil sampling pipe is 60mm, the thickness of the outer wall is 0.5mm, and the inner diameter is 8mm, and the third soil sampling pipe is used for sampling soil with different amounts; the cylindrical handles at the closed ends of the three soil sampling pipes have the same size, and are all 5mm in thickness and 60mm in diameter.
Preferably, the soil compactor is a glass soil compactor, the bottom of the glass soil compactor is a cylinder, the diameter of the cylinder is 240mm, the thickness of the cylinder is 50mm, and the cylinder is solid organic glass; the long and thin cylindrical handle extends out of the center of the circle at the bottom of the cylinder, is 1500mm long and 50mm in diameter and is made of solid organic glass.
Preferably, the barrel cover is a glass barrel cover, the diameter of the round platform at the upper part of the glass barrel cover is 260mm, the thickness of the glass barrel cover is 7mm, and the diameter of the round platform at the lower part of the glass barrel cover is 247mm, and the thickness of the glass barrel cover is 7 mm; the circle center of the upper part of the glass barrel cover is provided with a round ball with the diameter of 50mm, and the round ball is used for taking and placing the glass barrel cover.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are that:
(1) the invention has simple structure and convenient use, and simple components such as a wood hole plug, a glass soil compactor, a glass barrel cover, a soil sampler and the like are arranged besides the organic glass barrel specially made as a core component.
(2) Under the condition of low cost, the permeability coefficient of the unsaturated soil can reach the level equivalent to that of unsaturated soil measured by other complex devices, and the device is very suitable for the field or the occasion where large and complex equipment is not suitable to be adopted.
(3) The permeability coefficient of unsaturated clay can be accurately and quickly obtained.
Drawings
Fig. 1a is a front view of an organic glass barrel in a simple apparatus for measuring an unsaturated clay permeability coefficient provided by the present invention.
Fig. 1b is a top view of the organic glass barrel in the simple device for measuring the permeability coefficient of unsaturated clay provided by the present invention.
Fig. 2a is a front view of a wood hole plug in a simple device for measuring the permeability coefficient of unsaturated clay provided by the present invention.
Fig. 2b is a top view of the wood hole plug in the simple device for measuring the permeability coefficient of unsaturated clay provided by the present invention.
Fig. 3a is a front view of the soil sampler in the simple device for measuring the permeability coefficient of unsaturated clay provided by the present invention.
Fig. 3b is a top view of the soil sampler in the simple apparatus for measuring the permeability coefficient of unsaturated clay provided by the present invention.
Fig. 4a is a front view of the clay pressing device in the simple apparatus for measuring the permeability coefficient of unsaturated clay provided by the present invention.
Fig. 4b is a top view of the clay compactor in the simple apparatus for measuring the permeability coefficient of unsaturated clay according to the present invention.
Fig. 5a is a front view of a barrel cover in a simple apparatus for measuring an osmotic coefficient of unsaturated clay provided by the present invention.
Fig. 5b is a top view of the barrel cover of the simple apparatus for measuring the permeability coefficient of unsaturated clay provided by the present invention.
Where no unit is indicated in the drawings, the units are in mm.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, which are only used for explaining the present invention, but not for limiting the present invention.
The utility model discloses a simple device for measuring the permeability coefficient of unsaturated clay, which mainly comprises 5 components, wherein a core component is a specially-made organic glass barrel, and a matched component comprises a wooden hole plug, a soil sampler, a soil compactor and a barrel cover; the organic glass barrel is of a barrel-shaped structure with an upward opening, the diameter of the barrel bottom is larger than that of the barrel wall, the barrel bottom is provided with a plurality of first small holes for ensuring air circulation in the barrel, and a plurality of rows of second small holes which are vertically distributed are arranged on the periphery of the barrel wall; the wood hole plug is of a cone frustum-shaped structure and is used for plugging second small holes on the periphery of the barrel wall to prevent soil from leaking; the soil sampler comprises a hollow soil sampling pipe and a cylindrical handle, wherein one end of the soil sampling pipe is sealed by the cylindrical handle, and the soil sampling pipe is used for sampling soil; the bottom of the soil compactor is a flat cylinder, the diameter of the flat cylinder is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the barrel wall of the organic glass barrel, a long and thin cylindrical handle which is not lower than the height of the organic glass barrel is arranged upwards at the center of the flat cylinder, and the soil compactor is used for compacting soil of each layer; the barrel cover is of a step-shaped circular truncated cone structure, is matched with the barrel wall of the organic glass barrel and is used for tightly closing the organic glass barrel to prevent air leakage or other impurities from being mixed.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1a and 1b, the organic glass barrel has a barrel height of 1500mm, a barrel wall thickness of 5mm, an inner diameter of 250mm, a barrel bottom thickness of 17mm and a barrel bottom diameter of 350 mm; seven first small holes with the aperture of 50mm are arranged at the bottom of the barrel and are uniformly distributed along the center; six rows of second small holes are arranged on the periphery of the barrel wall, one row is arranged at intervals of 131mm, the hole interval of each row of second small holes is 60mm, the hole diameter is 10mm, and the height of the second small holes is up to 1200mm from the barrel bottom.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2a and 2b, the wood hole plug has an upper diameter of 9mm, a lower diameter of 12mm, and a height of 15 mm.
Specifically, the soil sampler is made of stainless steel and comprises three specifications, wherein the depth of a first soil sampling pipe is 60mm, the thickness of the outer wall is 0.5mm, and the inner diameter is 6mm, as shown in fig. 3a and 3 b; the depth of the second soil sampling pipe is 60mm, the thickness of the outer wall is 0.5mm, and the inner diameter is 7 mm; the depth of the third soil sampling pipe is 60mm, the thickness of the outer wall is 0.5mm, and the inner diameter is 8mm, and the third soil sampling pipe is used for sampling soil with different amounts; the cylindrical handles at the closed ends of the three soil sampling pipes have the same size, and are all 5mm in thickness and 60mm in diameter.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 4a and 4b, the soil compactor is a glass soil compactor, the bottom of which is a cylinder with a diameter of 240mm and a thickness of 50mm, and is solid organic glass; the long and thin cylindrical handle extends out of the center of the circle at the bottom of the cylinder, is 1500mm long and 50mm in diameter and is made of solid organic glass.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 5a and 5b, the barrel cover is a glass barrel cover, the diameter of the round table at the upper part of the glass barrel cover is 260mm, the thickness of the glass barrel cover is 7mm, and the diameter of the round table at the lower part of the glass barrel cover is 247mm, and the thickness of the glass barrel cover is 7 mm; the circle center of the upper part of the glass barrel cover is provided with a round ball with the diameter of 50mm, and the round ball is used for taking and placing the glass barrel cover.
Examples
A simple device for measuring the permeability coefficient of unsaturated clay comprises 5 components, wherein a core component is a specially-made organic glass barrel, the barrel height is 1500mm, the barrel wall thickness is 5mm, the inner diameter is 250mm, the barrel bottom thickness is 17mm, and the diameter is 350mm, so that the bottom area is increased, and the stability is improved; meanwhile, seven first small holes with the aperture of 50mm are formed in the barrel bottom and distributed in the center, so that air circulation in the barrel is guaranteed. Six rows of second small holes are arranged on the periphery of the barrel wall, one row is arranged at intervals of 131mm, the distance between every two rows of second small holes is 60mm, the hole diameter is 10mm, and the distance from the bottom of the barrel to the top is 1200 mm. The accessories comprise a wooden hole plug, a soil sampler, a glass soil compactor and a glass barrel cover. The wooden hole plug is in a circular truncated cone shape, the diameter of the upper part of the wooden hole plug is 9mm, the diameter of the lower part of the wooden hole plug is 12mm, the height of the wooden hole plug is 15mm, and the wooden hole plug is used for plugging second small holes on the periphery of the barrel wall to prevent soil from leaking; the soil sampler is made of stainless steel and has three specifications, wherein the depth of the first soil sampling pipe is 60mm, the thickness of the outer wall is 0.5mm, and the inner diameter is 6 mm; the depth of the second soil sampling pipe is 60mm, the thickness of the outer wall is 0.5mm, and the inner diameter is 7 mm; the depth of the third soil sampling pipe is 60mm, the thickness of the outer wall is 0.5mm, and the inner diameter is 8mm, and the third soil sampling pipe is used for sampling soil with different amounts. Meanwhile, one end of the soil sampler is closed, a cylindrical handle is arranged at the closed end, the thickness is 5mm, the diameter is 60mm, and the soil sampler is convenient to use; the bottom of the glass soil compactor is a cylinder with the diameter of 240mm and the thickness of 50mm, the glass soil compactor is solid organic glass, a slender cylinder handle extends out of the center of the bottom soil compactor, the length of the slender cylinder handle is 1500mm, the diameter of the slender cylinder handle is 50mm, the glass soil compactor is solid organic glass, and the part is used for compacting soil of each layer; the diameter of the glass barrel cover is 260mm, the thickness of the glass barrel cover is 7mm, a cylinder with the diameter being 247mm and the thickness being 7mm is arranged at the lower part of the barrel cover and used for tightly closing the organic glass barrel to prevent air leakage or other impurities from being mixed, and a round ball with the diameter being 50mm is arranged at the circle center of the upper part of the barrel cover and used for taking and placing the glass barrel cover. The above are parameters of all components of the device.
The process of measurement by the device is as follows:
(1) preparing a soil sample: sieving, preparing soil samples with different water contents, bagging and standing for 2-3 days.
(2) All the small holes on the hole wall are tightly plugged by a wooden hole plug, and the outer side and the inner side of the barrel are tightly sealed by preservative films to ensure that the barrel is watertight; and A, B, C, D, E, F are respectively marked on the six rows of second small holes by using a marker pen, so that the data can be conveniently recorded later.
(3) Making a certain dry density soil column, weighing, filling the soil column into a glass barrel, compacting the soil column to a position of 10cm by using a glass soil compactor, and ensuring uniform stress without excessive extrusion; and (5) continuously filling soil for 10 times by the same method until the soil reaches a position of 110cm, and tightly combining layers with each other by taking the condition that no fault occurs as a standard.
(4) After the soil filling is finished, a layer of fine sand with the thickness of 5-8cm is paved on the top end of the soil column, and the uniform infiltration of water is ensured. Spraying 2000ml of water uniformly by a water sprayer, and immediately sealing the top by a preservative film after the water is added so as to prevent the water from losing.
(5) And after a certain time, observing the infiltration condition of the front surface of water, after about 20cm of infiltration, beginning to measure the water content, opening the second pore at the top, horizontally inserting a soil sampler into the second pore to take about 5g of soil, putting the soil sampler into an aluminum box, weighing the soil, drying, measuring the soil, and determining the water content. After taking the soil, the second small hole needs to be plugged in time, and the disturbance of the soil is reduced as much as possible. The water content of A, B, C, D, E, F six rows was measured sequentially at regular time intervals.
(6) And (3) performing penetration tests of the soil with different dry densities by using the method, drawing the measured water content and the soil sampling depth into a curve, and finally calculating the permeability coefficient of the unsaturated soil by combining the curve. The calculation of the permeability coefficient belongs to the category of transient section method, which does not belong to the scope of the present invention, and is not described in detail herein.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principle scope of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A simple device for measuring the permeability coefficient of unsaturated clay mainly comprises 5 components and is characterized in that: the core component is a specially-made organic glass barrel, and the matched components comprise a wood hole plug, a soil sampler, a soil compactor and a barrel cover; the organic glass barrel is of a barrel-shaped structure with an upward opening, the diameter of the barrel bottom is larger than that of the barrel wall, the barrel bottom is provided with a plurality of first small holes for ensuring air circulation in the barrel, and a plurality of rows of second small holes which are vertically distributed are arranged on the periphery of the barrel wall; the wood hole plug is of a cone frustum-shaped structure and is used for plugging second small holes on the periphery of the barrel wall to prevent soil from leaking; the soil sampler comprises a hollow soil sampling pipe and a cylindrical handle, wherein one end of the soil sampling pipe is sealed by the cylindrical handle, and the soil sampling pipe is used for sampling soil; the bottom of the soil compactor is a flat cylinder, the diameter of the flat cylinder is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the barrel wall of the organic glass barrel, a long and thin cylindrical handle which is not lower than the height of the organic glass barrel is arranged upwards at the center of the flat cylinder, and the soil compactor is used for compacting soil of each layer; the barrel cover is of a step-shaped circular truncated cone structure, is matched with the barrel wall of the organic glass barrel and is used for tightly closing the organic glass barrel to prevent air leakage or impurities from being mixed.
2. The simple device for determining the permeability coefficient of unsaturated clay according to claim 1, wherein: the height of the organic glass barrel is 1500mm, the wall thickness of the barrel is 5mm, the inner diameter is 250mm, the thickness of the barrel bottom is 17mm, and the diameter of the barrel bottom is 350 mm; seven first small holes with the aperture of 50mm are arranged at the bottom of the barrel and are uniformly distributed along the center; six rows of second small holes are arranged on the periphery of the barrel wall, one row is arranged at intervals of 131mm, the hole interval of each row of second small holes is 60mm, the hole diameter is 10mm, and the height of the second small holes is up to 1200mm from the barrel bottom.
3. The simple device for determining the permeability coefficient of unsaturated clay according to claim 1, wherein: the diameter of the upper part of the wooden hole plug is 9mm, the diameter of the lower part of the wooden hole plug is 12mm, and the height of the wooden hole plug is 15 mm.
4. The simple device for determining the permeability coefficient of unsaturated clay according to claim 1, wherein: the soil sampler is made of stainless steel and comprises three specifications, wherein the depth of the first soil sampling pipe is 60mm, the thickness of the outer wall is 0.5mm, and the inner diameter is 6 mm; the depth of the second soil sampling pipe is 60mm, the thickness of the outer wall is 0.5mm, and the inner diameter is 7 mm; the depth of the third soil sampling pipe is 60mm, the thickness of the outer wall is 0.5mm, and the inner diameter is 8mm, and the third soil sampling pipe is used for sampling soil with different amounts; the cylindrical handles at the closed ends of the three soil sampling pipes have the same size, and are all 5mm in thickness and 60mm in diameter.
5. The simple device for determining the permeability coefficient of unsaturated clay according to claim 1, wherein: the soil compactor is a glass soil compactor, the bottom of the glass soil compactor is a cylinder, the diameter of the cylinder is 240mm, the thickness of the cylinder is 50mm, and the cylinder is solid organic glass; the long and thin cylindrical handle extends out of the center of the circle at the bottom of the cylinder, is 1500mm long and 50mm in diameter and is made of solid organic glass.
6. The simple device for determining the permeability coefficient of unsaturated clay according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the barrel cover is a glass barrel cover, the diameter of the round platform at the upper part of the glass barrel cover is 260mm, the thickness of the round platform at the upper part of the glass barrel cover is 7mm, the diameter of the round platform at the lower part of the glass barrel cover is 247mm, and the thickness of the round platform at the lower part of the glass barrel cover is 7; the circle center of the upper part of the glass barrel cover is provided with a round ball with the diameter of 50mm, and the round ball is used for taking and placing the glass barrel cover.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110261283A (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2019-09-20 | 桂林理工大学 | A kind of device and method measuring unsaturation clay infiltration coefficient |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110261283A (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2019-09-20 | 桂林理工大学 | A kind of device and method measuring unsaturation clay infiltration coefficient |
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