The adjustable waveguides system that a kind of pair of X-ray nanoscale focuses
Technical field
The present invention relates to particle or the processing unit of ionising radiation, such as focus or slowing down field, more particularly to application diffraction,
The X-ray focusing device of refraction or reflection, adjustable waveguides system that specifically a kind of pair of X-ray nanoscale focuses and its
Preparation method.
Background technique
The performance of nano grade biological structure and to connect each other be the emphasis studied in life science, leads in life science
In the research of domain, the function and cluster energy of biological molecule have been achieved for biggish progress, but nano grade biological structure
Three-dimensional imaging but develop it is relatively slow, main reason is that the limitation of 3 dimension imaging technology.Nanoscale structures are imaged now, institute
The analysis method of use mainly has scanning electron microscope analysis, tem study and fluorescence analysis.First two point
Analysis method can be good at showing two-dimentional biological structure, but can simultaneously will cause irreversible wound to Initial experiments sample
Evil, thus in the research to biological structure, the method that can utilize fluorescence analysis demarcates sample using isotope.But
It is the particularity due to fluorescence analysis method, is of limited application.On this basis, educational circles finds x-ray imaging method energy
Problem more than enough effective solutions.Irreversible damage, but also X will not only be caused to sample using x-ray imaging method
The penetration power of ray is strong, under the conditions of corresponding, three-dimensional imaging can be carried out to different samples, so that it is widely used.
In x-ray imaging system, waveguide has the function of coupling and filter to X-ray as important component, to visit
Sample forms the preferable X radiographic source of coupling.Early in 1974, Spiller and Segmueller were successfully prepared first
A X-ray resonance coupling waveguide (E. Spiller, A. Segmueller, Applied Physics Letter, 24
(1974), 60-61).But experimental result is undesirable, due to the coupling light that is emitted from waveguide by surface reflection and thoroughly
The strong influence for penetrating light declines its coupling effect.Strong coupling light in order to obtain, T. Salditt are coupled using front end
Method prepares and prepares carbon film in germanium substrate, and is fixed on another side with another germanium, is formed and is protected to carbon-coating.Both sides are utilized in this way
Germanium substrate can effectively block reflected light (T. Salditt, S.P. Krueger, C. Fuhse and C. Baehtz,
Physical Review Letters, 100 (2008), 184801-1-4), at 19.5 keV, the hot spot near field is big
It is small at 25 nanometers, transmissivity is only in 2.5 E-5.The reason is that X-ray has a large amount of loss in waveguiding structure, thus transmit
Rate is lower.Thus, the resolution ratio of the transmissivity and hot spot that improve waveguide becomes the emphasis of research waveguide performance, in this regard, some grind
The person of studying carefully has found that waveguide performance can be improved by effectively optimizing waveguiding structure under study for action.
For example, forming waveguide using membrane structure.T. Salditt is prepared for molybdenum/carbon/molybdenum trilamellar membrane in germanium substrate,
Spot size is reduced to 15 nanometers at 19.5 keV, transmissivity increase to 0.081 (T. Salditt, S.P. Krueger,
C. Fuhse and C. Baehtz, Physical Review Letters, 100 (2008), 184801-1-4).I.
R. Prudnikov is using two periodic multilayer films as wall, wherein forming the air gap as conductting layer.When X-ray couples
After entering waveguide, Bragg effect caused by multi-layer film structure can efficiently reduce loss when x-ray transmission, by excellent
The size and multi-layer film structure for changing the air gap, can obtain strongest emergent light (I. R. Prudnikov, Applied
Crystallography, 38(2005), 595-602).The result shows that reduction X-ray using membrane structure effectively
Loss, can effectively improve waveguide performance.
It is recently proposed a kind of fixed structure of double arrays of multilayer film waveguiding structure, by losing on multilayer film waveguiding structure
The gap for carving a fixed range, forms two fixed waveguiding structures before and after gap, and clearance distance is first waveguide
The level-one of structure or the length of second level focal length, i.e. second waveguiding structure be arranged in first waveguiding structure and/or two
On grade focal position, mentality of designing is, after the energy of X-ray has been determined, the calculating propagated according to X-ray in single channel
Method (C. Fuhse, T. Salditt, Physica B, 357 (2005) 57-60), by X-ray in waveguide entrance
The solution of Helmholtz equation obtains propagation constant (propagation constant) β and conductting layer (guiding layer)
The relation formula of thickness d recycles Taylor's formula to be unfolded, so that it may obtain pass of the thickness in a small amount with propagation constant between a small amount of
System, and thereby determine that the thickness of each conductting layer, as needed after the length of default first waveguiding structure, spread out using not bright standing grain expense
It penetrates effect equation and determines focal positions at different levels, after calculating more than carrying out, prepare multilayer film sample using magnetically controlled DC sputtering technology
Product reuse ion(ic) etching (Reactive Ion Etching) and etch level-one or second level focal length on multilayer membrane sample
Distance, this structure can effectively promote focus signal-to-noise ratio, by X-ray focusing near field, however send out in actually manufacture
It is existing, it is often had differences with expected thickness using the conductting layer thickness of the multilayer membrane sample of magnetically controlled DC sputtering technology preparation,
The fixed interval (FI) etched simultaneously also tends to not to be accurately located in the distance of focal length, and nanoscale optical element is small
Error often leads to focusing effect and the big phase front yard diameter of desired effect, causes the focusing effect of finished product unsatisfactory.
Therefore, on the basis of existing technology, the adjustable waveguides system of a kind of pair of X-ray nanoscale focusing is devised,
It can not be influenced by the error during manufacturing, and can make up the parameter determined when waveguiding structure and simulation calculating after shaping
Difference, can achieve focusing effect even more than expected.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to solve above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, provide what a kind of pair of X-ray nanoscale focused
Adjustable waveguides system and preparation method thereof improves the focusing performance of existing waveguide.
To achieve the goals above, the adjustable waveguides system of a kind of pair of X-ray nanoscale focusing, the nanometer are designed
Grade be focused to focus after X-ray light spot profile maximum gauge at 45 nanometers hereinafter, the Wave guide system includes by first
The adjustable housing base that housing base and second housing matrix are constituted, the first housing base and second housing matrix can carry out phase
To movement, the identical plural layers waveguiding structure of structure, multi-layer thin are respectively and fixedly provided in the first housing base and second housing matrix
Film is that two kinds of materials are arranged alternately, and one of two kinds of materials material is conductive material, and the conductive material passes through X-ray,
Another material is wall of the transition metal material as the conductive material, and the conductive material is C film, wall
Outermost layer for transition metal element, the plural layers is material spacer layer, and material spacer layer is fixedly connected with housing base,
The material of the housing base is silicon or germanium, and the adjustable housing base is integrally provided in temperature adjustable cavity, the temperature
The temperature regulating range for spending adjustable cavity is 30 degrees Celsius -800 degrees Celsius.
The transition metal element is molybdenum or nickel.
The material of the housing base is material identical with material spacer layer.
Carried out when first housing base and second housing matrix can make a relative move two waveguiding structures it
Between distance adjust, the range that distance is adjusted is less than the level-one focal length of the plural layers waveguiding structure and is greater than described
The second level focal length of plural layers waveguiding structure.
The invention further relates to the preparation method for the adjustable waveguides system that a kind of pair of X-ray nanoscale focuses, the systems
Preparation Method includes: to etch the first housing base and second housing matrix that shape matches using photoetching technique, utilizes direct current
Magnetron sputtering technique prepares plural layers waveguiding structure sample, and one layer of anti-electron beam is plated on plural layers waveguiding structure sample
Film is etched in the middle position of the plural layers waveguiding structure sample of anti-electron beam film using electron beam and is lost to ion beam
The gap at quarter, using ion beam by the identical multi-layer thin of structure described in the plural layers waveguiding structure Sample Etch two
Two plural layers waveguiding structures are fixed on the first housing base and second housing matrix using high temperature adhesives by film waveguiding structure
In, the first housing base and second housing matrix are matched, the structure for being able to carry out relative movement when being driven is formed in
And be arranged in temperature adjustable cavity, by the driving mechanism outside the first housing base and second housing matrix and temperature adjustable cavity
It is attached.
The photoetching technique is extreme ultraviolet lithography, and the coating machine that the magnetically controlled DC sputtering technology uses is height
Vacuum coating equipment, background vacuum is 5 × 10-5Pa hereinafter, operating air pressure is 0.3-0.8Pa, the power of material spacer layer target
25-150w, the power of conductive material target are 100-150W.
The present invention compared with the existing technology, the advantage is that:
1) the conventional thinking that the present invention has broken traditional design provides a kind of novel adjustable waveguides system, and traditional design is thought
Want to be confined to first to carry out simulation calculating, is manufactured accordingly after the parameter for determining waveguide, finished product is then limited to after producing
Set parameter and can not adjust, the actually set parameter of waveguiding structure finished product often has differences with pre- period parameters, thus
It results in focusing effect and expection is not achieved, especially in nano-focusing structure, difference on effect caused by small difference is very big,
And the present invention can be adjusted after the completion of finished product to make up bring difference in manufacturing process, it is particularly possible to reach even
More than desired effect;
2) present invention is directed to the characteristics of C film, has used temperature-adjusting device innovatively to carry out the small tune of C film thickness
Section, usually in magnetically controlled DC sputtering because the performance of coating machine is lost, the C film thickness frequently resulted in is partially thin, passes through examination
It tests, when being heated to certain temperature, focusing energy loss caused by the error of C film thickness can be effectively made up from effect
It loses, is calculated by simulation, according to the thermal expansion coefficient of C film, actual thickness swelling can not also be complete near these temperature
C film is thickened to expected level, however often presented in actual effect meet or exceed desired effect expectation it
Outer technical effect;
3) present invention carries out apart from upper adjusting two waveguide arrays using driving mechanism, and no matter first waveguiding structure is emitted
Focal position actually wherein, adaptability can be carried out by driving mechanism and is adjusted so that second waveguide structure is accurately fixed
Focal position is arrived in position;
4) two plural layers waveguiding structures etch for same plural layers waveguide sample, and the complete phase of its structure
Together, i.e., either thickness or length is all the same, has expansion consistency when temperature is adjusted, will not change two waveguiding structures
Coupling effect.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is Wave guide system schematic diagram when waveguide distance is adjusted to longest distance by the present invention.
Fig. 2 is waveguiding structure schematic diagram when waveguide distance is adjusted to the shortest distance by the present invention.
In figure: 3. first housing base 4. of driving mechanism of 1. temperature adjustable cavity, 2. first housing base
Plural layers wave fixed in 5. first housing base of wall of fixed plural layers waveguiding structure in one housing base
It is solid in 7. second housing matrix of driving mechanism, the 8. second housing matrix of the 6. second housing matrix of conductting layer of guide structure
The conductting layer of fixed plural layers waveguiding structure in the 9. second housing matrix of wall of fixed plural layers waveguiding structure
L. the distance between two waveguiding structures.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings, as belonging to background technique, the structure of plural layers waveguide and
Principle of method itself is very clearly, only to be laid particular emphasis in the application specific embodiment to existing for the people of this profession
There are the improvement part and Contrast on effect of technology, it is further to note that the structure in Figure of description is only illustrative nature,
Such as the film number of plies in figure is not the true number of plies, as background technique is mentioned, the film number of plies is actually generally radix, intermediate
Layer be conductting layer, be respectively wall conductting layer wall etc. and so on to two sides, at present 3-15 layers it is equal in the prior art
It to refer to, is illustrated in embodiment with 15 layers of waveguiding structure, actually either several layers of waveguiding structures, basic waveguide
Principle be all it is identical, may be applicable to adjustable structure of the invention.
As shown in Fig. 1, the Wave guide system include be made of the first housing base 3 and second housing matrix 7 can
Mode housing base, the first housing base and second housing matrix can make a relative move, the first housing base and second housing
The identical plural layers waveguiding structure of structure is respectively and fixedly provided in matrix, plural layers are that two kinds of materials are arranged alternately, two kinds of materials
One of material be conductive material 5 and 9, the conductive material passes through X-ray, and another material is that transition metal material is made
For the wall 4 and 8 of the conductive material, the conductive material is C film, and wall is transition metal element, the multilayer
The outermost layer of film is material spacer layer, and material spacer layer is fixedly connected with housing base, and the material of the housing base is silicon
Or germanium, the adjustable housing base are integrally provided in temperature adjustable cavity 1), the temperature of the temperature adjustable cavity adjusts model
Enclose is 30 degrees Celsius -800 degrees Celsius.
The transition metal element is molybdenum or nickel.
The material of the housing base is also possible to material identical with material spacer layer to reduce in temperature tune knot not
With the removing of the stress variation possible housing base and wall of material, however housing base and wall are to pass through height
What warm adhering technique was fixed, the temperature that tack temperature is far longer than temperature adjustable cavity adjusts the upper limit, even if usually material
Difference will not generate removing, as just preferred embodiment.
Two waveguiding structures are carried out when first housing base 3 and second housing matrix 7 can make a relative move
The distance between L adjust, distance adjust range be less than the plural layers waveguiding structure level-one focal length and be greater than
The second level focal length of the plural layers waveguiding structure.
As shown in Fig. 2, when the distance between two waveguiding structures L is adjusted to the shortest distance, distance L should be to when young
In the level-one focal length of waveguiding structure, focal lengths at different levels are true by the phase and propagation constant and the length of waveguide of waveguide
Fixed, the thickness for changing different conducting film layers can influence the phase of X-ray outgoing, these are that well known principle is no longer superfluous
It states.
Preparation method includes: to etch the first housing base that shape as shown in Fig. 2 matches using photoetching technique
With second housing matrix, photoetching technique is the well known prior art, carries out respective graphical to object is etched using light shield exposure
Definition can etch 10 nanometers of figures below by extreme ultraviolet lithography at present, and which is not described herein again.
Plural layers waveguiding structure sample is prepared using magnetically controlled DC sputtering technology, by process optimization, high vacuum coating
The background vacuum of machine at least should be 5 × 10-5Pa hereinafter, operating air pressure is 0.3-0.8Pa, the power of material spacer layer target
25-150w, the power of conductive material target are 100-150W.
Technique at the beginning be using identical filming parameter expection produce two pieces of identical waveguiding structures, it is found that
Even if parameter is identical, finished product still has nuance, later using the design success that same waveguiding structure is divided into two
The insignificant two identical waveguiding structures of difference are obtained, concrete mode is to plate one layer on plural layers waveguiding structure sample to resist
Electron beam film, using electron beam the middle position of the plural layers waveguiding structure sample of anti-electron beam film etch to from
The gap of beamlet etching, it is using ion beam that structure described in the plural layers waveguiding structure Sample Etch two is identical
Two plural layers waveguiding structures are finally fixed on 3 He of the first housing base using bonding mode by plural layers waveguiding structure
In second housing matrix 7, that is, mating structure as shown in Fig. 2 is constituted, finally by the first housing base and second housing matrix
It is matched, be formed in the structure for being able to carry out relative movement when being driven and be arranged in temperature adjustable cavity, it will be outside first
Housing base and second housing matrix are attached with the driving mechanism 2,6 outside temperature adjustable cavity respectively, and driving method can be
Screw rod driving, is also possible to push directly on, specific driving method is simultaneously not specially limited.Regulative mode of the invention is for work
The effect that makes up of skill error is compared by waveguiding structure in detail below.
The waveguiding structure of design film layer centered on carbon thin film layer, thickness is maintained at 8.0 nanometers, and determines its phase
Variation is 0, and the wall of two sides deposition is 52.4 nanometers of molybdenum film layer, then is sequentially depositing 7.6 nano-carbon films in two sides,
53.8 nanometers of molybdenum films, 6.2 nano-carbon films, 56.0 nanometers of molybdenum films, 4.0 nano-carbon films, 50.0 nanometers of molybdenum films, each waveguiding structure
X-ray incident direction length be 280 microns, level-one focal length be 225 microns (prior art be by etching it is contemplated that
225 microns of constant spacing is etched between two waveguiding structures), be based on the design, it is contemplated that X-ray transmission rate be 0.02 with
On, spot size is 40 nm hereinafter, focus signal-to-noise ratio is at least 40 or more, however actual transmission is only 0.0169, and hot spot is big
Small is only 47 nm, and focus signal-to-noise ratio is also only 32.95, and after the two waveguiding structure etch separates that will be fixed, use this hair
Bright adjustable systems only can be gathered spot size by the distance between two waveguiding structures of fine tuning at 30 degrees Celsius
Coke arrives 45nm, and signal-to-noise ratio is also increased to 35.64, and discovery can significantly affect X-ray transmission rate when adjusting temperature, 400
Degree Celsius when, actual transmission can be improved to 0.0192, at 800 degrees Celsius, can reach 0.026, meet or exceed expection,
The focusing effect of hot spot and signal-to-noise ratio are also improved simultaneously.
It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is non-for limitation of the invention purpose, it is described herein
Specific embodiment is only used to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art are expected various etc.
It should all be belonged to the scope of protection of the present invention with mapping mode.