CN109245811B - 一种基于频控阵人工噪声方向调制的优化方法 - Google Patents

一种基于频控阵人工噪声方向调制的优化方法 Download PDF

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CN109245811B
CN109245811B CN201810919296.5A CN201810919296A CN109245811B CN 109245811 B CN109245811 B CN 109245811B CN 201810919296 A CN201810919296 A CN 201810919296A CN 109245811 B CN109245811 B CN 109245811B
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王伶
邱彬
谢坚
粟嘉
陶明亮
张兆林
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    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
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    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种基于频控阵人工噪声方向调制的优化方法,发射端已知合法接收机的方位角和距离,取归一化波束矢量;计算最大合法接收机与临近窃听接收机最大保密速率之差,通过非凸优化算法,解得最大保密能力的频率补偿矢量,进而求得合法接收机导向矢量;根据人工噪声与合法接收机导向矢量正交,计算归一化人工噪声投影矩阵,得到基于频控阵人工噪声基带信号。本发明实现了角度和距离上的双重控制,同时实现了合法接收机与临近窃听接收机之间最大保密速率差,保证了更高精度的物理层无线安全通信。

Description

一种基于频控阵人工噪声方向调制的优化方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种多天线阵列的方向调制方法,适用于利用频控阵结合人工噪声进行无线安全通信。
背景技术
传统的无线通信都是将基带信号上变频到射频,经放大器激励到发射天线实现数字无线通信。但由于无线通信收发系统和无线传输信道具有一定的开放性,如果窃听接收机有足够的灵敏度,那么也可以解调出保密信息,因而无法保证通信信息在传输过程中的私密性和安全性问题。为了实现无线安全通信,需要在保障合法接收机能够解调出保密信息前提下,降低窃听接收机的信噪比,增强其低截获(LPI)概率的能力。
当前基于相控阵的方向调制技术能够实现方向上的保密通信,即在合法接收机方向达到很高信噪比,同时在其他方向信噪比很低。但是若窃听接收机和合法接收机处于相同的方向上,则无法实现保密通信。频控阵具有距离和角度二维依赖性,因而广泛应用于方向调制保密通信中。目前对于频控阵方向调制主要集中在去耦合方法的研究和波束矢量的优化上,都无法保证窃听接收机临近合法接收机时的无线保密通信。在实际应用中,通常窃听接收机都会尽可能地接近合法接收机窃听保密信息。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足,本发明提供一种基于频控阵人工噪声的方向调制的优化方法,通过对各阵元频率补偿的优化,实现了角度和距离上的双重控制,同时实现了合法接收机与临近窃听接收机之间最大保密速率差,保证了更高精度的物理层无线安全通信。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案包括以下步骤:
1)假设发射端是一个由N阵元构成的均匀线阵,其阵列因子表示为
Figure BDA0001763797280000011
其中,wn(t)、hn(fn,θ,r,t)分别表示第n个阵元的波束矢量和导向矢量,fn=fc+Δfn,fc为均匀线阵的载波频率,Δfn为第n个阵元的频率补偿,θ和r分别为接收机的方位角和距离,h(f,θ,r,t)=[h0,h1,...,hN-1]为导向矢量;
2)计算最大合法接收机与临近窃听接收机最大保密速率之差
Figure BDA0001763797280000021
满足fn∈[Fmin,Fmax],
Figure BDA0001763797280000022
Fmax、Fmin为接收机的工作频率上下限;其中,
Figure BDA0001763797280000023
为合法接收机保密速率,
Figure BDA0001763797280000024
为窃听接收机保密速率,SNRL(t)为合法接收机的信噪比,
Figure BDA0001763797280000025
为窃听接收机的平均信噪比;
3)通过非凸优化算法,解得最大保密能力的频率补偿矢量
Figure BDA0001763797280000026
4)根据优化的频率补偿矢量f=[f0,f1,...fN-1]T求得合法接收机导向矢量h(f,θL,rL,t),其中,θL和rL为合法接收机的方位角和距离;
5)根据人工噪声与合法接收机导向矢量正交,计算归一化人工噪声投影矩阵为
Figure BDA0001763797280000027
其中,IN为N×N的单位阵;
6)取归一化波束矢量
Figure BDA0001763797280000028
7)计算基于频控阵人工噪声基带信号
Figure BDA0001763797280000029
并通过均匀线阵发出,其中,Ps为发送功率,α为功率分配因子,x(t)为符号消息,z为人工噪声矢量,满足独立同分布的高斯复随机变量。
本发明的有益效果是:通过对频控阵频率补偿的优化,实现临近合法接收机与窃听接收机的保密能力差最大,即最大化合法接收机保密速率,同时最小化临近窃听接收机保密速率,达到更好的低截获概率性能。
本发明基于频控阵人工噪声方向调制,实现距离和角度的双重控制,在保证合法接收机方向和距离不受人工噪声影响的同时,降低了临近窃听接收机的信噪比,实现安全通信。
附图说明
图1为频控阵模型的示意图。
图2为频控阵人工噪声方向调制发送流程图。
图3为频控阵人工噪声方向调制的保密速率分布图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明,本发明包括但不仅限于下述实施例。
本发明提供的基于频控阵人工噪声方向调制的无线安全通信,
1)假设发射端是一个由N阵元构成的均匀线阵,其阵列因子表示为
Figure BDA0001763797280000031
其中,
Figure BDA0001763797280000032
分别表示第n个阵元的波束矢量和导向矢量。Δfn为第n个阵元的频率补偿。θ和r分别为接收机的方位角和距离,h(f,θ,r,t)=[h0,h1,...,hN-1]为导向矢量。
2)基于频控阵人工噪声基带信号表示为
Figure BDA0001763797280000033
其中,Ps为发送功率,α为功率分配因子,x(t)为符号消息,PAN(t)为人工噪声投影矩阵,z为人工噪声矢量,满足独立同分布的高斯复随机变量,w(t)=[w0(t),w1(t),...,wN-1(t)]为波束矢量。
3)发射端已知合法接收机位置,取归一化波束矢量
Figure BDA0001763797280000034
4)单天线接收机接收到的信号表示为y(t)=h(f,θ,r,t)s(t)+n。其中,n为信道噪声。
5)最大合法接收机与临近窃听接收机最大保密速率之差
Figure BDA0001763797280000035
满足fn∈[Fmin,Fmax],
Figure BDA0001763797280000036
其中,
Figure BDA0001763797280000037
为合法接收机保密速率,
Figure BDA0001763797280000038
窃听接收机保密速率,SNRL(t)为合法接收机的信噪比,
Figure BDA0001763797280000039
为窃听接收机的平均信噪比。
6)通过非凸优化算法,解得最大保密能力的频率补偿矢量
Figure BDA00017637972800000310
7)根据优化的频率补偿矢量f=[f0,f1,...fN-1]T求得合法接收机导向矢量h(f,θL,rL,t)。
8)根据人工噪声与合法接收机导向矢量正交,计算归一化得人工噪声投影矩阵为
Figure BDA00017637972800000311
其中,IN为N×N的单位阵。
根据本发明所述基于频控阵人工噪声的方法,以一个载波频率为fc=1GHz频控阵为例。假定发射端为一个32阵元均匀线阵,阵元间距为d=c/2fc=0.15m的频控阵发送载波信号序列。接收端为单天线。加性噪声为一个复高斯零均值的白噪声,且假设阵列噪声上功率相同。由图2所示,本发明提供了一种基于频控阵人工噪声的安全通信方法,具体实施方式如下
步骤一:图1示出了频控阵(FDA)模型的示意图。如图1所示,fn=fc+Δfn,Δfn为频率补偿。由于带宽的限制,fn∈[Fmin,Fmax],
Figure BDA0001763797280000041
步骤二:令合法接收机的位置为(1200m,30°),临近窃听接收机位置为(1300m,30°),频控阵载波带宽为3MHz。根据最优合法接收机保密速率与窃听接收机保密速率之差目标函数,可计算得到最优频率补偿矢量Δf=[-4696794.43929458,-4672175.16918492,-4645462.71759760,-4615794.76793003,-4582294.48530209,-4544061.97914243,-4500147.02425325,-4449521.34852934,-4391060.91400754,-4323554.22503543,-4245756.84668028,-4156515.72380865,-4054985.34446955,-3940942.09625030,-3815162.06406915,-3679871.02250338,-3539759.62207365,-3399983.26610017,-3266019.33933997,-3143079.55844259,-3033096.90969670,-2938954.09116042,-2858231.42093277,-2791549.15545118,-2735555.48941469,-2689543.68972778,-2650812.19511306,-2618762.27865434,-2591154.51029086,-2567837.32237780,-2547308.17941225,-2528893.50824559]。
步骤三:根据优化频率补偿矢量,计算出合法接收机导向矢量h(θL,rL,t;f,)。
步骤四:根据合法接收机导向矢量得到归一化的人工噪声投影矩阵PAN(t;f)。
步骤五:由w(t)和PAN(t;f)计算得到基于频控阵人工噪声基带信号s(t),并通过放大器由频控阵射频发出。
图3显示了基于频控阵人工噪声波束保密速率的分布图,从图3可以看出,在合法接收机位置其保密速率很高,保证了合法接收机能够正确解调出信息,而在临近的窃听接收机位置,保密速率几乎为0,使其很难解调出保密信息,因而增强无线通信的保密能力。

Claims (1)

1.一种基于频控阵人工噪声方向调制的优化方法,其特征在于包括下述步骤:
1)假设发射端是一个由N阵元构成的均匀线阵,其阵列因子表示为
Figure FDA0002882970610000011
其中,wn(t)、hn(fn,θ,r,t)分别表示第n个阵元的波束矢量和导向矢量,fn=fc+Δfn,fc为均匀线阵的载波频率,Δfn为第n个阵元的频率补偿,θ和r分别为接收机的方位角和距离,h(f,θ,r,t)=[h0,h1,...,hN-1]为导向矢量;
2)计算最大合法接收机与临近窃听接收机最大保密速率之差
Figure FDA0002882970610000012
满足fn∈[Fmin,Fmax],
Figure FDA0002882970610000013
其中,
Figure FDA0002882970610000014
为合法接收机保密速率,
Figure FDA0002882970610000015
为窃听接收机保密速率,SNRL(t)为合法接收机的信噪比,
Figure FDA0002882970610000016
为窃听接收机的平均信噪比;
3)通过非凸优化算法,解得最大保密能力的频率补偿矢量
Figure FDA0002882970610000017
4)根据优化的频率补偿矢量f=[f0,f1,...fN-1]T求得合法接收机导向矢量h(f,θL,rL,t),其中,θL和rL为合法接收机的方位角和距离;
5)根据人工噪声与合法接收机导向矢量正交,计算归一化人工噪声投影矩阵为
Figure FDA0002882970610000018
其中,IN为N×N的单位阵;
6)取归一化波束矢量
Figure FDA0002882970610000019
7)计算基于频控阵人工噪声基带信号
Figure FDA00028829706100000110
并通过均匀线阵发出,其中,Ps为发送功率,α为功率分配因子,x(t)为符号消息,z为人工噪声矢量,满足独立同分布的高斯复随机变量。
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