CN109269918B - Rock mechanical testing machine capable of continuously changing shearing direction - Google Patents
Rock mechanical testing machine capable of continuously changing shearing direction Download PDFInfo
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- CN109269918B CN109269918B CN201811490608.1A CN201811490608A CN109269918B CN 109269918 B CN109269918 B CN 109269918B CN 201811490608 A CN201811490608 A CN 201811490608A CN 109269918 B CN109269918 B CN 109269918B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0025—Shearing
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Abstract
The invention relates to an indoor rock mechanical testing device, in particular to a rock mechanical testing machine capable of continuously changing a shearing direction, and belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering. The rock mechanical testing machine capable of continuously changing the shearing direction solves the problem that the traditional shearing test cannot change the shearing direction, can independently or mixedly control the application of normal stress, the application of shearing stress and the rotation of a shearing surface, has simple structure and strong practicability, is used for rock mechanical theory and test, and can be widely used for accurately describing the rock breaking process and breaking mechanism in engineering.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an indoor rock mechanical testing device, in particular to a rock mechanical testing machine capable of continuously changing a shearing direction, and belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering.
Background
In geotechnical engineering, rock-soil body damage is expressed in the forms of compression shear damage, tension shear damage and the like. Wherein, for the rock and soil body with confining pressure or supported, the pressure shear damage is more common. Because the loading measures of the compression shear are easy to implement, the compression shear test research is early and is commonly adopted in the geotechnical engineering test field. When a traditional compression shear test is adopted for a shear test, a vertical normal load is firstly applied to a sample, then the normal load is kept unchanged, a shear load parallel to a shear plane is applied, and in the whole test process, the directions of the normal load and the shear load are vertical and unchanged. However, in actual engineering, the direction of the fracture surface of the rock-soil body is not fixed. For example, if a certain position in the roadbed is damaged under the action of the load movement change of the vehicle, the direction of the microcrack at the position is gradually changed; when the deep buried tunnel is excavated, the stress unit body at one point in the surrounding rock gradually rotates along with the increase of the excavation footage, and correspondingly, the shearing fracture surface gradually changes; when an earthquake acts, the fracture surface of the rock body continuously changes under the influence of dynamic load. It can be seen that the direction of rock mass fracture gradually changes under the influence of complex load in engineering.
Therefore, the conventional compression shear test instrument can only complete the shear test with fixed normal load and shear load directions, but the direction of the rock mass fracture surface in the engineering is not fixed, the conventional compression shear test instrument cannot realize the test research of the change of the direction of the rock mass fracture surface, and the research and development of a rock mechanical test machine capable of continuously changing the shear direction is needed to realize the accurate description of the rock mass fracture process and the fracture mechanism in the engineering.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the rock mechanical testing machine which has a simple structure and strong practicability, is used for the rock mechanical theory and test and can continuously change the shearing direction.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical measures:
the testing machine consists of a bearing platform, a first gear, a motor, a second gear, a bearing end cover, a pillar, a shear box and a stress application device, wherein the bearing platform is in a three-stage hollow cylindrical boss shape with variable outer diameter, threaded holes are symmetrically formed in the direction orthogonal to the upper boss of the bearing platform, a key slot is formed in the middle boss of the bearing platform, a gear pin is placed in the key slot of the middle boss of the bearing platform, the second gear is installed outside the middle boss of the bearing platform through the cooperation of the gear pin, the bearing is installed outside the lower boss of the bearing platform in the cooperation of the bearing, the middle boss of the bearing platform, the gear pin and the second gear are placed on the inner ring of the bearing, the outer ring of the bearing is fixed on the bearing end cover, the pillar is cylindrical, the pillar is placed on the bearing end cover, the first gear is installed on the motor, the first gear is installed in the cooperation of the second gear, the sample is cylindrical, the sample is placed on the pillar, and the upper pressure plate is placed on the sample, the shearing box consists of a rear box, a front box, a first force transmission block, a second force transmission block and a spherical hinge seat, wherein the rear box and the front box are in a rectangular arch shape, the lower surfaces of the rear box and the front box are uniformly provided with grooves along the circular arc direction, the upper surface of a bearing platform is provided with circular ring-shaped grooves, balls are placed in the grooves of the bearing platform, the rear box and the front box are placed on the balls, the grooves of the rear box and the front box are contacted with the balls in a matched manner, a sample is placed between the circular arc-shaped front surface of the rear box and the circular arc-shaped rear surface of the front box, the first force transmission block and the second force transmission block are in an L shape, the right end of the front box is fixedly connected with the first force transmission block, the left end of the rear box is fixedly connected with the second force transmission block, the spherical hinge seat is fixed at the left end of the second force transmission block, the heights of the sample and the rear box are equal, the lower surfaces of the rear box and the front box are coplanar with the lower surfaces of the sample, the support and the radius of the sample are equal, and the force application device is composed of a vertical jack, the device comprises a first ball plate, a first connecting rod, a first baffle, a first horizontal jack, a second baffle, a second horizontal jack, a second ball plate, a third baffle, a second connecting rod and a fourth baffle, wherein the vertical jack is positioned above a sample, the upper part of the vertical jack is fixed on an external frame, the lower part of the vertical jack is fixedly connected with the first ball plate, the vertical jack, the sample, a support column and a central axis of a bearing end cover are collinear, the left end of the first connecting rod is contacted with the right end of a first force transmission block, the right end of the first connecting rod is fixed at the left end of the first baffle, the first horizontal jack is positioned at the left end of a second force transmission block, the left end of the first horizontal jack is fixed at the right end of the second baffle, the first connecting rod is collinear with the central axis of the first horizontal jack and the ball hinge seat, the second horizontal jack is positioned at the rear of a rear box, the front end of the second horizontal jack is fixedly connected with the second ball plate, the rear end of the third baffle is fixed at the front end of the third baffle, the rear end of the second horizontal jack is contacted with the right end of the first force transmission block, the front end of the second connecting rod is fixed with the first baffle and the fourth baffle is orthogonal to the front end of the second baffle, and the first baffle is respectively fixed at the front end of the second connecting rod and the fourth baffle.
And antifriction treatment is carried out on the contact surfaces of the sample, the rear box and the front box.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the rock mechanical testing machine with the continuously-changing shearing direction has the following advantages:
the testing machine sequentially drives the first gear, the second gear and the bearing platform to rotate through the motor, the first baffle, the second baffle, the third baffle and the fourth baffle which are fixed on the bearing platform rotate along with the motor, the front box and the second connecting rod and the fourth baffle form a fixing system, so that the front box rotates along with the motor, the second ball plate and the second horizontal jack and the third baffle form a fixing system, so that the second ball plate rotates along with the motor, the second ball plate has a limiting effect on the rear box, and the rear box also rotates along with the motor, so that the front box and the rear box synchronously rotate and have the same rotation angle, and the continuous change of the shearing direction can be realized.
And 2, the second horizontal jack applies normal stress to the sample, the first horizontal jack applies shear stress to the sample, the magnitude of the output force of the second horizontal jack and the magnitude of the output force of the first horizontal jack directly determine the normal stress and the magnitude of the shear stress no matter how the shear surface rotates, and the operation of force decomposition or synthesis is not needed, so that the testing machine has a simple structure for outputting force and the post-test result processing process is convenient.
And 3, antifriction treatment is carried out on the contact surfaces of the sample, the rear box and the front box, so that the mutual influence between the application of normal stress and shearing stress and the rotation of the front box and the rear box is greatly reduced, and the continuous rotation of the shearing surface during the application of external force can be realized.
And 4, through the second ball plate and the ball hinged support, the additional friction force on the shear box when the normal stress and the shear stress are applied is greatly reduced, and the interaction of the normal stress and the shear stress is weakened.
And 5, through the L-shaped design of the first force transfer block and the second force transfer block, the acting forces of the first horizontal jack and the second horizontal jack pass through the centroid of the sample, so that the generation of additional bending moment is greatly avoided, and the shearing test error is reduced.
6 this testing machine can realize traditional shear test's stress path and traditional shear test can't accomplish stress path (normal stress and shear stress when unchangeable shear plane rotatory stress path, normal stress and shear stress change shear plane rotatory stress path etc.), and test function is abundant, has expanded traditional shear test's stress path, can simulate shear plane rotatory rock fracture process, and the simulation result is closer to engineering condition, and the practicality is strong.
The rock mechanical testing machine capable of continuously changing the shearing direction solves the problem that the shearing direction cannot be changed in the traditional shearing test, can independently or mixedly control the application of normal stress, the application of shearing stress and the rotation of a shearing surface, has a simple structure and strong practicability, is used for rock mechanical theory and test, and can be widely used for accurately describing the rock breaking process and breaking mechanism in engineering.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a rock mechanical testing machine with continuously variable shear direction according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a top view of the shear box and force device of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The rock mechanical testing machine with continuously variable shearing direction consists of a bearing platform 10, a first gear 12, a motor 13, a second gear 20, a bearing 21, a bearing end cover 22, a support 23, a shearing box and a force application device.
The bearing platform 10 is three-stage hollow cylindrical boss shape that the external diameter changes, the upper portion boss of bearing platform 10 is along the orthogonal direction symmetry open threaded hole, the middle part boss of bearing platform 10 is opened there is the keyway, gear pin 19 is placed in the keyway of the middle part boss of bearing platform 10, the outside at the middle part boss of bearing platform 10 is installed through gear pin 19 cooperation to the second gear 20, the outside at the lower part boss of bearing platform 10 is installed in the bearing 21 cooperation to the bearing 21, the middle part boss of bearing platform 10, gear pin 19, the second gear 20 is placed on the inner circle of bearing 21, the outer lane of bearing 21 is fixed on bearing end cover 22, bearing 21 has the effect of supporting bearing platform 10, the rotation motion of second gear 20 and prevention bearing platform 10 is transmitted to bearing end cover 22, pillar 23 is cylindric, pillar 23 is placed on bearing end cover 22, first gear 12 is installed on motor 13, first gear 12 and second gear 20 cooperation installation, first gear 12 is transmitted rotation motion to second gear 20, bearing platform 10. The sample 18 has a cylindrical shape, the sample 18 is placed on the column 23, and the upper platen 3 is placed on the sample 18.
The shearing box is composed of a rear box 4, a front box 27, a first force transmission block 5, a second force transmission block 17 and a ball hinged support 16, wherein the rear box 4 and the front box 27 are in a rectangular arch shape, grooves are uniformly formed in the lower surfaces of the rear box 4 and the front box 27 along the circular arc direction, circular ring-shaped grooves are formed in the upper surface of a bearing platform 10, balls 6 are placed in the grooves of the bearing platform 10, the rear box 4 and the front box 27 are placed on the balls 6, the grooves of the rear box 4 and the front box 27 are in matched contact with the balls 6, the balls 6 have the functions of supporting the rear box 4, the front box 27 and reducing friction, a sample 18 is placed between the circular arc-shaped front surface of the rear box 4 and the circular arc-shaped rear surface of the front box 27, the contact surface of the sample 18 and the rear box 4 and the front box 27 can adopt measures such as coating teflon coating to reduce the mutual influence of external force application and shearing box rotation, the right end of the first force transmission block 5 and the second force transmission block 17 is fixedly connected with the right end of the first force transmission block 5, the left end of the front box 27 is fixedly connected with the left end of the second force transmission block 17, and the left end of the second force transmission block 17 is fixedly connected with the left end of the second force transmission block 17 is fixed with the left end of the ball hinged support 17. The height of the sample 18 is equal to that of the rear case 4 and the front case 27, the lower surfaces of the rear case 4 and the front case 27 are coplanar with the lower surface of the sample 18, and the radius of the strut 23 is equal to that of the sample 18.
The force application device consists of a vertical jack 1, a first ball plate 2, a first connecting rod 7, a first baffle plate 8, a first horizontal jack 15, a second baffle plate 14, a second horizontal jack 25, a second ball plate 26, a third baffle plate 24, a second connecting rod 28 and a fourth baffle plate 29, wherein the vertical jack 1 is positioned above a sample 18, the upper part of the vertical jack 1 is fixed on an external frame, the lower part of the vertical jack 1 is fixedly connected with the first ball plate 2, the central axes of the vertical jack 1, the sample 18, a strut 23 and a bearing end cover 22 are collinear, the left end of the first connecting rod 7 is contacted with the right end of a first force transmission block 5, the right end of the first connecting rod 7 is fixed at the left end of the first baffle plate 8, the first horizontal jack 15 is positioned at the left of the second force transmission block 17, the left end of the first horizontal jack 15 is fixed at the right end of the second baffle plate 14, the first connecting rod 7 is collinear with the central axes of the first horizontal jack 15 and the spherical hinge seat 16, the second horizontal jack 25 is positioned at the rear of the rear box 4, the front end of the second horizontal jack 25 is fixedly connected with the second ball plate 26, the rear end of the second horizontal jack 25 is fixed at the front end of the third baffle plate 24, the rear end of the second connecting rod 28 is fixed at the front end of the front box 27, the front end of the second connecting rod 28 is fixed at the rear end of the fourth baffle plate 29, the second horizontal jack 25 is collinear with the second connecting rod 28, the first connecting rod 7 is orthogonal with the second horizontal jack 25 to the center of the sample 18, and the first baffle plate 8, the second baffle plate 14, the third baffle plate 24 and the fourth baffle plate 29 are respectively fixed on the bearing platform 10 through bolts 9 and nuts 11.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
(1) The pressure heads of the vertical jack 1, the first horizontal jack 15 and the second horizontal jack 25 are adjusted to be in a contracted state, and the sample 18 is placed between the circular arc-shaped front surface of the rear box 4 and the circular arc-shaped rear surface of the front box 27.
(2) The pressing head of the vertical jack 1 is adjusted until the first ball plate 2 is just contacted with the upper pressing plate 3, the pressing head of the first horizontal jack 15 is adjusted to just contact with the spherical hinge seat 16, and the pressing head of the second horizontal jack 25 is adjusted until the second ball plate 26 is just contacted with the rear box 4.
(3) A displacement sensor is installed that measures the deformation of the specimen 18 during the test.
(4) The vertical jack 1 is prestressed, and when the degree of freedom of the horizontal rotation of the test piece 18 is zero, the prestress value of the vertical jack 1 is maintained.
(5) When normal stress is applied to the sample 18 according to the test requirement, the pressure value of the second horizontal jack 25 is adjusted until the normal stress meets the test requirement.
(6) When shear stress is applied to the sample 18 according to the test requirement, the pressure value of the first horizontal jack 15 is adjusted until the shear stress meets the test requirement.
(7) When the shearing direction of the sample 18 is required to be changed according to the test requirement, the motor 13 is started, the rotation angles of the rear box 4 and the front box 27 are changed until the shearing direction meets the test requirement, and the motor 13 is turned off.
(8) After the test is completed, the pressure heads of the vertical jack 1, the first horizontal jack 15 and the second horizontal jack 25 are adjusted to be in a contracted state, the sample 18 is taken out, the rupture form of the sample is recorded, and test data are collated.
Claims (2)
1. A rock mechanical testing machine capable of continuously changing shearing direction is characterized in that: the testing machine consists of a bearing platform (10), a first gear (12), a motor (13), a second gear (20), a bearing (21), a bearing end cover (22), a support column (23), a shearing box and a force application device, wherein the bearing platform (10) is in a three-stage hollow cylindrical boss shape with the outer diameter changing, threaded holes are symmetrically formed in the upper boss of the bearing platform (10) along the orthogonal direction, a key groove is formed in the middle boss of the bearing platform (10), a gear pin (19) is arranged in the key groove of the middle boss of the bearing platform (10), the second gear (20) is arranged outside the middle boss of the bearing platform (10) in a matched manner through the gear pin (19), the bearing (21) is arranged outside the lower boss of the bearing platform (10) in a matched manner, the middle boss of the bearing platform (10), the gear pin (19) and the second gear (20) are arranged on the inner ring of the bearing (21), the outer ring of the bearing (21) is fixed on the bearing end cover (22), the support column (23) is in a cylindrical shape, the support column (23) is arranged on the bearing end cover (22), the first gear (12) is arranged on the motor (13), the first gear (12) is arranged on the outer ring of the second gear (12) in a matched manner with the second gear (20) in a matched manner, the second gear (20) is arranged on the lower portion of the bearing (18), and the second gear (20) is arranged on the cylindrical end cover, the cylindrical column (23), and the sample is arranged on the sample, and the sample is placed on the sample box (3 The device comprises a front box (27), a first force transmission block (5), a second force transmission block (17) and a spherical hinge seat (16), wherein the rear box (4) and the front box (27) are in a rectangular arch shape, grooves are uniformly formed in the lower surfaces of the rear box (4) and the front box (27) along the circular arc direction, circular ring-shaped grooves are formed in the upper surface of a bearing platform (10), balls (6) are placed in the grooves of the bearing platform (10), the rear box (4) and the front box (27) are placed on the balls (6), the grooves of the rear box (4) and the front box (27) are in matched contact with the balls (6), a sample (18) is placed between the circular arc-shaped front surface of the rear box (4) and the circular arc-shaped rear surface of the front box (27), the first force transmission block (5) and the second force transmission block (17) are in an L shape, the right end of the front box (27) is fixedly connected with the first force transmission block (5), the left end of the rear box (4) is fixedly connected with the second force transmission block (17), the spherical hinge seat (16) is fixedly arranged on the grooves of the balls (6) on the balls (6), the left end of the second force transmission block (17) is fixedly arranged on the left end of the second force transmission block (17) and the left end (18) is in a plane, the same as the diameter of the front box (27), the sample (18), the sample (2) is equal to the front box (27), the sample (2), the sample (1) is equal to the surface of the sample (2), and the sample (23) is equal to the surface of the sample (1), and the sample (2) is equal to the sample (1) The utility model provides a first connecting rod (7), first baffle (8), first horizontal jack (15), second baffle (14), second horizontal jack (25), second ball board (26), third baffle (24), second connecting rod (28), fourth baffle (29) are constituteed, vertical jack (1) is located the top of sample (18), the upper portion of vertical jack (1) is fixed in the external frame, first ball board (2) is connected fixedly to the lower part of vertical jack (1), sample (18), pillar (23), the axis collineation of bearing end cover (22), the left end of first connecting rod (7) and the right-hand member contact of first biography power piece (5), the right-hand member of first connecting rod (7) is fixed in the left end of first baffle (8), the left end of first horizontal jack (15) is fixed in the right-hand member of second baffle (14), the horizontal jack (7) is fixed in the right-hand member of second baffle (17) with the right-hand member of the first horizontal jack (15), the axis collineation of first connecting rod (7) and first bearing end cover (22) is fixed in the horizontal jack (25) behind the second horizontal jack (25), the rear end of a second horizontal jack (25) is fixed at the front end of a third baffle (24), the rear end of a second connecting rod (28) is fixed at the front end of a front box (27), the front end of the second connecting rod (28) is fixed at the rear end of a fourth baffle (29), the second horizontal jack (25) is collinear with the second connecting rod (28), the first connecting rod (7) and the second horizontal jack (25) are orthogonal to the center of a sample (18), and the first baffle (8), the second baffle (14), the third baffle (24) and the fourth baffle (29) are fixed on a bearing platform (10) through bolts (9) and nuts (11) respectively.
2. A rock mechanics tester with continuously variable shear direction according to claim 1, characterized in that: the contact surfaces of the sample (18) with the rear box (4) and the front box (27) are subjected to antifriction treatment.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811490608.1A CN109269918B (en) | 2018-12-07 | 2018-12-07 | Rock mechanical testing machine capable of continuously changing shearing direction |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811490608.1A CN109269918B (en) | 2018-12-07 | 2018-12-07 | Rock mechanical testing machine capable of continuously changing shearing direction |
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| CN109269918A CN109269918A (en) | 2019-01-25 |
| CN109269918B true CN109269918B (en) | 2023-10-03 |
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Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112539981B (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2023-05-19 | 河南理工大学 | Device for accurately preparing variable-section layered rock |
| CN112964573B (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2022-05-03 | 四川大学 | Cylindrical surface direct shear rheological testing machine for cylindrical rock core in deep-ground environment |
| CN112964574B (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2022-07-29 | 四川大学 | Cylindrical core direct shear testing machine |
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| CN105823692A (en) * | 2016-05-04 | 2016-08-03 | 重庆大学 | Test method for simulating fracture seepage anisotropism under shear displacement condition |
| CN106596295A (en) * | 2017-01-13 | 2017-04-26 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Angle-variable subzero-temperature direct shear apparatus for rock and test operation method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN209198230U (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-08-02 | 河南理工大学 | A kind of rock mechanics experiment machine of consecutive variations shear direction |
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- 2018-12-07 CN CN201811490608.1A patent/CN109269918B/en active Active
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4934185A (en) * | 1988-01-25 | 1990-06-19 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Device for measuring adhesive strength and shear strength of coated film |
| JP2006242587A (en) * | 2005-02-28 | 2006-09-14 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Strength testing machine of structure |
| CN103175738A (en) * | 2013-02-04 | 2013-06-26 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Rock tensile-shearing test system |
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| CN109269918A (en) | 2019-01-25 |
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