CN109241685A - A kind of safeguard structure light-weight design method under equivalent dead-load effect - Google Patents
A kind of safeguard structure light-weight design method under equivalent dead-load effect Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention proposes the safeguard structure light-weight design method under a kind of effect of equivalent dead-load, according to the practical closure size of civil air defense constructions and installations, establish the overall structure of safeguard, convert the dynamic load(loading) of explosion wave to by equivalent dead-load method the uniformly distributed static load for being loaded into force structure surface, founding mathematical models, carry out topological optimization, and the unitary solid construction after structural topology is subjected to differential configuration design, finally according to the detailing requiments of assembly and dimensionally-optimised theory, reach light-weighted purpose.Design method through the invention, it can be under constraint condition, change design variable, acquire the single goal even optimal solution of multiple target value, it is to realize a kind of structure lightened excellent means in Machine Design: substantially increases the utilization rate of material, light-weight design alleviates weight of equipment, improves the operating characteristics and the site-assembled safety of civil air defense constructions and installations of equipment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the safeguard technical field of civil air defense constructions and installations, especially a kind of light-weight design side of safeguard structure
Method.
Background technique
Currently, the mechanical structure of civil air defense constructions and installations safeguard often uses slot to reach the service performance that war skill requires
Steel and I-steel are as framework section bar welding, and for the drag and deflection that meet appropriate level, design redundancy causes to process
The waste of material, and equipment self-weight is larger, operating experience is poor, in addition, traditional product design extremely relies on designer
Experience, occur with being difficult to avoid that designing and modifying repeatedly in product development process, if exploitation design early period deficiency is often sent out
Raw later product modifies insufficient space, it will largely effects on period and the cost of product development.
For being opened flat door type structure, current civil air defense constructions and installations steel structure protective equipment to be opened flat based on door type structure,
Realize that wartime blocks by the cooperation of steel door leave and steel door frame: wherein the stress frame of door leaf is all made of ready-made fashioned iron, such as slot
Steel, I-steel welding, and formed in front and back laying welding steel；Doorframe is then made using the angle steel for being welded with anchor rib,
Equipment overall performance is heavy, and field-mounted process is time-consuming and laborious, poor using upper operating experience.
And existing design method is mostly using CAD/CAE technology, according to design experiences, modeling constructs the structure of equipment
Prototype is calculated by finite element structure, is investigated the stress performance of design structure, is adjusted mechanical structure repeatedly when being unsatisfactory for requiring
Design, finally obtain the design scheme with feasibility.
Although not getting rid of the dependence of design experiences it can be seen that existing design method uses CAD/CAE means
Property, it is designed by continuous virtual emulation and redesign repeatedly is attempted, finally obtained only a kind of equipment performance that meets is wanted
The feasible scheme asked inevitably will cause the wasting of resources of rapidoprint and the increase of product itself weight, make to service performance
At large effect.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the safeguard structure light-weight design methods under a kind of effect of equivalent dead-load, to solve
Existing design method period length, technical problem at high cost；And rapidoprint waste, finished product are solved from great, operating experience is poor
The problem of.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The technical solution further preferred as the present invention:
A kind of safeguard structure light-weight design method under equivalent dead-load effect, the specific steps are as follows:
Step 1 carries out the d solid modeling of safeguard structure according to the practical closure size of civil air defense constructions and installations.
Step 2 converts the dynamic load(loading) of explosion wave to the uniformly distributed static load for being loaded into safeguard structure surface.
Step 3 defines the mathematical model of optimization, carries out topological optimization, Redundancy Design is removed from overall structure, is obtained
Topological structure.
Step 4 investigates different cross section deflection of beam rigidity and carries out bearing beam under the premise of cross sectional moment of inertia is equal
Section design carries out differential configuration design to safeguard structure according to the size that the solid construction of topological structure and section are designed.
Step 5 improves the bad force structure of differential configuration using dimensionally-optimised theory.
In the step 1, the whole geometry structure of safeguard structure is established by cad technique.
In the step 2, the dynamic load(loading) of explosion wave is converted into protection knot using equivalent dead-load calculation method
Structure is evenly distributed with the standard value of static load, calculation formula are as follows:
Wherein, qfThe standard value of static load is evenly distributed with for safeguard；
The coefficient of impact when triangle of no pressure rising time is reduced to for conventional weapon explosion dynamic load waveform；
ΔPrFor the peak value of shock reflection overpressure on safeguard structure；
[β] is to allow ductility ratio；
ω is the self-vibration circular frequency of structure；
t0For the time of dynamic loading equivalent action.
Uniformly distributed static(al) face load is converted by equivalence static load method by the dynamic load of explosion wave and is loaded into meter
It calculates in model, carries out finite element static analysis, complicated dynamics problem is reduced to static problems and is addressed.
In the step 2, the geometry entity of safeguard structure is separated into node unit, establishes limited element calculation model, and
Set up frontiers condition, and the boundary condition includes constraint condition and load, and wherein load is applied in a manner of equivalent dead-load
On safeguard.
In the step 3, the mathematical model including design variable, constraint condition and target value is established: with finite element model
Cell density be design variable, constrained by the volume fraction in the displacement constraint of node and whole design domain, obtain whole knot
The least strain energy of structure.
It is assumed that the relationship of relative density and elasticity modulus of materials, is solved best based on entity isotropic material penalty
Material distribution, wherein the mathematical model of optimization can be stated are as follows:
Minimize:f (X)=f (x1, x2..., xn)
Subjectto:gj(X)≤0；J=1 ... m
hk(X)≤0；K=1 ... h
In formula, X=(x1, x2... xn) it is design variable；F (x) is design object function, and g (x) and h (x) are the pact of design
Beam function.
By selecting mathematic programming methods appropriate to carry out optimizing solution the particular problem of optimization, Lagrange is such as introduced
Equation
L (X, μ, λ)=f (X)+μTg(X)+λTH (X)=f (X)+∑ μjg+∑λkh
The condition that Lagrange's equation minimizes is:
μj Tgj=0；λk Thk=0
μj≥0；λk≥0
Based on finite element method (fem) analysis, the mathematical model of optimization is defined, carries out the optimizing of topological structure, removes the superfluous of design
Remaining structure makes full use of the mechanical property of material, obtains relatively reasonable topology layout, eliminates the reliance on design experiences, avoids
Possible designs work repeatedly.
In the step 4, topological structure is converted to the cross-section hollow profile that can be manufactured as bearing beam, and carry out difference
Dynamic tectonic sieving, the final optimization for realizing safeguard structure are regular.
It is required according to the size of topological structure and construction etc., solid construction is passed through into specific hollow section profile, benefit
With Equivalent Calculation neutrality equatorial moment of inertia, lightweight main structure required for the design section differential configuration of output goes out is realized
The light-weight design of force structure saves design cycle and production cost.
In conversion process, according to bending deformation operating condition bending stiffness EI equal principle carry out, i.e., for isotropic material and
Speech, the cross sectional moment of inertia of neutral axis are equal, wherein the line of deflection approximate differential equation of beam are as follows:
In formula: ω is amount of deflection；
M is moment of flexure；
E is elasticity modulus；
I is the moment of inertia of the cross section to neutral axis；
C, D is integral constant.
Compared with prior art the invention has the characteristics that and the utility model has the advantages that
The present invention proposes a kind of light-weight design method of people's air defense steel structure protective equipment, according to the practical envelope of civil air defense constructions and installations
Stifled size, the whole force structure of safeguard is established by CAD/CAE technology, the dynamic load(loading) of explosion wave is passed through
Effect dead load method is converted into the uniformly distributed static load for being loaded into force structure surface, and establishing includes design variable, constraint condition
With the mathematical model of the elements such as target value, suitable algorithm is selected to carry out the topological optimization calculated based on finite element structure, from whole
Redundancy Design is removed in body structure.Then different cross section deflection of beam rigidity is investigated, under the premise of cross sectional moment of inertia is equal, into
The section of row bearing beam is designed, and the unitary solid construction after structural topology is carried out differential configuration design, finally according to assembly
Detailing requiments and dimensionally-optimised theory, make full use of the mechanical property of material to design the main structure of safeguard, reach
Light-weighted purpose.
The present invention be product development Top-Down Design, according to the design method of proposition can predict Product Desing Flow when
Effect, makes full use of the mechanical property of material at the cumbersome operating mode for changing design iterations, with reach topology layout rationally, weight
Suitable purpose.Design method through the invention can change design variable, acquire single goal even under constraint condition
The optimal solution of multiple target value is that a kind of structure lightened excellent means are realized in Machine Design: from structure design aspect, this hair
It is bright to go out the layout of main structure required for force structure according to the mathematical model for the optimizing established, Precise spraying, it avoids
It is continuous to repeat modification design, save design time；In terms of properties of product, the present invention substantially increases the utilization of material
Rate, light-weight design alleviate weight of equipment, improve the operating characteristics and the site-assembled safety of civil air defense constructions and installations of equipment.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is flow diagram of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the grid cell schematic diagram of the limited element calculation model of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the topological structure result schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the selection form schematic diagram of the cross-section hollow profile of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the three-dimensional geometry schematic diagram after the optimization of the embodiment of the present invention is regular.
Specific embodiment
Safeguard structure light-weight design method shown in Figure 1, under this equivalent dead-load effect, specific steps are such as
Under:
Step 1 carries out the d solid modeling of safeguard structure according to the practical closure size of civil air defense constructions and installations.
Step 2 converts the dynamic load(loading) of explosion wave to the uniformly distributed static load for being loaded into safeguard structure surface:
When establishing finite element model, the boundary condition assignment using this standard figures as computation model is needed.
Step 3 defines the mathematical model of optimization, carries out topological optimization, Redundancy Design is removed from overall structure, is obtained
Topological structure: convergence judgement and sensitivity analysis are carried out in the iterative process of topological optimization, wherein sensitivity analysis is to set
Evaluation can obtain approximate models fitting by this analysis, until model is restrained and is exported excellent to the partial derivative of optimized variable
Topological structure after change.
Step 4 investigates different cross section deflection of beam rigidity and carries out bearing beam under the premise of cross sectional moment of inertia is equal
Section design carries out differential configuration design to safeguard structure according to the size that the solid construction of topological structure and section are designed.
Step 5 improves the bad force structure of differential configuration using dimensionally-optimised theory.
In the step 1, the whole geometry structure of safeguard structure is established by cad technique.
In the step 2, the dynamic load(loading) of explosion wave is converted into protection knot using equivalent dead-load calculation method
Structure is evenly distributed with the standard value of static load, calculation formula are as follows:
Wherein, qfThe standard value of static load is evenly distributed with for safeguard；
The coefficient of impact when triangle of no pressure rising time is reduced to for conventional weapon explosion dynamic load waveform；
ΔPrFor the peak value of shock reflection overpressure on safeguard structure；
[β] is to allow ductility ratio；
ω is the self-vibration circular frequency of structure；
t0For the time of dynamic loading equivalent action.
In the step 2, the geometry entity of safeguard structure is separated into node unit, establishes limited element calculation model, and
Set up frontiers condition, and the boundary condition includes constraint condition and load, and wherein constraint condition refers to the constraint of mechanical structure, carries
Lotus is applied on safeguard in a manner of equivalent dead-load.
Structure optimization is based on the basis of comprising design variable, constraint condition, the mathematical model of objective function three elements
The numerical value that finite element method carries out calculates, when carrying out conventional finite element model numerical value calculating, by the entirety knot of safeguard structure
Structure is based on modal displacement according to the grid cell that geometry divides, and after establishing stiffness equation, each unit combination is integrated
Whole stiffness matrix；According to boundary condition, the displacement of solution node and support reaction, and then obtain the mechanical property of safeguard
Can, including stress and strain parameter.When carrying out topological optimization on the basis of structural analysis, become under constraint condition by design
The continuous assignment of amount, introduces convergence judgement and sensitivity analysis, the mathematical model for being based ultimately upon definition seek objective function
Excellent solution.
In the step 3, the mathematical model including design variable, constraint condition and target value is established: with finite element model
Cell density be design variable, constrained by the volume fraction in the displacement constraint of node and whole design domain, obtain whole knot
The least strain energy of structure；Wherein constraint condition refers to that the volume fraction of modal displacement and design section, target value are safeguard structures
Least strain energy.
It is assumed that the relationship of relative density and elasticity modulus of materials, is solved best based on entity isotropic material penalty
Material distribution, wherein the mathematical model of optimization can be stated are as follows:
Minimize:f (X)=f (x1, x2..., xn)
Subjectto:gj(X)≤0；J=1 ... m
hk(X)≤0；K=1 ... h
In formula, X=(x1, x2... xn) it is design variable；F (x) is design object function, and g (x) and h (x) are the pact of design
Beam function.
By selecting mathematic programming methods appropriate to carry out optimizing solution the particular problem of optimization, Lagrange is such as introduced
Equation
L (X, μ, λ)=f (X)+μTg(X)+λTH (X)=f (X)+∑ μjg+∑λkh
The condition that Lagrange's equation minimizes is:
μj Tgj=0；λk Thk=0
μj≥0；λk≥0
In the step 4, topological structure is converted to the cross-section hollow profile that can be manufactured as bearing beam, and carry out difference
Dynamic tectonic sieving, the final optimization for realizing safeguard structure are regular；Section design can select different sections according to different situations
Form, as long as being able to satisfy requirement.
In conversion process, according to bending deformation operating condition bending stiffness EI equal principle carry out, i.e., for isotropic material and
Speech, the cross sectional moment of inertia of neutral axis are equal, wherein the line of deflection approximate differential equation of beam are as follows:
In formula: ω is amount of deflection；
M is moment of flexure；
E is elasticity modulus；
I is the moment of inertia of the cross section to neutral axis；
C, D is integral constant.
Referring to fig. 2, anti-under equivalent dead-load effect using protective seal plugging plate as embodiment shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5
Protect closed plugging plate light-weight design method, the specific steps are as follows:
Step 1 carries out the d solid modeling of protective seal plugging plate according to the practical closure size of civil air defense constructions and installations.
Step 2 converts the dynamic load(loading) of explosion wave to and is loaded into the uniformly distributed static(al) that protective seal blocks plate surface
Load.
Step 3 referring to fig. 2, shown in Fig. 3, defines the mathematical model of optimization, topological optimization is carried out, from overall structure
Except Redundancy Design, topological structure is obtained.
Step 4, it is shown in Figure 4, different cross section deflection of beam rigidity is investigated, under the premise of cross sectional moment of inertia is equal,
The section design of bearing beam is carried out, the size designed according to the solid construction of topological structure and section carries out door leaf structure differential
Tectonic sieving.
Step 5, it is shown in Figure 5, using dimensionally-optimised theory, the bad force structure of differential configuration is improved.
In the step 1, the whole geometry structure of safeguard structure is established by cad technique.
In the step 2, using equivalent dead-load calculation method by the dynamic load(loading) of explosion wave be converted to protection it is close
Close the standard value that plugging plate is evenly distributed with static load, calculation formula are as follows:
Wherein, qfThe standard value of static load is evenly distributed with for safeguard；
The coefficient of impact when triangle of no pressure rising time is reduced to for conventional weapon explosion dynamic load waveform；
ΔPrFor the peak value of shock reflection overpressure on safeguard structure；
[β] is to allow ductility ratio；
ω is the self-vibration circular frequency of structure；
t0For the time of dynamic loading equivalent action.
In the step 2, the geometry entity of protective seal plugging plate is separated into node unit, establishes FEM calculation
Model, and the condition that sets up frontiers, the boundary condition includes constraint condition and load, in the topological optimization of protective seal plugging plate
In the process, the contact surface of constraint doorframe and flanging above and below door leaf, load are then applied to door skin in a manner of equivalent dead-load
Outer surface.
In the step 3, the mathematical model including design variable, constraint condition and target value is established: with finite element model
Cell density be design variable, constrained by the volume fraction in the displacement constraint of node and whole design domain, obtain whole knot
The least strain energy of structure.
It is assumed that the relationship of relative density and elasticity modulus of materials, is solved best based on entity isotropic material penalty
Material distribution, wherein the mathematical model of optimization can be stated are as follows:
Minimize:f (X)=f (x1, x2..., xn)
Subjectto:gj(X)≤0；J=1 ... m
hk(X)≤0；K=1 ... h
In formula, X=(x1, x2... xn) it is design variable；F (x) is design object function, and g (x) and h (x) are the pact of design
Beam function.
By selecting mathematic programming methods appropriate to carry out optimizing solution the particular problem of optimization, Lagrange is such as introduced
Equation
L (X, μ, λ)=f (X)+μT.g(X)+λTH (X)=f (x)+∑ μjg+∑λkh
The condition that Lagrange's equation minimizes is:
μj Tgj=0；λk Thk=0
μj≥0；λk≥0
In the step 4, topological structure is converted to the cross-section hollow profile that can be manufactured as bearing beam, and carry out difference
Dynamic tectonic sieving, the final optimization for realizing protective seal plugging plate are regular.
In conversion process, according to bending deformation operating condition bending stiffness EI equal principle carry out, i.e., for isotropic material and
Speech, the cross sectional moment of inertia of neutral axis are equal, wherein the line of deflection approximate differential equation of beam are as follows:
In formula: ω is amount of deflection；
M is moment of flexure；
E is elasticity modulus；
I is the moment of inertia of the cross section to neutral axis；
C, D is integral constant.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of safeguard structure light-weight design method under equivalent dead-load effect, which is characterized in that specific step is as follows:
Step 1 carries out the d solid modeling of safeguard structure according to the practical closure size of civil air defense constructions and installations；
Step 2 converts the dynamic load(loading) of explosion wave to the uniformly distributed static load for being loaded into safeguard structure surface；
Step 3 defines the mathematical model of optimization, carries out topological optimization, Redundancy Design is removed from overall structure, obtains topology
Structure；
Step 4 investigates different cross section deflection of beam rigidity and carries out the section of bearing beam under the premise of cross sectional moment of inertia is equal
Design carries out differential configuration design to safeguard structure according to the size that the solid construction of topological structure and section are designed；
Step 5 improves the bad force structure of differential configuration using dimensionally-optimised theory.
2. the safeguard structure light-weight design method under equivalent dead-load effect according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
In the step 1, the whole geometry structure of safeguard structure is established by cad technique.
3. the safeguard structure light-weight design method under equivalent dead-load effect according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:
In the step 2, it is equal that the dynamic load(loading) of explosion wave is converted into safeguard structure using equivalent dead-load calculation method
The standard value of cloth static load, calculation formula are as follows:
Wherein, qfThe standard value of static load is evenly distributed with for safeguard；
The coefficient of impact when triangle of no pressure rising time is reduced to for conventional weapon explosion dynamic load waveform；
ΔPrFor the peak value of shock reflection overpressure on safeguard structure；
[β] is to allow ductility ratio；
ω is the self-vibration circular frequency of structure；
t0For the time of dynamic loading equivalent action.
4. the safeguard structure light-weight design method under equivalent dead-load effect according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:
In the step 2, the geometry entity of safeguard structure is separated into node unit, establishes limited element calculation model, and set up
Boundary condition, the boundary condition include constraint condition and load, and wherein load is applied to protection in a manner of equivalent dead-load
In equipment.
5. the safeguard structure light-weight design method under equivalent dead-load effect according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
In the step 3, the mathematical model including design variable, constraint condition and target value is established: with the list of finite element model
First density is design variable, is constrained, is obtained integrally-built by the displacement constraint of node and the volume fraction in whole design domain
Least strain energy.
6. the safeguard structure light-weight design method under equivalent dead-load effect according to claim 5, it is characterised in that:
It is assumed that the relationship of relative density and elasticity modulus of materials, solves optimal material based on entity isotropic material penalty
Distribution, wherein the mathematical model of optimization can be stated are as follows:
Minimize:f (X)=f (x1,x2,...,xn)
Subjectto:gj(X)≤0；J=1 ... m
hk(X)≤0；K=1 ... h
In formula, X=(x1, x2... xn) it is design variable；F (x) is design object function, and g (x) and h (x) are the constraint letter of design
Number.
By selecting mathematic programming methods appropriate to carry out optimizing solution the particular problem of optimization, Lagrange's equation is such as introduced
L (X, μ, λ)=f (X)+μTg(X)+λTH (X)=f (x)+∑ μjg+∑λkh
The condition that Lagrange's equation minimizes is:
μj Tgj=0；λk Thk=0
μj≥0；λk≥0 。
7. the safeguard structure light-weight design method under equivalent dead-load effect according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
In the step 4, topological structure is converted to the cross-section hollow profile that can be manufactured as bearing beam, and carry out differential structure
Design is made, the final optimization for realizing safeguard structure is regular.
8. the safeguard structure light-weight design method under equivalent dead-load effect according to claim 7, it is characterised in that:
In conversion process, carried out according to the bending stiffness EI equal principle of bending deformation operating condition, i.e., for isotropic material, neutral axis
Cross sectional moment of inertia it is equal, wherein the line of deflection approximate differential equation of beam are as follows:
In formula: ω is amount of deflection；
M is moment of flexure；
E is elasticity modulus；
I is the moment of inertia of the cross section to neutral axis；
C, D is integral constant.
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| CN113688473A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-11-23 | 武汉理工大学 | Optimized design method for machine body structure of mechanical press |
| CN113688473B (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2024-03-15 | 武汉理工大学 | Mechanical press body structure optimization design method |
| CN114547800A (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2022-05-27 | 大连理工大学 | Torsion bar lightweight design method based on topological optimization |
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