CN109251401A - 结壳型高伸长率低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料及制备方法 - Google Patents

结壳型高伸长率低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料及制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109251401A
CN109251401A CN201810869439.6A CN201810869439A CN109251401A CN 109251401 A CN109251401 A CN 109251401A CN 201810869439 A CN201810869439 A CN 201810869439A CN 109251401 A CN109251401 A CN 109251401A
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陈龙
叶斌
聂祝婷
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ANHUI HUALING CABLE GROUP Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种结壳型高伸长率低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料，其特征在于，所述的电缆料的原料包括以下重量份数组分：乙烯‑醋酸乙烯共聚物40–70份、丙烯酸酯橡胶2‑10份、乙丙橡胶5‑20份、弹性体2–20份、阻燃剂100‑120份、消烟阻燃剂10‑30份、抗氧剂0.1–2份、润滑剂0.1–2份、硫化剂0.5‑2份、补强剂5‑20份，成壳剂1‑5份。本发明还提供了该电缆料的制备方法。本发明电缆料可减少毒烟。

Description

结壳型高伸长率低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料及制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于高分子材料技术与科学领域，涉及一种电线电缆料及其制备方法，特别涉及一种中国标准动车用低烟无卤阻燃高伸长率耐弯曲聚烯烃电缆料及制备方法。
背景技术
时速350公里中国标准动车组用耐弯曲电缆是动车组电能传输的载体，应用于时速350km电气化轨道机车用电气装备连接线，是动车组的电气控制、电力传输、信号传输和电气连接元件。其额定电压为600-3600V。时速350公里中国标准动车组用耐弯曲电缆的耐弯曲性能要求极为苛刻，需达到扭转500000次，绝缘没有损伤，导体断线率低于10%的耐弯曲性能。同时，动车组内的运行与敷设环境复杂，要求电缆在具备较高的耐弯曲性能的同时，还需满足低烟无卤阻燃、低烟气毒性、燃烧时迅速成壳、耐油、耐腐蚀、耐磨、耐老化、电气性能优良等其他特殊性能。
“一种低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料及其制备方法”（专利申请号CN 1445793A）制备了一种电缆材料，但由于是高填充，无机粉体在基体中分散性能较差，材料的柔性较差。“一种低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料及其制备方法”（专利申请号CN 1796450A）采用乙烯醋酸乙烯酯和高密度聚乙烯等塑料与无机粉体复配，并解决了相容性问题，提高了无机粉体的分散性能，但是这两个专利都未涉及燃烧时产生的烟的毒性以及满足时速350KM以上中国标准动车组用耐弯曲电缆的各项要求。
发明内容
本发明是针对现有技术的不足，提供一种时速350KM以上动车用低烟无卤阻燃高伸长率耐弯曲聚烯烃电缆料及制备方法。
结壳型高伸长率低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料，所述的电缆料的原料包括以下重量份数组分：乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物40–70份、丙烯酸酯橡胶2-10份、乙丙橡胶5-20份、弹性体2–20份、阻燃剂100-120份、消烟阻燃剂10-30份、抗氧剂0.1–2份、润滑剂0.1–2份、硫化剂0.5-2份、补强剂5-20份，成壳剂1-5份。
进一步，所述的乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物的熔融指数在温度190 oC，载荷重量2.16Kg的测试条件下为0.1–20 g/10min。
进一步，所述丙烯酸酯橡胶的MFR在温度190 oC，载荷重量2.16 Kg的测试条件下为0.1–20 g/10min。
进一步，所述乙丙橡胶采用陶氏3722P。
进一步，所述的阻燃剂为氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝、硼酸锌混合物，其粒径为0.1–3 μm。
进一步，所述的成壳剂为微胶囊化红磷和聚磷酸铵的混合物，微胶囊化红磷与聚磷酸铵的比例为1:2至3:1。
进一步，所述的补强剂为二氧化硅，气相法白炭黑，其粒径为0.1–2 μm。
进一步，所述的弹性体为α–烯烃共聚物，分别为乙烯–丙烯共聚物、乙烯–丁烯共聚物、乙烯–己烯共聚物或乙烯–辛烯共聚物、乙烯–丙烯酸酯共聚物中的一种或几种混合物，其密度为0.850–0.900 g/cm3， MFR在温度190 oC，载荷重量2.16 Kg的测试条件下为0.1–40g/10min。
进一步，包含以下步骤：乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物10–70份、弹性体2–20份、阻燃剂100–120份、抗氧剂0.1–2份、润滑剂0.1–2份、硫化剂0.5-2份、补强剂5-20份、成壳剂1-5份加入到高速混合机1000–1500 r/min，混合5–10 min后，经过双螺杆挤出机在150–170 oC进行混炼、造粒，得到电缆料。
与现有技术相比本发明的电缆料由于添加了丙烯酸酯和弹性体，使得添加大量无机阻燃剂后材料的力学性能尤其是断裂伸长率和柔性无明显降低，环境友好阻燃剂的加入保证了材料燃烧后的低毒性，微胶囊化红磷和聚磷酸铵的加入可使其在燃烧时快速结壳，阻止火焰深入到电缆内部，防止烟囱效应的发生，同时二氧化硅的加入保证了材料的耐热性能和耐磨性能并与环境友好阻燃剂有协同作用。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的进一步说明。
本发明实施例中原材料性能：
乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA树脂)：MFR在温度190 oC，载荷重量2.16 Kg的测试条件下为1 g/10min；
乙烯丙烯酸酯：共聚物中丙烯酸甲酯的份数为20份，MFR在温度190 oC，载荷重量2.16Kg的测试条件下为3 g/10min；
Mg(OH)2：粒径为1.5 μm；
Al(OH)3：粒径为2.0 μm；
硼酸锌：粒径为2.0 μm；
微胶囊化红磷：粒径为5～10μm。紫红色粉末，相对密度2.1，堆积密度0.6g/cm3；
聚磷酸铵：细度(通过50μm筛)/%≥ 90
SiO2：为气相法白炭黑，其粒径为0.5 μm；
弹性体1：为乙烯-丁烯共聚物；
弹性体2：为乙烯-己烯共聚物；
弹性体3：为乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚物。
本发明的动车用低烟无卤阻燃耐弯曲聚烯烃电缆料还可以包含其他添加剂，抗氧剂、相容剂、颜料等。根据不同技术要求可以对上述添加剂单独或者复配使用。
动车用低烟无卤阻燃耐弯曲聚烯烃电缆料，其原料配方（重量份）如表1，其制备方法包括以下步骤：
将EVA树脂、丙烯酸酯、阻燃剂、成壳剂、SiO2、弹性体、抗氧剂、润滑剂、加工助剂，加入到高速混合机1000–1500 r/min 混合10min后，经双螺杆挤出机在150–170 oC进行混炼、造粒制备电缆料。
表1电缆料的原料和用量
其主要性能如表2：
表2电缆料性能测试结果
性能 单位 实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 实施例4
拉伸强度 MPa 12.3 12.6 14.1 14.2
断裂伸长率 % 420 380 350 350
毒性 LC<sub>50</sub> 0.6 1 0.8 1.2
老化性能 <sup>o</sup>C*h 120*240 120*240 120*240 120*240
拉伸强度保留率 % 80 81 78 72
断裂伸长率保留率 % 79.2 78.6 79 72.3
氧指数 % 33 33 34 35
燃烧时透光率 % 80 80 82 83
由表2可以看出，实验结果均能满足中国南车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司发布的技SFE3200电开（2014）技字第647号《时速350公里中国标准动车组电线电缆供货技术条件》的要求。
所有上述的首要实施这一知识产权，并没有设定限制其他形式的实施这种新产品和/或新方法。本领域技术人员将利用这一重要信息，上述内容修改，以实现类似的执行情况。但是，所有修改或改造基于本发明新产品属于保留的权利。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非是对本发明作其它形式的限制，任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更或改型为等同变化的等效实施例。但是凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与改型，仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。

Claims (9)

1.结壳型高伸长率低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料，其特征在于，所述的电缆料的原料包括以下重量份数组分：乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物40–70份、丙烯酸酯橡胶2-10份、乙丙橡胶5-20份、弹性体2–20份、阻燃剂100-120份、消烟阻燃剂10-30份、抗氧剂0.1–2份、润滑剂0.1–2份、硫化剂0.5-2份、补强剂5-20份，成壳剂1-5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的所述的结壳型高伸长率低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料，其特征在于，所述的乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物的熔融指数在温度190 oC，载荷重量2.16 Kg的测试条件下为0.1–20 g/10min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的所述的结壳型高伸长率低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料，其特征在于，所述丙烯酸酯橡胶的MFR在温度190 oC，载荷重量2.16 Kg的测试条件下为0.1–20 g/10min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的所述的结壳型高伸长率低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料，其特征在于，所述乙丙橡胶采用陶氏3722P。
5.根据权利要求1所述的所述的结壳型高伸长率低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料，其特征在于，所述的阻燃剂为氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝、硼酸锌混合物，其粒径为0.1–3 μm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的所述的结壳型高伸长率低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料，其特征在于，所述的成壳剂为微胶囊化红磷和聚磷酸铵的混合物，微胶囊化红磷与聚磷酸铵的比例为1:2至3:1。
7.根据权利要求1所述的所述的结壳型高伸长率低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料，其特征在于，所述的补强剂为二氧化硅，气相法白炭黑，其粒径为0.1–2 μm。
8. 根据权利要求1所述的所述的结壳型高伸长率低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料，其特征在于，所述的弹性体为α–烯烃共聚物，分别为乙烯–丙烯共聚物、乙烯–丁烯共聚物、乙烯–己烯共聚物或乙烯–辛烯共聚物、乙烯–丙烯酸酯共聚物中的一种或几种混合物，其密度为0.850–0.900 g/cm3， MFR在温度190 oC，载荷重量2.16 Kg的测试条件下为0.1–40 g/10min。
9.根据权利要求1–8所述的结壳型高伸长率低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃材料的制备方法，其特征在于包含以下步骤：乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物10–70份、弹性体2–20份、阻燃剂100–120份、抗氧剂0.1–2份、润滑剂0.1–2份、硫化剂0.5-2份、补强剂5-20份、成壳剂1-5份加入到高速混合机1000–1500 r/min，混合5–10 min后，经过双螺杆挤出机在150–170 oC进行混炼、造粒，得到电缆料。
CN201810869439.6A 2018-08-02 2018-08-02 结壳型高伸长率低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料及制备方法 Pending CN109251401A (zh)

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