CN109281404B - Building - Google Patents
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- CN109281404B CN109281404B CN201810950033.0A CN201810950033A CN109281404B CN 109281404 B CN109281404 B CN 109281404B CN 201810950033 A CN201810950033 A CN 201810950033A CN 109281404 B CN109281404 B CN 109281404B
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- overhanging
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- truss
- building
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/34—Extraordinary structures, e.g. with suspended or cantilever parts supported by masts or tower-like structures enclosing elevators or stairs; Features relating to the elastic stability
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/20—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stonelike material
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/20—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stonelike material
- E04B1/21—Connections specially adapted therefor
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a building, which at least comprises a stable unit structure, wherein the stable unit structure comprises a first overhanging unit and a second overhanging unit, the first overhanging unit and the second overhanging unit both comprise a multi-layer structure, one end of the upper layer of the first overhanging unit overhangs a preset distance relative to the adjacent lower layer of the first overhanging unit, the other end of the upper layer of the first overhanging unit is retracted by a preset distance, the second overhanging unit is arranged on the upper part of the first overhanging unit, one end of the upper layer of the second overhanging unit overhangs a preset distance relative to the adjacent lower layer of the second overhanging unit, the overhanging direction of the second overhanging unit is opposite to the overhanging direction of the first overhanging unit, and the stable unit structure comprises a vertical bearing main body and overhanging parts overhanging outside the vertical bearing main body. The overhanging part of the building forms a terrace space with a sky and a land, thereby achieving the function of villa.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of constructional engineering, and particularly relates to a building.
Background
On the premise that the land resources available for urban construction in China are limited, population is continuously increased and urbanization is accelerated, the expandable land in urban centers is smaller and smaller, particularly the rare degree of superior areas of large cities is particularly obvious, on the contrary, the demands of cities on residences are continuously increased, so that the low-density residential form is not suitable for survival in the cities in China, and the advantages of high-rise integrated residences in terms of higher volume rate are widely developed. In most developed cities in China, low-density villa residences are often built in suburban or suburban areas, and people gradually find contradictions between living space quality facing suburban living patterns and time cost for going to and from living places and lack of perfect living matching in the process of living. Therefore, in order to solve the contradiction between comfort and convenience, the villaized integrated house is gradually becoming a new pet for high-end products in the city. The residences are mostly located in the golden section of the city center, the functional layout of villa residences is simulated on the house design, and the residents can be close to nature without leaving the houses and have an 'air garden'; the plane layout design can be optimized, and the living atmosphere with individuality and privacy is like villas; in addition, the panorama balcony facing the city park or water area is known as an 'air villa' in the city by the real estate developers. To some extent, it is equivalent to aggregating villa residences, extending into the sky, and "a small-mountain-of-a-list" is sometimes incomparable with villas.
As a high-quality house, the villa embodies a natural life style, can represent the living culture and spirit, becomes the best living choice for people with good living needs, and has high price, remote living, uneven matching and the like which are important reasons for being unacceptable to common people. The land and construction cost of the aerial villa are equivalent to those of a common high-rise residence, the aerial villa enjoys the quality of the villa and is in a golden section of a city center, the residential building is a new generation residence which is a cantonese of people, the demand crowd is not limited to the elite crowd with high income, but the common masses and medium-yield grades, and the market demand volume is larger than that of the conventional high-rise residence, so that the residential building not only comprises the demand crowd of the conventional high-rise residence, but also comprises a part of the demand crowd of the conventional villa. Therefore, the central villa is used as a city central high-end residence, and the demand is quite wide.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a building which has novel structure and high assembly efficiency, gathers villas and extends to the air.
The above purpose is realized by the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a building, includes a firm unit structure at least, firm unit structure includes first unit and the second unit of encorbelmenting, first unit and the second unit of encorbelmenting all include multilayer structure encorbelmenting, the one end on the upper strata of first unit of encorbelmenting all is relative its adjacent lower floor predetermined distance of encorbelmenting, and the other end all is received predetermined distance, the second unit of encorbelmenting sets up the upper portion of first unit of encorbelmenting, the one end on the upper strata of second unit of encorbelmenting all is relative its adjacent lower floor predetermined distance of encorbelmenting, and the other end all is received predetermined distance, the direction of encorbelmenting of second unit of encorbelmenting is opposite with the direction of encorbelmenting of first unit of encorbelmenting, firm unit structure includes vertical load-bearing main part and encorbelmenting is in the outside the position of vertical load-bearing main part, the position of encorbelmenting adopts truss structure and with vertical load-bearing main part fixed connection at least.
The overhanging part refers to a part overhanging the outside of the vertical bearing main body, and the vertical bearing main body specifically refers to a structural part for bearing the self weight of the building structure and the vertical additional load and live load and transmitting the load to the foundation layer by layer.
The building can be composed of a plurality of stable unit structures, the stable unit structures are triangular stable structures, the whole building is in a fold line type, each overhanging unit of the concrete truss is overhanging gradually, the layer number of each overhanging unit can be set according to specific practical conditions, if each layer of overhanging unit is overhanging for 2.1 meters, the 4 layers are overhanging for 8.4 meters in total, the overhanging part forms a space with a sky and a land space with a space down, the function of villa is achieved, trees and the like can be planted on the space, the functional layout of the villa house is simulated on the house design, the villa house is assembled and extends to the air, the resident can approach nature without going out, the plane layout design can be optimized, the resident has personal private living atmosphere like the villa, and the air villa is formed; experiments prove that the overhanging structure can meet the structural safety and use requirements.
Specifically, this building is in the floor direction of upwards receiving, the upper space of every layer is open, the formation is upper to have a day, the direction of upwards increasing overhanging, every layer lower space is unoccluded, called lower ground, every layer of one side house type all has a direction to have a day, can plant, form the garden, and this high-grade sky villa is 2 layers of one family generally, then the tree plant of first layer can surpass the layer height, stretch to the second floor, make 2 layers all enjoy the function of garden villa.
The top layer of the first overhanging unit is the bottom layer of the second overhanging unit, and the top layer of the first overhanging unit and the second overhanging unit are symmetrically arranged. Therefore, the modeling accords with the aesthetic sense, and the overall stress performance of the building is more balanced, so that the building is favorable for earthquake resistance.
The vertical bearing body adopts a frame structure or a shear wall structure, and the truss structure adopts a steel truss or a concrete truss. Therefore, only the overhanging part of the building structure is an assembled truss structure so as to form an aerial villa function, the overhanging function of the truss is fully utilized, and the height and the earthquake resistance of the vertical bearing main body depend on the arrangement condition of the shear wall of the non-overhanging part structural main body.
According to the technical scheme, the vertical bearing main body and the overhanging parts are of concrete truss structures, each layer of the building at least comprises a plurality of rows of concrete trusses extending along the overhanging direction of the first overhanging unit or the second overhanging unit, the whole concrete trusses are in a parallelogram shape, the concrete trusses in the plurality of rows are connected through precast beams, precast slabs of the building are fixedly connected with the concrete trusses, and the concrete trusses in the upper layer and the concrete trusses in the lower layer in the same row are fixedly connected into a whole.
So, by prefabricated truss assembly constitution in this building, its vertical load is supported by vertical truss, and the space structure resistance that horizontal seismic load comprises the truss is not high at the layer number, and the earthquake power is less, can satisfy the antidetonation requirement. The concrete truss can be used as a main bearing member of a main structure of a building, can replace prefabricated columns and wallboards, adopts a truss with lighter weight than that of pure solid concrete, is beneficial to the overall economy and earthquake resistance of the structure, can save a large amount of concrete and reinforcing steel bar materials, is beneficial to the communication between rooms, so as to form an indoor variable large space and achieve the large space function of villas.
According to a further technical scheme, the concrete truss comprises a plurality of horizontally spliced concrete truss units, and the concrete truss units are connected into a whole. Thus, the concrete truss unit component is smaller and lighter, is convenient to transport and hoist, and is relatively better in integrity and high in installation efficiency by being assembled into the integral concrete truss in the assembly process.
According to the technical scheme, horizontally spliced concrete truss units are connected through prestressed tendons, horizontal through holes are formed in the upper chords and the lower chords of the concrete truss units, the through holes of the horizontally spliced concrete truss units are communicated, and the prestressed tendons penetrate through the through holes and are fixed through tensioning anchors. Therefore, the assembly efficiency is high, the concrete truss has good integrity, and the force transmission is facilitated.
According to the technical scheme, the concrete truss units are connected through mortise and tenon joints, the mortise and tenon joint parts of the mutually spliced concrete truss units are provided with vertical through holes, and the through ribs are connected with the concrete truss units which are arranged adjacently into a whole in a penetrating mode.
According to the technical scheme, the upper concrete truss and the lower concrete truss of the same row are fixedly connected into a whole, the top and the bottom of the concrete truss are respectively provided with an extending rib and a grouting hole, the extending rib of the lower concrete truss extends into the grouting hole of the upper concrete truss, and mortar is poured into the grouting hole. Therefore, the lower concrete truss and the upper concrete truss are connected into a whole to form a multi-layer concrete truss structure, the multi-layer concrete truss structure can be applied to multi-layer buildings, the connection is reliable, the upper concrete truss and the lower concrete truss form effective dry connection, wet operation can be reduced, the conduction of force between the upper concrete truss and the lower concrete truss is facilitated, meanwhile, the field installation efficiency is greatly improved, and the construction speed is improved.
According to the technical scheme, the prefabricated floor slab is lapped on the concrete truss and fixedly connected with the concrete truss, a notch and a convex block are arranged on the splicing side of the prefabricated floor slab, and the convex block is lapped on the concrete truss. So, make full use of concrete truss's structural feature to be equipped with notch and lug in precast floor slab's concatenation side, with the precast floor slab overlap joint on concrete truss in the assembly process with two fixed connection, the vertical web member, the bottom that concrete supported and the part that concrete frame links to each other then can be held in the notch, precast floor slab will load transfer for concrete truss. The truss adopted by the invention is lighter than pure solid concrete, is favorable for earthquake resistance, can save a large amount of concrete and reinforcing steel bar materials, has standardized and modularized production dies and high efficiency, and can be favorable for communication among rooms to form different functions.
The concrete truss is characterized in that a notch is formed in the top of the concrete truss, two ends of the precast beam are respectively lapped in the notches in the tops of the two rows of adjacent concrete trusses, the precast beam is provided with a cross-connection hole, a notch is formed in the upper portion of the precast beam, the cross-connection hole is communicated with the notch, the connecting piece penetrates through the cross-connection hole and stretches into the notch, a fastening piece is arranged in the notch, and the fastening piece is connected with the connecting piece.
The further technical scheme is that the connecting piece is a screw rod, the fastening piece is a nut, one end of the screw rod is anchored in the concrete truss, and the other end of the screw rod is connected with the nut in a penetrating mode.
The further technical scheme is that grouting material is poured into the through holes and the notches. According to the invention, the concrete truss and the precast beam are effectively connected in a dry mode through the connecting piece and the fastening piece which are inserted into the through holes of the precast beam, in the assembling process, when the concrete truss is erected, the end part of the precast beam is only required to be lapped in the notch arranged in the precast beam in the hoisting process of the precast beam, meanwhile, the connecting piece is inserted into the through holes and the notch in the precast beam, and then the connecting piece is fastened through the fastening piece.
The concrete truss unit comprises a concrete frame and concrete supports arranged in the concrete frame, wherein the concrete frame comprises vertical web members, the concrete frame is divided into a plurality of polygonal frames by the vertical web members, and two ends of each concrete support are connected with diagonal points of the polygonal frames.
It should be noted that, when the frame of concrete frame is non-hypotenuse, vertical web member separates the concrete frame into a plurality of quadrangle frames, the both ends of concrete branch are connected respectively the diagonal point of quadrangle frame, and when a certain frame of concrete frame is the hypotenuse, then one of them polygonal frame that separates and forms is triangle-shaped frame, need not to set up the concrete support in the triangle-shaped frame.
According to a further technical scheme, the hollow part in the concrete truss is filled with foam concrete or a sound insulation plate. In this way, the inner partition wall is formed by filling the foam concrete or the sound insulation plate truss, the foam concrete can be installed after being prefabricated in the concrete assembly process, the foam concrete can also be filled in a pouring mode, and the triangular sound insulation plate can be connected with the concrete truss unit by adopting self-tapping nails or shooting nails.
The concrete frame comprises a concrete frame body, wherein the upper part and the lower part of the inner wall of the concrete frame body are respectively provided with a first embedded part, the concrete support comprises an inclined strut, two ends of the inclined strut are respectively provided with a second embedded part, and the first embedded parts and the second embedded parts are detachably connected. Therefore, the building can be dismantled in places where the building is not required to be arranged, the mode change is flexible, and if the later house type needs to be changed, a plurality of rooms are opened, and the concrete support can be dismantled to directly form a large space on the premise of meeting structural stress.
The technical scheme is that the first embedded part and the second embedded part at least comprise connecting plates, threaded connecting holes are formed in the connecting plates, and the first embedded part and the second embedded part are connected through bolts. Therefore, the assembly and disassembly are simple and convenient, and the connection is reliable.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention.
FIGS. 1 to 5 are schematic structural views of a building according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a first layer concrete truss arrangement of a building in accordance with one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of an arrangement of a concrete truss and precast beams for a building according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of an arrangement of precast floor slabs according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of the first cantilever unit according to an embodiment of the present invention after the assembly is completed;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a assembled stability unit according to an embodiment of the present invention; intent;
FIGS. 11 to 13 are schematic views showing the structure of a concrete truss according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a connection node between a concrete truss and a precast floor plank according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the connection node A-A of the concrete truss of FIG. 14 with a precast floor slab;
FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the connection node B-B surface of the concrete truss of FIG. 15 with a precast floor slab;
fig. 17 and 18 are schematic structural views of a concrete truss unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 19 to 21 are graphs showing the results of finite element analysis in the different examples.
In the figure:
1 concrete truss 2 precast beam 3 precast floor slab 4 concrete truss unit
5 core tube 6 first overhanging unit 7 second overhanging unit 8 shear wall
9 first embedded part of concrete frame 12 of upper chord 10 and lower chord 11
13 second embedded part 14 vertical web member 15 concrete support 16 notch
17-bump 18-prestressed rib 19-tensioning anchorage 20-foaming concrete
21 bolt 22 extends out of rib 23 grouting hole 24 and penetrates through rib
25 vertical bearing main body 26 overhanging part 27 foundation 28 through hole
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, is given by way of illustration and explanation only, and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention in any way. Furthermore, the features in the embodiments and in the different embodiments in this document can be combined accordingly by a person skilled in the art from the description of this document.
Referring to fig. 1 to 10, the building at least comprises a stable unit structure, the stable unit structure comprises a first overhanging unit 6 and a second overhanging unit 7, the first overhanging unit 6 and the second overhanging unit 7 comprise multi-layer structures, one end of an upper layer of the first overhanging unit 6 overhangs a preset distance relative to an adjacent lower layer of the first overhanging unit, the other end of the upper layer of the first overhanging unit 6 is retracted by a preset distance, the second overhanging unit 7 is arranged on the upper portion of the first overhanging unit 6, one end of an upper layer of the second overhanging unit 7 overhangs a preset distance relative to an adjacent lower layer of the second overhanging unit, the other end of the second overhanging unit 7 overhangs a preset distance, the overhanging direction of the second overhanging unit 7 is opposite to that of the first overhanging unit 6, the stable unit structure comprises a vertical bearing body 25 and an overhanging part 26 outside the vertical bearing body 25, and at least the overhanging part 26 adopts a truss structure and is fixedly connected with the vertical bearing body 25.
The overhanging portion 26 refers to a portion overhanging the vertical load-bearing body 25, and the vertical load-bearing body 25 specifically refers to a structural portion that receives the self weight of the building structure and the vertical additional load and live load and transmits the load to the foundation 27 layer by layer.
The building can be composed of a plurality of stable unit structures, the stable unit structures are triangular stable structures, the whole building is in a fold line type, each overhanging unit of the concrete truss 1 is overhanging gradually, the layer number of each overhanging unit can be set according to specific practical conditions, if each layer of overhanging unit is overhanging for 2.1 meters, the 4 layers are overhanging for 8.4 meters, the overhanging part 26 forms a space with a sky and a land space with a land, the function of villa is achieved, trees and the like can be planted on the space, the functional layout of the villa house is simulated on the house design, the villa house is integrated and extends to the air, the resident can be close to nature without going out, the plane layout design can be optimized, the private living atmosphere is possessed like the villa, and the air villa is formed; experiments prove that the overhanging structure can meet the structural safety and use requirements.
Specifically, this building is in the floor direction of upwards receiving, the upper space of every layer is open, the formation is upper to have a day, the direction of upwards increasing overhanging, every layer lower space is unoccluded, called lower ground, every layer of one side house type all has a direction to have a day, can plant, form the garden, and this high-grade sky villa is 2 layers of one family generally, then the tree plant of first layer can surpass the layer height, stretch to the second floor, make 2 layers all enjoy the function of garden villa.
In another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the top layer of the first overhanging unit 6 is the bottom layer of the second overhanging unit 7, and the top layer of the first overhanging unit 6 and the second overhanging unit 7 are symmetrically arranged. Therefore, the modeling accords with the aesthetic sense, and the overall stress performance of the building is more balanced, so that the building is favorable for earthquake resistance.
On the basis of the above embodiment, in another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the vertical load-bearing body 25 adopts a frame structure or a shear wall 8 structure, and the truss structure adopts a steel truss or a concrete truss 1. Thus, only the overhanging part 26 of the building structure is an assembled truss structure so as to form an air villa function, the overhanging function of the truss is fully utilized, and the height and the anti-seismic performance of the vertical bearing main body 25 depend on the arrangement condition of the shear wall 8 of the non-overhanging part structural main body.
In another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2 and 6, the vertical load-bearing body 25 and the overhanging portion 26 are both in a concrete truss 1 structure, each layer of the building at least includes a plurality of rows of concrete trusses 1 extending along the overhanging direction of the first overhanging unit 6 or the second overhanging unit 7, the concrete trusses 1 are integrally formed as a parallelogram, the concrete trusses 1 of the plurality of rows are connected by precast beams 2, and the precast floor slab 3 of the building is fixedly connected with the concrete trusses 1, and the concrete trusses 1 of the upper layer and the concrete trusses 1 of the lower layer of the same row are fixedly connected into an integral.
So, this building is assembled by prefabricated truss and is constituteed, and its vertical load is supported by vertical truss, and the space structure resistance that horizontal seismic load was constituteed by the truss is not high at the layer number, and the earthquake power is less, can satisfy the antidetonation requirement. The concrete truss 1 can be used as a main bearing member of a main structure of a building, can replace prefabricated columns and wallboards, adopts a truss with lighter weight than that of pure solid concrete, is beneficial to the overall economy and earthquake resistance of the structure, can save a large amount of concrete and reinforcing steel bar materials, and can be beneficial to the communication between rooms so as to form an indoor variable large space and achieve the large space function of villas.
In order to better resist horizontal seismic loads, a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, introduces a shear wall 8 into the concrete truss 1, and can meet the earthquake-resistant requirement when the number of layers is not high, the earthquake force is large, or the number of layers is high, the earthquake force is small.
Specifically, every layer of assembled concrete truss 1 building structure all is equipped with shear wall 8 and concrete truss 1, concrete truss 1 vertically is equipped with the multirow, shear wall 8 two-way arrangement is in vertical bearing body 25 within range, shear wall 8, multirow concrete truss 1 pass through precast beam 2 and link to each other, precast floor 3 with concrete truss 1 and/or shear wall 8 fixed connection, shear wall 8 and at least one row of concrete truss 1 fixed connection, the concrete truss 1 of upper strata and the concrete truss 1 fixed connection of lower floor of same row become wholly, and the shear wall 8 of vertical setting is from down to last continuous arrangement and connection become wholly along assembled concrete truss 1 building structure wholly.
Preferably, bidirectional means that the shear walls 8 are uniformly arranged along the overhanging direction and the vertical direction within the vertical load-bearing body 25, and preferably the shear walls are disposed at four corners of the vertical load-bearing body 25. The shear wall 8 is specifically arranged in a manner that prefabricated wallboards which are arranged vertically and horizontally bear X-directional earthquake force and Y-directional earthquake force respectively, a bidirectional lateral force resisting system is formed, and the earthquake resistance of the building structure system is better.
In another specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, each layer of the building is provided with a shear wall 8 and concrete trusses 1, the concrete trusses 1 are longitudinally provided with a plurality of rows, the shear walls 8 are continuously arranged from bottom to top along the whole of the assembled shear wall 8-concrete trusses 1 overhanging type building and are surrounded into at least one core tube 5, the core tubes 5 are arranged in the range of the vertical bearing main body 25, the shear walls 8 and the concrete trusses 1 are connected through precast beams 2, the precast floor slabs 3 are fixedly connected with the concrete trusses 1 and/or the shear walls 8, the shear walls 8 are at least fixedly connected with one row of the concrete trusses 1, and the concrete trusses 1 on the upper layer and the concrete trusses 1 on the lower layer of the same row are fixedly connected into a whole.
The core tube 5 is preferably arranged in a vertical transportation core, wraps stairs or elevators, and has stronger stability after the prefabricated wallboard forms the core tube 5, so that the stress of the core tube 5 is better than that of a single wall arranged independently, the core tube 5 can be arranged in a stairway of a building to protect an escape passage of the building, and the safety of the stairway is ensured when the building is subjected to earthquake.
On the basis of the above embodiment, in another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 11 and 12, the concrete truss 1 includes a plurality of horizontally spliced concrete truss units 4, and the concrete truss units 4 are integrally connected. Thus, the concrete truss unit 4 members are smaller and lighter, are convenient to transport and hoist, and are assembled into the integral concrete truss 1 in the assembling process, so that the integral concrete truss is relatively good in integrity and high in installation efficiency.
In another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 11, the horizontally spliced concrete truss units 4 are connected by prestressed tendons 18, the upper chords 9 and the lower chords 10 of the concrete truss units 4 are respectively provided with a horizontal through hole 28, the through holes 28 of the horizontally spliced concrete truss units 4 are communicated, and the prestressed tendons 18 penetrate through the through holes 28 and are fixed by tensioning anchors 19. Thus, the assembly efficiency is high, the integrity of the concrete truss 1 is good, and the force transmission is facilitated.
Based on the above embodiment, in another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 12, the concrete truss units 4 are connected by mortise and tenon joints, and the mortise and tenon joint parts of the mutually spliced concrete truss units 4 are provided with vertical through holes 28, and the through ribs 24 are connected with the adjacently arranged concrete truss units 4 integrally through the vertical through holes 28.
In another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 13, the upper concrete truss 1 and the lower concrete truss 1 of the same row are fixedly connected into a whole, the top and the bottom of the concrete truss 1 are respectively provided with an extension rib 22 and a grouting hole 23, the extension rib 22 of the lower concrete truss 1 extends into the grouting hole 23 of the upper concrete truss 1, and mortar is poured into the grouting hole 23.
Therefore, the lower concrete truss 1 and the upper concrete truss 1 are connected into a whole to form a multi-layer concrete truss 1 structure, the multi-layer concrete truss can be applied to multi-layer buildings, the connection is reliable, the upper concrete truss 1 and the lower concrete truss 1 form effective dry connection, wet operation can be reduced, the conduction of force between the upper concrete truss 1 and the lower concrete truss 1 is facilitated, meanwhile, the field installation efficiency is greatly improved, and the construction speed is improved.
On the basis of the above embodiment, in another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 14 to 16, the precast floor slab 3 is lapped on the concrete truss 1 and fixedly connected with the concrete truss 1, a notch 16 and a bump 17 are provided on the splicing side of the precast floor slab 3, and the bump 17 is lapped on the concrete truss 1. So, make full use of concrete truss 1's structural feature to be equipped with notch 16 and lug 17 at precast floor slab 3's concatenation side, with precast floor slab 3 overlap joint on concrete truss 1 in the assembly process with two fixed connection, the vertical web member 14, the bottom of concrete support 15 and the part that concrete frame 11 links to each other then can be held in notch 16, precast floor slab 3 gives concrete truss 1 with the load. The truss adopted by the invention is lighter than pure solid concrete, is favorable for earthquake resistance, can save a large amount of concrete and reinforcing steel bar materials, has standardized and modularized production dies and high efficiency, and can be favorable for communication among rooms to form different functions.
In another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 15 and 16, the concrete frame 11 is provided with an extending rib 22, the protruding block 17 of the precast floor slab 3 is provided with a through hole 28, the extending rib 22 is connected with the through hole 28 in a penetrating manner, and grouting material is poured into the through hole 28. Therefore, the structure is favorable for the conduction of force between the precast floor slab 3 and the concrete truss 1, simultaneously greatly improves the efficiency of on-site installation, improves the construction speed, can connect the precast floor slab 3 and the concrete truss 1 into a whole through grouting materials, further increases the integrity of the structure, is more reliable in connection, can effectively restrict the end part of the precast floor slab 3, and ensures that the connection node is less or even not damaged under the action of an earthquake. The grouting material is preferably mortar.
On the basis of the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, in another embodiment of the present invention, a notch is formed at the top of the concrete truss 1, two ends of the precast beam 2 are respectively overlapped in the notches at the tops of the two adjacent rows of concrete trusses 1, a connecting piece is formed at the top of the concrete truss 1, the precast beam 2 is provided with a through hole 28, a notch is formed at the upper part of the precast beam 2, the through hole 28 is communicated with the notch, the connecting piece passes through the through hole 28 and stretches into the notch, a fastening piece is arranged in the notch, and the fastening piece is connected with the connecting piece.
On the basis of the above embodiment, in another embodiment of the present invention, the connecting piece is a screw, the fastening piece is a nut, one end of the screw is anchored in the concrete truss 1, and the other end of the screw is connected with the nut in a penetrating way.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the through-hole 28 and the recess are filled with grouting material based on the above embodiment. According to the invention, the concrete truss 1 and the precast beam 2 are effectively connected in a dry mode through the connecting piece and the fastening piece which are inserted into the through holes 28 of the precast beam 2, in the assembling process, when the concrete truss 1 is erected, the end part of the precast beam 2 is only required to be lapped in a notch arranged in the concrete truss 1 in the hoisting process of the precast beam 2, meanwhile, the connecting piece is inserted into the through holes 28 and the notch in the precast beam 2, and then the connecting piece is fastened through the fastening piece, so that the structure is beneficial to the force conduction between the concrete truss 1 and the precast beam 2, meanwhile, the field installation efficiency is greatly improved, and the construction speed is improved.
On the basis of the above embodiment, in another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 17, the concrete truss unit 4 includes a concrete frame 11 and a concrete support 15 disposed in the concrete frame 11, the concrete frame 11 includes vertical web members 14, the concrete frame 11 is divided into a plurality of polygonal frames by the vertical web members 14, and two ends of the concrete support 15 are connected to diagonal points of the polygonal frames.
It should be noted that, when the border of the concrete frame 11 is a non-hypotenuse, the vertical web members 14 divide the concrete frame 11 into a plurality of quadrilateral frames, two ends of the concrete branch are respectively connected to diagonal points of the quadrilateral frames, and when one border of the concrete frame 11 is a hypotenuse, one of the partitioned polygonal frames is a triangular frame, and the triangular frame does not need to be provided with the concrete support 15.
Based on the above embodiment, in another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 18, the foam concrete 20 or the sound insulation board truss forms an inner partition wall, and in a specific assembly process, the foam concrete 20 may be installed after prefabrication, or may be filled by pouring, and the triangular sound insulation board may be connected to the concrete truss unit 4 by self-tapping nails or nail-shooting.
On the basis of the above embodiment, in another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 17, the upper portion and the lower portion of the inner wall of the concrete frame are both provided with the first embedded part 12, the concrete support 15 includes an inclined strut, two ends of the inclined strut are both provided with the second embedded part 13, and the first embedded part 12 and the second embedded part 13 are detachably connected. Therefore, the building can be dismantled in places where the building is not required to be arranged, the mode change is flexible, and if the later house type needs to be changed, a plurality of rooms are opened, and the concrete support 15 can be dismantled on the premise of meeting the structural stress to directly form a large space.
On the basis of the above embodiment, in another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 17, each of the first embedded part 12 and the second embedded part 13 at least includes a connecting plate, a threaded connecting hole is provided on the connecting plate, and the first embedded part 12 and the second embedded part 13 are connected by a bolt 21. Therefore, the assembly and disassembly are simple and convenient, and the connection is reliable.
Under one embodiment, as shown in fig. 19, the result of finite element analysis, calculation and verification is that the building height is 16 layers (48 m height in total), the accumulated horizontal displacement of the building is 18.8mm under the earthquake action of 8 degrees region (larger earthquake force), the horizontal displacement of each layer is about 1.2mm (18.8/16=1.2), the interlayer displacement angle is 1/2500 (1.2/3000, wherein 3000mm is the layer height), and the limit value of the strictest 1/1200 displacement angle in the assembled high-rise structure is smaller, so that the earthquake-proof requirement is met.
As shown in fig. 20, the cumulative horizontal displacement of the building under the action of the earthquake in the 6-degree area (the earthquake force is small) is 50mm at the building height of 32 floors (96 m height in total), each floor horizontal displacement is about 1.6mm (50/32=1.6), the inter-floor displacement angle is 1/1875 (1.6/3000, 3000mm is the floor height), and the limit value of the most strict 1/1200 displacement angle in the assembled high-rise structure is smaller, so that the earthquake-proof requirement is met.
As shown in fig. 21, as shown in the drawing, the vertical displacement of the overhanging portion under the vertical load and the earthquake load is 23.5mm at maximum, the overhanging total distance is 16m, the deflection limit value of the cantilever member is 2 x 16000/400=80 mm, and the vertical maximum displacement is smaller than the deflection limit value, so that the overhanging structure can meet the structural safety and the use requirement.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The building is characterized by comprising at least one stable unit structure, wherein the stable unit structure comprises a first overhanging unit and a second overhanging unit, the first overhanging unit and the second overhanging unit comprise a multi-layer structure, one end of the upper layer of the first overhanging unit overhangs a preset distance relative to the adjacent lower layer of the first overhanging unit, the other end of the upper layer of the first overhanging unit is retracted by a preset distance, one end of the upper layer of the second overhanging unit overhangs a preset distance relative to the adjacent lower layer of the second overhanging unit, the other end of the upper layer of the second overhanging unit is retracted by a preset distance, the overhanging direction of the second overhanging unit is opposite to the overhanging direction of the first overhanging unit, the stable unit structure comprises a vertical bearing main body and overhanging parts outside the vertical bearing main body, and at least the overhanging parts adopt a truss structure and are fixedly connected with the vertical bearing main body.
2. The building of claim 1, wherein the top layer of the first overhanging unit is a bottom layer of the second overhanging unit, and the top layer of the first overhanging unit and the second overhanging unit are symmetrically arranged.
3. A building according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the vertical load-bearing body is of a frame structure or shear wall structure and the truss structure is of a steel truss or concrete truss.
4. The building according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the vertical load-bearing body and the overhanging portion are both of a concrete truss structure, each layer of the building at least comprises a plurality of rows of concrete trusses extending along the overhanging direction of the first overhanging unit or the second overhanging unit, the whole concrete trusses are parallelogram, the plurality of rows of concrete trusses are connected through precast beams, precast floor slabs of the building are fixedly connected with the concrete trusses, and the upper concrete trusses and the lower concrete trusses of the same row are fixedly connected into a whole.
5. The building of claim 4, wherein the concrete truss comprises a plurality of horizontally spliced concrete truss units, the concrete truss units being connected in one piece.
6. The building of claim 5, wherein the horizontally spliced concrete truss units are connected by tendons, wherein the upper chords and the lower chords of the concrete truss units are each provided with a horizontal through-hole, wherein the through-holes of the horizontally spliced concrete truss units are in communication, and wherein the tendons extend through the through-holes and are secured by tensioning anchors.
7. The building of claim 5, wherein the concrete truss units are connected by mortise and tenon joints, mortise and tenon joint parts of the mutually spliced concrete truss units are provided with vertical through holes, and the through ribs are connected with the adjacently arranged concrete truss units into a whole in a penetrating way.
8. The building according to claim 5, wherein the upper concrete truss and the lower concrete truss of the same row are fixedly connected into a whole, the top and the bottom of the concrete truss are respectively provided with an extension rib and a grouting hole, the extension rib of the lower concrete truss extends into the grouting hole of the upper concrete truss, and mortar is poured into the grouting hole.
9. The building of claim 8, wherein the precast floor panels overlap the concrete truss and are fixedly connected thereto, the splice sides of the precast floor panels are provided with notches and projections, and the projections overlap the concrete truss.
10. The building of claim 9, wherein the concrete truss unit comprises a concrete frame and a concrete support disposed within the concrete frame, the concrete frame comprising vertical web members dividing the concrete frame into a plurality of polygonal frames, two ends of the concrete support being connected at diagonal points of the polygonal frames.
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