CN109257991B - Soil improvement method for dragon fruit garden - Google Patents

Soil improvement method for dragon fruit garden Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109257991B
CN109257991B CN201811076590.0A CN201811076590A CN109257991B CN 109257991 B CN109257991 B CN 109257991B CN 201811076590 A CN201811076590 A CN 201811076590A CN 109257991 B CN109257991 B CN 109257991B
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soil
parts
dragon fruit
powder
dragon
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CN109257991A (en
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林勋勇
丘宝贤
李朝勇
黄潇
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Lin Xunyong
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05DINORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D9/00Other inorganic fertilisers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80Soil conditioners

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a soil improvement method for a dragon fruit garden, and belongs to the technical field of soil management. The method of the invention comprises the following steps: after the dragon fruits are picked every year, the mixture of the fungus residues and the straw powder is spread and covered on the ground of a dragon fruit garden, 1500-2000kg of fungus residues are spread per mu, and then biogas liquid is sprayed; after 20-30 days, digging 5-10 grooves radially outwards with the trunk as the center at the position 50-80cm away from the trunk on the ground of each dragon fruit plant, wherein the groove depth is 15-25cm, filling the grooves with soil conditioner, and covering with a layer of rice straw soaked with lime water; the soil conditioner comprises raw materials of Terminalia catappa leaves, water plant mud, apple pulp, seaweed meal, vinasse, solid acid, sodium carbonate and boric acid. The method can effectively improve the soil property of the dragon fruit garden and improve the soil fertility.

Description

Soil improvement method for dragon fruit garden
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil management, in particular to a soil improvement method for a dragon fruit garden.
Background
Pitaya is also called as red dragon fruit, green dragon fruit, Xianmei fruit, etc. At present, the cultivation varieties mainly comprise white dragon fruits, red dragon fruits and yellow dragon fruits. The pitaya is rich in nutrition, mainly contains vitamins, cellulose, glucose, carotene, fat, amino acid, phosphorus, iron and other mineral substances required by a human body, has the effects of detoxifying, moistening intestines and stomach, clearing blood, reducing blood pressure, reducing cholesterol, preventing angiosclerosis, constipation, anemia, angular cheilitis, cold and the like, and also has the effects of beautifying, beautifying and delaying senility.
Along with the improvement of living standard of people, the nutritional value and the economic value of the dragon fruit are more and more valued by people, and the planting development of the dragon fruit in China is continuously expanded. The condition of soil nutrients for planting the dragon fruits has great influence on the yield and the quality of the dragon fruits, and the soil management of a dragon fruit garden is an important management project in the planting of the dragon fruits. In recent years, in order to improve the yield of the dragon fruits, the soil structure is damaged due to single fertilization and large amount of fertilizer in the dragon fruit plantation of each land, the management of the soil in the dragon fruit orchard area is not scientific and reasonable enough, the soil is gradually hardened, the permeability of the soil is poor, the coordination of water, fertilizer, gas and heat is difficult, the absorption and utilization rate of the root system of the dragon fruits on the fertilizer is reduced, the water-retaining drought-resisting capacity is reduced, the soil fertility is reduced, and the continuous high yield of the dragon fruits is seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, and provides a soil improvement method for a dragon fruit garden according to the growth characteristics of the dragon fruits and the problems of the dragon fruits in the planting process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for improving soil in a pitaya park, the method comprising the steps of:
after the dragon fruits are picked every year, the mixture of the fungus residues and the straw powder is spread and covered on the ground of a dragon fruit garden, 1500-2000kg of fungus residues are spread per mu, and then biogas liquid is sprayed; after 20-30 days, digging 5-10 grooves radially outwards with the trunk as the center at the position 50-80cm away from the trunk on the ground of each dragon fruit plant, wherein the groove depth is 15-25cm, filling the grooves with soil conditioner, and covering with a layer of rice straw soaked with lime water;
the soil conditioner comprises raw materials of Terminalia catappa leaves, water plant mud, apple pulp, seaweed meal, vinasse, solid acid, sodium carbonate and boric acid.
According to the technical scheme, the soil conditioner preferably comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 200 parts of olive kernel leaves, 10-30 parts of water plant mud, 50-80 parts of apple meal, 60-100 parts of seaweed powder, 80-150 parts of vinasse, 5-10 parts of solid acid, 10-15 parts of sodium carbonate and 5-10 parts of boric acid.
According to the technical scheme, the soil conditioner preferably comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 170 parts of Terminalia catappa leaves, 20 parts of float grass mud, 75 parts of apple pulp, 85 parts of seaweed meal, 100 parts of vinasse, 8 parts of solid acid, 13 parts of sodium carbonate and 7 parts of boric acid.
In the technical scheme, preferably, the preparation method of the soil conditioner is as follows: the preparation method comprises pulverizing the above materials into powder, mixing, and granulating.
In the above technical solution, preferably, the preparation method of the seaweed meal comprises the following steps:
s1, drying the kelp in the sun and then crushing to obtain kelp powder for later use;
s2, diluting methanesulfonic acid with clear water with the volume of 200-300 times that of the methanesulfonic acid to obtain methanesulfonic acid diluent for later use;
s3, adding the kelp powder into the methanesulfonic acid diluent, soaking for 10-20min, filtering, taking filter residues, and drying to obtain the seaweed powder.
The seaweed powder prepared by the method has better beneficial bacterium activating effect.
According to the technical scheme, preferably, the mass ratio of the mushroom dregs, the straw powder and the biogas liquid is 1-2: 3-5: 8-15.
Preferably, the straw is obtained by soaking the straw in saturated lime water for 2 to 5 days.
The algae of the present invention is a general term for marine algae such as kelp, laver, undaria pinnatifida, gelidium amansii, etc., which are algae growing in the sea and include several different types of organisms that generate energy by photosynthesis.
Has the advantages that:
according to the invention, the organic fertilizer is added to the dragon fruit garden through the mutual matching of the fungus residues, the straw powder and the biogas liquid, so that the soil fertility can be effectively increased. Secondly, applying a soil conditioner into the soil, wherein the raw materials of the soil conditioner are matched with each other, so that the pH of the soil can be continuously adjusted to 6.5-7.5 through the Terminalia catappa leaves, the water plant mud, the apple pulp and the like, and the soil conditioner is more suitable for the growth of the dragon fruits; beneficial bacteria in soil can be activated through seaweed meal, vinasse and the like, the types and the number of microorganisms in the soil are continuously increased, the microorganisms are vigorous in activity, the decomposition of organic matters can be accelerated, the accumulation of humus is increased, the formation of a soil granular structure is facilitated, clay is loosened, water, fertilizer, gas and heat of the soil are coordinated, the air and water permeability and the fertilizer retention, water retention, fertilizer supply and water supply capacity of the soil are enhanced, and the problems that the meat skin of the dragon fruit is rotten due to soil water accumulation, and a large amount of fruit cracking is caused by severe dry and wet change of clayey soil are solved; in addition, through the combination of components such as solid acid, sodium carbonate and the like, after the soil conditioner is applied to soil, rainfall and the like absorb moisture, swell and react to generate gas, so that the porosity and the permeability of the soil can be increased, the pH adjusting component and the beneficial bacterium activating component can be promoted to permeate and diffuse into the soil, and the components and the moisture are kept in the soil together. According to the invention, through the mutual matching of the steps, the pH value of the soil can be adjusted to be in an appropriate range, the soil structure can be well improved, the supply of soil nutrients is increased and balanced, and the yield and the quality of the dragon fruits are improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1
A method for improving soil in a pitaya park, the method comprising the steps of:
after the dragon fruits are picked every year, the mixture of the fungus residues and the straw powder is spread and covered on the ground of a dragon fruit garden, 1800kg of the mixture is spread per mu, and then biogas liquid is sprayed; the mass ratio of the mushroom dregs, the straw powder and the biogas liquid is 1.5: 4: 10.
after 25 days, digging 8-10 ditches radially outwards by taking the main stem as the center at a position 50-60cm away from the main stem on the ground of each dragon fruit plant, wherein the depth of each ditch is 20cm, applying a soil conditioner into the ditches, filling the ditches with the soil conditioner, and then covering a layer of straws soaked by lime water; the straws are obtained by soaking for 3 days in saturated limewater.
The soil conditioner comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 170 parts of Terminalia catappa leaves, 20 parts of float grass mud, 75 parts of apple pulp, 85 parts of seaweed meal, 100 parts of vinasse, 8 parts of solid acid, 13 parts of sodium carbonate and 7 parts of boric acid.
The preparation method of the soil conditioner comprises the following steps: the preparation method comprises pulverizing the above materials into powder, mixing, and granulating.
The preparation method of the seaweed powder comprises the following steps:
s1, drying the kelp in the sun and then crushing to obtain kelp powder for later use;
s2, diluting methanesulfonic acid with clear water with the volume 250 times that of the methanesulfonic acid to obtain methanesulfonic acid diluent for later use;
s3, adding the kelp powder into the methanesulfonic acid diluent, soaking for 15min, filtering, taking filter residues, and drying to obtain the seaweed powder.
Example 2
A method for improving soil in a pitaya park, the method comprising the steps of:
after the dragon fruits are picked every year, the mixture of the fungus residues and the straw powder is spread and covered on the ground of a dragon fruit garden, 1500kg of the mixture is spread per mu, and then biogas liquid is sprayed; the mass ratio of the mushroom dregs, the straw powder and the biogas liquid is 1: 3: 8.
after 20 days, digging 6-8 ditches radially outwards by taking the main stem as the center at a position 60-70cm away from the main stem from the ground of each dragon fruit plant, wherein the depth of each ditch is 15-20cm, applying a soil conditioner into the ditches, filling the ditches with the soil conditioner, and then covering a layer of straws soaked by lime water; the straw is obtained by soaking in saturated limewater for 2 days.
The soil conditioner comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of Terminalia catappa leaves, 10 parts of water plant mud, 50 parts of apple pulp, 60 parts of seaweed powder, 80 parts of vinasse, 5 parts of solid acid, 10 parts of sodium carbonate and 5 parts of boric acid.
The preparation method of the soil conditioner comprises the following steps: the preparation method comprises pulverizing the above materials into powder, mixing, and granulating.
The preparation method of the seaweed powder comprises the following steps:
s1, drying the kelp in the sun and then crushing to obtain kelp powder for later use;
s2, diluting methanesulfonic acid with clear water with the volume 200 times that of the methanesulfonic acid to obtain methanesulfonic acid diluent for later use;
s3, adding the kelp powder into the methanesulfonic acid diluent, soaking for 10min, filtering, taking filter residues, and drying to obtain the seaweed powder.
Example 3
A method for improving soil in a pitaya park, the method comprising the steps of:
after the dragon fruits are picked every year, the mixture of the fungus residues and the straw powder is spread and covered on the ground of a dragon fruit garden, 2000kg of the mixture is spread per mu, and then biogas liquid is sprayed; the mass ratio of the mushroom dregs, the straw powder and the biogas liquid is 2: 5: 15.
after 30 days, digging 5-7 ditches radially outwards by taking the main stem as the center at a position 70-80cm away from the main stem from the ground of each dragon fruit plant, wherein the depth of each ditch is 20-25cm, applying a soil conditioner into the ditches, filling the ditches with the soil conditioner, and then covering a layer of straws soaked by lime water; the straws are obtained by soaking for 5 days in saturated limewater.
The soil conditioner comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 200 parts of Terminalia catappa leaves, 30 parts of float grass mud, 80 parts of apple pulp, 100 parts of seaweed powder, 150 parts of vinasse, 10 parts of solid acid, 15 parts of sodium carbonate and 10 parts of boric acid.
The preparation method of the soil conditioner comprises the following steps: the preparation method comprises pulverizing the above materials into powder, mixing, and granulating.
The preparation method of the seaweed powder comprises the following steps:
s1, drying the kelp in the sun and then crushing to obtain kelp powder for later use;
s2, diluting methanesulfonic acid with clear water with the volume 300 times that of the methanesulfonic acid to obtain methanesulfonic acid diluent for later use;
s3, adding the kelp powder into the methanesulfonic acid diluent, soaking for 20min, filtering, taking filter residues, and drying to obtain the seaweed powder.
Example 4
A method for improving soil in a pitaya park, the method comprising the steps of:
after the dragon fruits are picked every year, the mixture of the fungus residues and the straw powder is spread and covered on the ground of a dragon fruit garden, 1600kg of the mixture is spread per mu, and then biogas liquid is sprayed; the mass ratio of the mushroom dregs, the straw powder and the biogas liquid is 1: 4: 9.
after 20-30 days, digging 5-10 grooves radially outwards with the trunk as the center at the position 50-80cm away from the trunk on the ground of each dragon fruit plant, wherein the groove depth is 15-25cm, filling the grooves with soil conditioner, and covering with a layer of rice straw soaked with lime water; the straws are obtained by soaking for 4 days in saturated limewater.
The soil conditioner comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 170 parts of Terminalia catappa leaves, 15 parts of float grass mud, 70 parts of apple pulp, 80 parts of seaweed meal, 110 parts of vinasse, 7 parts of solid acid, 13 parts of sodium carbonate and 9 parts of boric acid. Wherein the seaweed powder is obtained by directly drying and pulverizing the kelp.
The preparation method of the soil conditioner comprises the following steps: the preparation method comprises pulverizing the above materials into powder, mixing, and granulating.
Comparative example 1
The soil improvement method of the dragon fruit garden is basically the same as the soil improvement method of the example 1, except that: the soil conditioner comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of water plant mud, 75 parts of apple pulp, 100 parts of vinasse, 8 parts of solid acid, 13 parts of sodium carbonate and 7 parts of boric acid.
Comparative example 2
The soil improvement method of the dragon fruit garden is basically the same as the soil improvement method of the example 1, except that: the soil conditioner comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 170 parts of Terminalia catappa leaves, 20 parts of float grass mud, 75 parts of apple pulp, 100 parts of vinasse, 13 parts of sodium carbonate and 7 parts of boric acid.
Comparative example 3
And (4) a blank group, soil improvement is not carried out, and the dragon fruit garden is planted with the dragon fruits according to a traditional method.
In the research process, soil is tested and compared and analyzed, the soil is taken for testing after the soil (one mu of land in each group of test) in the pitaya garden in the full production period is improved in two years in the examples and the comparative examples, and the specific nutrient test result data of each group of soil is shown in table 1; the physical properties of the soil of each group are shown in table 2; the comparison of the fruit cracking rate grade yields of the dragon fruits obtained by each group of cultivation is shown in table 3.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0001800922590000061
The comparison of the data in the table 1 shows that the method can well improve various nutrients in the soil, the alkaline-hydrolyzed nitrogen, the quick-acting phosphorus, the quick-acting potassium and the organic matters in the soil are kept at good levels, the method is very suitable for planting the dragon fruits, the nutrients in the soil are sufficient, and the high yield of the dragon fruits in successive years can be ensured. As can be seen from the data of example 4, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2, the composition of the soil conditioner and the treatment preparation of the seaweed meal in the invention have great influence on the soil conditioning. The improvement method is very effective in improving the soil of the dragon fruit garden, can obviously improve the nutrients such as alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus, quick-acting potassium, organic matters and the like, and has very obvious effect of improving the soil.
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0001800922590000062
The volume weight and porosity of soil are the main indexes for reflecting the shape of soil material. As can be seen from the comparison of the data in Table 2, the improvement method of the invention can well improve the porosity of the soil, so that the permeability of the soil is better, the volume weight of the soil is kept at a better level, and the water content can reflect that the water storage capacity of the soil is better after the improvement by the method of the invention.
TABLE 3
Figure BDA0001800922590000063
Figure BDA0001800922590000071
Note: the split ratio in table 3 is the percentage of the number of splits present in the harvested dragon fruit based on the total number of dragon fruits.
As can be seen from the data in table 3, the present invention can significantly reduce the cracking rate of dragon fruits and increase the fruit yield by improving the soil. After the method is used for improving the soil, the soil permeability can be enhanced, the water retention of the soil can be improved, the water content of the soil is kept uniform, and the phenomena that the water content of the soil is suddenly increased due to excessive rainwater, and the peel of the dragon fruit is squeezed and cracked due to sudden increase of the water content and over-quick development of the pulp are reduced.
In conclusion, the soil improvement method can balance the relationship between the yield of the dragon fruits and the good biological properties of the soil, so as to ensure that the dragon fruits can be continuously high in yield; can keep the soil in the dragon fruit garden to have good water storage and moisture preservation capability, improve the permeability of the soil, increase the content of organic matters in the soil and improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, thereby promoting the growth of the dragon fruit plants and improving the yield and the quality.
Although the present invention has been described with respect to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (3)

1. A method for improving soil in a pitaya park, comprising the steps of:
after the dragon fruits are picked every year, the mixture of the fungus residues and the straw powder is spread and covered on the ground of a dragon fruit garden, 1500-2000kg of fungus residues are spread per mu, and then biogas liquid is sprayed; after 20-30 days, digging 5-10 grooves radially outwards with the trunk as the center at the position 50-80cm away from the trunk on the ground of each dragon fruit plant, wherein the groove depth is 15-25cm, filling the grooves with soil conditioner, and covering with a layer of rice straw soaked with lime water;
the soil conditioner comprises raw materials of Terminalia catappa leaves, water plant mud, apple pulp, seaweed meal, vinasse, solid acid, sodium carbonate and boric acid;
wherein the straws are obtained by soaking for 2-5 days in saturated lime water;
the soil conditioner comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 170 parts of Terminalia catappa leaves, 20 parts of float grass mud, 75 parts of apple pulp, 85 parts of seaweed meal, 100 parts of vinasse, 8 parts of solid acid, 13 parts of sodium carbonate and 7 parts of boric acid;
the preparation method of the seaweed powder comprises the following steps:
s1, drying the kelp in the sun and then crushing to obtain kelp powder for later use;
s2, diluting methanesulfonic acid with clear water with the volume of 200-300 times that of the methanesulfonic acid to obtain methanesulfonic acid diluent for later use;
s3, adding the kelp powder into the methanesulfonic acid diluent, soaking for 10-20min, filtering, taking filter residues, and drying to obtain the seaweed powder;
wherein, in the improvement method, the pH value of the soil is adjusted to 6.5-7.5.
2. The method of soil amendment of a dragon fruit park as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the preparation method of the soil conditioner comprises the following steps: the preparation method comprises pulverizing the above materials into powder, mixing, and granulating.
3. The method of soil amendment of a dragon fruit park as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the mass ratio of the mushroom dregs, the straw powder and the biogas liquid is 1-2: 3-5: 8-15.
CN201811076590.0A 2018-09-14 2018-09-14 Soil improvement method for dragon fruit garden Expired - Fee Related CN109257991B (en)

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