CN109260265A - 一种凝胶消毒制剂 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种凝胶消毒制剂包括乙醇;分散在该乙醇中的中药挥发油包合物,其中所述中药挥发油提取自肉桂、当归、白芷、丁香和薄荷中的一种或多种,所述包合物的包合材料为环糊精或环糊精衍生物;以及凝胶材料。本发明可免手洗直接使用,中药挥发油协同乙醇发挥杀灭病原微生物的效果,并保持清新香气,具有携带使用方便、依从性好、消毒效果持久等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种消毒制剂,尤其涉及一种凝胶消毒制剂。
背景技术
含醇类的消毒剂具有历史悠久的特点,在医疗机构消毒方面一直占有举足轻重的地位,主要用于皮肤消毒,属于中效消毒剂,也常用于日常生活。醇类消毒剂是最早得到国际社会认可的有效活性物质,也是美国醇类消毒剂中最常用的品种,美国疾病控制预防中心在手部没有明显被病原菌污染情况下,把使用醇类消毒剂作为首选防感染措施,并且醇类与其他杀菌因子具有良好的协同作用,近年来复方醇类消毒剂的运用也得到快速的发展,更广泛地应用于皮肤和手的消毒。乙醇可杀灭细菌繁殖体、分枝杆菌、酵母菌、真菌以及部分病毒,可灭活亲脂性病毒和许多亲水性病毒,异丙醇和正丙醇杀菌效果与乙醇处于同一水平,但异丙醇对乙型肝炎病毒的灭活效果比乙醇更强,可将乙醇和异丙醇联合使用,扩大消毒范围。醇类消毒剂具有干燥快、不留颜色、抑菌效果良好等优点,但是直接使用对皮肤黏膜有刺激性,且强烈的气味、易燃易爆性、携带不方便等缺点成为大众生活广泛使用的主要阻碍因素。如果经常使用醇类消毒剂进行洗手消毒,皮肤会因为脱脂而变得干燥、粗糙,并且使用后洗手便不能将杀死的病原菌移走,因此长时间使用效果不好。
为解决皮肤不适或抑菌效果不佳等问题,醇类消毒剂中加入护肤因子、保湿因子和水溶性高分子等材料,以发挥节省时间、水资源和保持长久抑菌效果。中药挥发油作为一类具有潜力的天然防腐剂,能长时间抑制真菌的生长繁殖或真菌毒素的污染,并且芳香气味能进一步提高使用者的依从性。但挥发油性质不稳定,直接添加会导致大量逸散,稳定性差,且芳香气味不明显。
因此,现有技术中消毒制剂仍存在多种上述的缺点,市场仍然需要对现有的消毒制剂产品进行改进以期望能够提高保持卫生的依从性并能提供消毒持久性,尤其在缺水或是一些紧急的情况下用于手消毒。
发明内容
本发明的申请人通过包合技术提高挥发油的利用率,提高了被包合的挥发油的稳定性,延缓挥发油的释药速率,提高挥发油的利用率等。同时,本发明的凝胶消毒制剂可免手洗直接使用,中药挥发油协同醇类发挥杀灭病原微生物的效果,并保持清新香气,具有携带使用方便、依从性好、消毒效果持久等优点。
本发明在一方面提供一种凝胶消毒制剂,其包括乙醇;分散在所述乙醇中的中药挥发油包合物,其中所述中药挥发油提取自肉桂、当归、白芷、丁香、薄荷中的一种或多种,所述包合物的包合材料为环糊精或环糊精衍生物;以及胶凝材料。
在一些实施方式中,其中所述环糊精选自α-环糊精、β-环糊精和γ-环糊精的一种或多种。优选地,所述环糊精为β-环糊精。在一些实施方式中,其中所述环糊精衍生物选自乙基-β-环糊精、羟丙基-β-环糊精、二羟丙基-β-环糊精、甲基-β-环糊精、葡萄糖-环糊精、麦芽糖-环糊精、麦芽三糖-环糊精、羧甲基-环糊精、磺烷基-环糊精的一种或多种。
在一些实施方式中,其中所述包合物的包合率为不小于85%。
在一些实施方式中,所述的凝胶材料选自卡波姆、植物胶、淀粉、果胶、明胶、甲壳素、壳聚糖、胶原蛋白、硅胶和玉米淀粉一种或多种。
附图说明
图1A为抑菌试验前处理的橘皮,图1B(各组单独的照片)和图1C(各组在同一视角下的对比照片)为橘皮空白组、对照组及实验组在实验后的性状结果。
图2A为抑菌试验前处理的橙皮,图2B(实验后各组橙皮前面的照片)和2C(实验后各组橙皮后面的照片)为橙皮空白组、对照组及实验组实验后前、后面观性状结果。
具体实施方式
实施例1. 中药挥发油β-CD(β-环糊精)包合物
称取约20.0g丁香/薄荷,倒入圆底烧瓶(1000mL),加入10倍量水,浸泡2小时后,安装挥发油测定器及冷凝管等装置,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,并在挥发油提取器中收集提取出的丁香油,待其收集的量不变时,关闭电热套,记录挥发油的提取量,用适宜器皿盛装挥发油。
处方:
β-CD 5 g
丁香油/薄荷醇 1 mL
水 60 mL
制法:取β-CD 5 g,放置于100 mL具塞锥形瓶中,加水,将锥形瓶放置于磁力搅拌器上加热,在不断搅拌下加热至约75℃使其溶解,待温度降低至50℃,加入丁香油/薄荷醇,其中薄荷醇的熔点为42-44℃,可将其加热熔融后加入,继续恒温搅拌1小时后,待冷却后放入冰箱冷藏1小时,待沉淀完全后滤过,用无水乙醇10 mL分三次洗涤沉淀,直至表面无明显的挥发油气味,然后将沉淀于40℃干燥30分钟,称重,即得。分别平行制备丁香油/薄荷醇β-CD包合物各三次,为后续测定包合率并确定挥发油的利用率作准备。所制得包合物的性状:包白色干燥粉末,无明显丁香油/薄荷醇气味。
包合率测定:空白回收率的测定:量取1 mL丁香油/薄荷醇,记为V1,放置于500mL圆底烧瓶中,加水150 mL,另加碎瓷片数粒,将挥发油测定器与圆底烧瓶和回流冷凝管相连,从冷凝管上端加水使其充满于挥发油测定器的刻度部分,并溢流进入圆底烧瓶时为止。在电热套内缓缓加热直至沸腾,并保持微沸至挥发油测定器中的油量不再增加,约进行2小时,停止加热,放冷后开启测定器下端的活塞,将水慢慢放出,使得油层下降至其上端恰好与刻度线平齐,方便读取挥发油体积。包合率的测定:取包合物1.5 g,放置于500 mL圆底烧瓶中,按照与上述“空白回收率的测定”相同方法操作,读取挥发油体积,记为V2。按照下式计算包合率:
包合率(%)=
式中,W1为包合物总质量,W2为测试的包和物质量,V1为挥发油总体积(mL),V2为从测试的包合物中提取的挥发油体积(mL)。
如表1-2所示,各组的包合物的包合率均不低于85%。
表1 丁香油β-CD包合物的包合率
组别 | 空白回收率(%) | 包合率(%) |
1 | 66.0 | 88.98 |
2 | 68.0 | 89.51 |
3 | 68.0 | 89.24 |
注:包合率RSD=0.27%
表2 薄荷醇β-CD包合物的包合率
组别 | 空白回收率(%) | 包合率(%) |
1 | 51.0 | 86.26 |
2 | 54.0 | 86.51 |
3 | 53.0 | 87.19 |
注:包合率RSD=0.48%
实施例2. 本发明的凝胶消毒制剂的制备
称取0.3g卡波姆U10,加入15g水溶胀后,再加入15g乙醇,另取0.23g四羟基乙二胺加入1mL水搅匀后,加入卡波姆U10流体中,再加入15mL乙醇和2.5mL异丙醇,搅匀后加入0.9g壬基酚聚氧乙烯(9)醚,最后加入根据实施例1制得的丁香油/薄荷醇环糊精包合物各0.1g以分散在其中,搅拌均匀后,即得。
实施例3.凝胶消毒制剂的抑菌效果考察
根据实施例2制备得到的含中药挥发油的凝胶消毒制剂,经手试后可感受凝胶性状,采用橘皮/橙皮作为染菌载体对凝胶消毒制剂进行抑菌效果考察。设定实验组、对照组、空白组分别为凝胶消毒制剂、75%乙醇组、蒸馏水组,选用市售橘皮和橙皮洗净,切成大小相等的瓣状,各分为三组,每组三等份,用棉球分别蘸取实验组、对照组、空白组的样品对橘皮(或橙皮)进行擦拭,每4小时擦拭一次,每天擦拭3次,连续擦拭3天,装入洁净密封袋中,并开小孔与大气相通,静置室内通风处共10天,10天后观察橘皮(或橙皮)的保鲜(或霉烂)状态,拍照(荣耀V9手机)并记录结果。
如图1和2所示,实验组的橘皮(或橙皮)保持原有色泽,可见色泽光亮,没有发霉变质的迹象,并保留挥发油的芳香气味;对照组的橘皮(或橙皮)保持原有色泽,可见色泽光亮,但光泽度相较于实验组则稍逊,且乙醇味浓烈;空白组的橘皮(或橙皮)发霉变质,两面有菌斑,并伴有恶臭味。实验结果表明,凝胶消毒制剂保持了乙醇的消毒效果的同时,橘皮(或橙皮)的保鲜效果比单用乙醇的更好,且能保留挥发油的芳香气味。通过几组实验的比较,可以确定制备的含中药挥发油的凝胶消毒制剂有效,消毒效力持久,保持了醇类具有的抑菌作用,并提高了使用效果,如在涂抹后可免手洗,能散发中药挥发油特殊的芳香气味等。
Claims (6)
1.一种凝胶消毒制剂,包括:
乙醇;
分散在所述乙醇中的中药挥发油包合物,其中所述中药挥发油提取自肉桂、当归、白芷、丁香和薄荷中的一种或多种,所述包合物的包合材料为环糊精或环糊精衍生物;以及凝胶材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的凝胶消毒制剂,其中所述环糊精选自α-环糊精、β-环糊精和γ-环糊精的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的凝胶消毒制剂,其中所述环糊精为β-环糊精。
4.根据权利要求1所述的凝胶消毒制剂,其中所述环糊精衍生物选自乙基-β-环糊精、羟丙基-β-环糊精、二羟丙基-β-环糊精、甲基-β-环糊精、葡萄糖-环糊精、麦芽糖-环糊精、麦芽三糖-环糊精、羧甲基-环糊精、磺烷基-环糊精的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的凝胶消毒制剂,其中所述包合物的包合率为不小于85%。
6.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的凝胶消毒制剂,所述凝胶材料选自卡波姆、植物胶、淀粉、果胶、明胶、甲壳素、壳聚糖、胶原蛋白、硅胶和玉米淀粉一种或多种。
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