CN113688473B - Mechanical press body structure optimization design method - Google Patents
Mechanical press body structure optimization design method Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
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- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
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- G06F2119/14—Force analysis or force optimisation, e.g. static or dynamic forces
Abstract
The application provides a mechanical press body structure optimization design method, which comprises the following steps: s1, extracting a frame three-dimensional model; s2, carrying out statics analysis on the connecting rod structure to obtain the stress on the frame at the hinge position of the connecting rod and the frame; s3, carrying out finite element statics analysis on the frame according to the stress magnitude of the hinge part as a stress boundary condition to obtain frame deformation parameters; s4, filling the original rack to establish an optimization space, and establishing a topological optimization model of the rack by taking the rack deformation parameter as one of constraint conditions to perform topological optimization; s5, extracting local step features, and filling the frame by using three judging methods and four filling methods. The method realizes good manufacturability and high rigidity design of the frame, and meets the requirements of low-cost manufacture and high precision.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of machinery, in particular to a mechanical press machine body structure optimization design method.
Background
Mechanical presses are one of the most important classes of machine tools for carrying out forging and stamping processes, and the recent need for high precision parts has made the forming precision of servo mechanical presses a great challenge.
During operation, the forming load is ultimately applied to the frame as the primary load bearing member of the press causing deformation thereof, which can affect the accuracy of the forming of the parts. Therefore, high rigidity of the frame is a precondition for satisfying high-precision molding. The traditional design process of the press frame structure is seriously dependent on the design experience of a designer, and even if the rigidity of the designed frame meets the requirement, the size of the frame is still large, and the material utilization rate is low; if the designer designs a complex structure according to an advanced structural design method, such as topology optimization, the designed complex structure is difficult to be processed and manufactured.
Therefore, how to design a mechanical press frame with high rigidity and light weight and manufacturability by using an advanced design method is a technical problem that needs to be solved currently.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the purposes of the application is to provide a mechanical press body structure optimization design method, which aims to solve the problem of poor design effect of the existing mechanical press frame.
The technical scheme of the application is as follows:
the machine body structure optimization design method of the mechanical press comprises the following steps:
s1, extracting an original three-dimensional model of a machine frame of a mechanical press, and cleaning a micro structure of the original three-dimensional model of the machine frame;
S2, carrying out statics analysis on a connecting rod structure of the mechanical press to obtain a stress value on the frame at the hinge position of the connecting rod structure and the frame;
s3, taking the stress value on the frame as a stress boundary condition, and carrying out finite element statics analysis on the frame to obtain deformation parameters of the frame;
s4, filling the original three-dimensional model of the rack to establish an optimization space, establishing a topological optimization model of the rack by taking deformation parameters of the rack as constraint conditions, and performing topological optimization on the topological optimization model of the rack;
s5, extracting each local ladder structure characteristic of the rack according to the topological optimization result of the rack; and filling the frame by a convex spline curve distinguishing method, a concave spline curve distinguishing method and a straight line distinguishing method in combination with a convex filling method, a concave filling method, a straight line filling method and a right angle filling method.
As an aspect of the present application, in step S1, the method includes the following steps:
extracting an original three-dimensional model of the mechanical press frame for production and manufacture from an assembly body, and removing the micro structure on each steel plate on the frame, wherein the micro structure comprises a small round hole structure and a chamfer structure.
As an aspect of the present application, in step S2, the method includes the following steps:
independently extracting a transmission rod system in the connecting rod structure, and establishing a static equilibrium equation of the bottom dead center of a transmission rod in the transmission rod system; and taking the maximum nominal force and the rod clamping angle in the hydrostatic balance equation as known conditions, and solving the stress value on the frame at the hinge position of the connecting rod structure and the frame.
As an aspect of the present application, in step S3, the method includes the following steps:
importing the original three-dimensional model of the frame into finite element software and performing grid division, taking the stress value obtained by solving in the step S2 as a stress boundary condition of statics analysis to establish the finite element model of the frame, and calculating displacement parameters of the extracted feature points; the displacement parameters of the characteristic points comprise the displacement value of the hinging point on the frame in the vertical direction, the displacement value of the guide rail contacted with the sliding block on the frame in the horizontal direction and the displacement value of the lower base in the vertical direction.
As an aspect of the present application, in step S4, the method includes the following steps:
the frame formed by welding a plurality of steel plates is subjected to re-modeling, and an integral three-dimensional model of the frame is obtained; filling the cavity part in the whole frame three-dimensional model with the same material as the frame, and establishing a topological optimization model of the frame by taking the characteristic point displacement parameters extracted in the step S3 as constraint conditions, taking the unit density as a variable and the most volume percentage as an objective function; the expression equation of the topological optimization model of the rack is as follows:
Design variable: ρ e ，0≤ρ min ≤ρ e ≤1
Optimization target:
constraint conditions: k (k) e ＝(ρ e ) p k 0
d 1z ≤D 1z ，d 2z ≤D 2z ，d 3x ≤D 3x ，d 4x ≤D 4x ；
Wherein ρ is e Is the relative density of unit e ρ min Is the minimum of the relative density of the units, delta represents the volume fraction, V is the volume of the frame before optimization, V 0 The volumes of the frames after the optimization are respectively optimized, N represents the total unit number, v e Represents the e-th unit volume, k e And k 0 Respectively representing the e-th unit rigidity and the original material rigidity, p is a punishment factor, D 1z For the maximum displacement value of the hinge point on the frame in the vertical direction, D 2z For the maximum displacement value of the hinge point on the frame in the vertical direction, D 3x D is the displacement value of the left part of the guide rail which is contacted with the sliding block on the frame in the horizontal direction 4x The value of the right part of the guide rail, which is in contact with the sliding block, on the rack in the horizontal direction.
As a technical solution of the present application, in step S5, the local step structure is a structure in a step shape formed by remaining continuous units, which appears in the frame topology optimization result due to the continuous removal of a single unit or a plurality of units in the frame topology optimization process, and the features of the local step structure include the overall dimension of the local step structure, and the overall dimensions of each small step structure that forms the local step structure.
As an aspect of the present application, in step S5, the method includes the following steps:
extracting the converged topological-optimized three-dimensional model of the rack, and carrying out filling design on the rack by combining the convex filling method, the concave filling method, the linear filling method and the right-angle filling method through the convex spline curve distinguishing method, the concave spline curve distinguishing method and the linear distinguishing method according to the local ladder structure characteristics on the machine body of the rack; wherein:
in the convex filling method, the convex spline curve fitting discrimination conditions are as follows:
wherein a is 1 A is the abscissa of the highest point on the first step in the partial step structure in three-dimensional space 2 A is the abscissa of the highest point on the second step adjacent to the first step in the partial step structure 3 An abscissa of a highest point on a third step adjacent to the second step in the partial step structure in a three-dimensional space; l (L) 2 L is the ordinate of the highest point on the second step relative to the highest point on the first step in the partial step structure in three-dimensional space 3 An ordinate in three-dimensional space of a highest point on a third step in the partial step structure relative to a highest point on a second step;
the convex spline curve fitting is carried out in three-dimensional software of the existing spline curve fitting, contour curves of the local step structures on the machine body of the machine frame are designed after fitting is completed, and filling modeling is carried out on the local step structures on the machine body of the machine frame according to the contour curves;
in the concave filling method, concave spline curve fitting discrimination conditions are as follows:
wherein a is 1 A is the abscissa of the highest point on the first step in the partial step structure in three-dimensional space 2 Is the abscissa of the highest point on the second step adjacent to the first step in the partial step structure，a 3 An abscissa of a highest point on a third step adjacent to the second step in the partial step structure in a three-dimensional space; l (L) 2 L is the ordinate of the highest point on the second step relative to the highest point on the first step in the partial step structure in three-dimensional space 3 An ordinate in three-dimensional space of a highest point of a third step in the partial step structure relative to a highest point on a second step;
The concave spline curve fitting is carried out in three-dimensional software of the existing spline curve fitting, contour curves of the local step structures on the machine body of the machine frame are designed after fitting is completed, and filling modeling is carried out on the local step structures on the machine body of the machine frame according to the contour curves;
in the linear filling method, the primary linear fitting discrimination conditions are as follows:
wherein a is 1 A is the abscissa of the highest point on the first step in the partial step structure in three-dimensional space 2 A is the abscissa of the highest point on the second step adjacent to the first step in the partial step structure 3 An abscissa of a highest point on a third step adjacent to the second step in the partial step structure in a three-dimensional space; l (L) 2 L is the ordinate of the highest point on the second step relative to the highest point on the first step in the partial step structure in three-dimensional space 3 An ordinate in three-dimensional space of a highest point of a third step in the partial step structure relative to a highest point on a second step;
the primary straight line fitting is carried out in three-dimensional software of existing spline curve fitting, after fitting is completed, contour curves of the local step structures on the machine body of the machine frame are designed, and filling modeling is carried out on the local step structures on the machine body of the machine frame according to the contour curves;
In the right angle filling method, right angle shape fitting discrimination conditions are as follows: meets any one of the following discrimination conditions:
or (b)
Or (b)
Wherein a is 1 A is the abscissa of the highest point on the first step in the partial step structure in three-dimensional space 2 A is the abscissa of the highest point on the second step adjacent to the first step in the partial step structure 3 An abscissa of a highest point on a third step adjacent to the second step in the partial step structure in a three-dimensional space; l (L) 2 L is the ordinate of the highest point on the second step relative to the highest point on the first step in the partial step structure in three-dimensional space 3 An ordinate in three-dimensional space of a highest point of a third step in the partial step structure relative to a highest point on a second step;
the right-angle shape fitting is performed in three-dimensional software of existing spline curve fitting, contour curves of the local step structures on the machine body of the machine frame are designed after fitting is completed, and filling modeling is performed on the local step structures on the machine body of the machine frame according to the contour curves; and after filling all the partial ladder structures, finally obtaining the whole structure of the filled rack.
In step S5, when spline curves are constructed according to the external dimensions of the local step structure by using three-dimensional modeling software, where a plurality of continuous small steps are formed on the local step structure, after the highest point on the first small step and the highest point on the last small step are connected to form a straight line, if the highest point on the middle step between the two is above the straight line, the spline curves to be fitted are determined to be convex spline curves, then the highest point on the first step, the highest points on a plurality of steps with sequentially adjacent middle steps, and the highest point on the last step are connected by using spline curve functions in three-dimensional software to obtain a required spline curve, the obtained spline curve is connected with the initial contour line of the local step structure to obtain a final contour line, and then the part of the final contour line, which is lack of materials, is stretched along the final contour line in the three-dimensional modeling software to obtain a final filling structure; the concave filling method comprises the steps that when spline curve construction is carried out according to the outline dimension of a local step structure through three-dimensional modeling software, a plurality of continuous small steps are arranged on the local step structure, after the highest point of the first small step is connected with the highest point of the last small step to form a straight line, if the highest point of the middle step between the two is below the straight line, the spline curve to be fitted can be judged to be a concave spline curve, then the highest point of the first step on the local step structure, the highest points of a plurality of steps which are sequentially and continuously adjacent in the middle and the highest point of the last step are connected through spline curve functions in the three-dimensional software, the obtained spline curve is connected with the contour of the local step structure, a final contour line is obtained, and then the part of the final contour line, which is lack of materials, is stretched and filled in the direction perpendicular to the final contour line is obtained in the three-dimensional modeling software, and the final local structure after filling is obtained; the method comprises the steps that when spline curve construction is carried out according to the outline dimension of a local step structure through three-dimensional modeling software, a plurality of continuous small steps are arranged on the local step structure, after the highest point of the first small step and the highest point of the last small step are connected to form a straight line, if the highest point of the middle step between the two is positioned on the straight line, a line segment to be fitted can be judged to be a straight line, then the highest point of the first step on the local step structure, the highest points of a plurality of steps which are sequentially and continuously adjacent in the middle and the highest point of the last step are connected through spline curve function in three-dimensional software, the obtained straight line is connected with the contour of the local step structure, a final contour line is obtained, and then the part of the final contour line, which is lack of materials, is stretched and filled along the direction perpendicular to the final contour line, in the three-dimensional software, and the final local structure after filling is obtained; when the right-angle filling method is used for meeting the requirements of the convex spline curve distinguishing method, the concave spline curve distinguishing method or the straight line distinguishing method, the highest point on the first step, the highest point on a plurality of steps which are sequentially and continuously adjacent in the middle and the highest point on the last step on the local step structure are connected through spline curve functions in three-dimensional software to obtain a required convex spline curve, a required concave spline curve or a required straight line, the obtained convex spline curve, the obtained concave spline curve or the obtained straight line is connected with the local step structure outline to obtain a matrix outline, and then the part, which lacks materials, of the matrix outline is stretched and filled in the direction perpendicular to the matrix outline in three-dimensional software to obtain a local structure matrix after filling, and a long-wide sketch or a long-high sketch or a wide-high sketch is constructed according to the length-width height of the local structure matrix; the length-width sketch and the constructed convex spline curve, concave spline curve or straight line form a closed graph, and the height of the local structure matrix is stretched in three-dimensional software by taking the closed graph as a stretching contour; the long high sketch and the constructed convex spline curve, concave spline curve or straight line form a closed graph, and the width of the local structure matrix is stretched in three-dimensional software by taking the closed graph as a stretching contour; the wide-height sketch and the constructed convex spline curve, concave spline curve or straight line form a closed graph, and the length of the local structure matrix is stretched in three-dimensional software by taking the closed graph as a stretching contour; and thus the final local structure after filling.
The beneficial effects of this application:
in the mechanical press body structure optimization design method, the filling design criterion of the topological optimized local structure is established, so that good manufacturability and high rigidity design of the frame can be realized, low-cost manufacturing and high precision requirements are met, meanwhile, the rigidity design of the frame is directly realized, the subsequent size optimization and shape optimization design period can be reduced, and the method can be widely applied to the optimization design of the press body structure.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some examples of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and that other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for optimizing the design of a machine body structure of a mechanical press according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an original three-dimensional model of a gantry provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional model of a rack after being remodeled according to an embodiment of the present application;
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional model of a filled rack according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a force analysis of a connecting rod structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a topology-optimized rack three-dimensional model according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a convex filling method provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a method for filling a concave shape according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a linear filling method according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a right-angle filling method according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional model of a topologically optimized gantry provided in an embodiment of the present application after filling;
fig. 12 is a simplified step structure and a coordinate diagram according to an embodiment of the present application.
Icon: 1-a frame; 2-a slider; 3-a lower base; 4-bottom dead center.
Detailed Description
For the purposes of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application, as generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application, as provided in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the application, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the present disclosure, are within the scope of the present disclosure.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that, the azimuth or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", etc. are based on the azimuth or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the azimuth or positional relationship that the inventive product is conventionally put in use, are merely for convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element to be referred to must have a specific azimuth, be configured and operated in a specific azimuth, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present application.
Furthermore, in this application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature may include first and second features being in direct contact, either above or below, or through additional features being in contact therewith. Moreover, the first feature being above, over, and on the second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature being below, beneath, and beneath the second feature includes the first feature being directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
Furthermore, the terms "horizontal," "vertical," and the like do not denote a requirement that the component be absolutely horizontal or overhang, but rather may be slightly inclined. As "horizontal" merely means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the present application, it should also be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the terms in this application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art in a specific context.
Examples:
referring to fig. 1, with reference to fig. 2 to 12, the present application provides a mechanical press body structure optimization design method, which is described by combining a 2500KN mechanical servo press frame 1 for design example; the design method mainly comprises the following steps:
S1, extracting an original three-dimensional model of a machine frame 1 of a mechanical press, and cleaning a micro structure of the original three-dimensional model of the machine frame 1;
s2, carrying out statics analysis on a connecting rod structure of the mechanical press to obtain a stress value on the frame 1 at the hinge position of the connecting rod structure and the frame 1;
s3, taking a stress value on the frame 1 as a stress boundary condition, and carrying out finite element statics analysis on the frame 1 to obtain deformation parameters of the frame 1;
s4, filling the original three-dimensional model of the frame 1 to establish an optimization space, establishing a topological optimization model of the frame 1 by taking deformation parameters of the frame 1 as constraint conditions, and performing topological optimization on the topological optimization model of the frame 1;
s5, extracting each local step structure characteristic of the rack 1 according to the topological optimization result of the rack 1; the frame 1 is filled and designed by a convex spline curve distinguishing method, a concave spline curve distinguishing method and a straight line distinguishing method in combination with a convex filling method, a concave filling method, a straight line filling method and a right angle filling method.
Further, in step S1, an original three-dimensional model of the machine frame 1 of the mechanical press for production and manufacture is extracted from the assembled body, and the minute structure including the small round hole structure, the chamfer structure, and the like on each steel plate on the frame 1 is removed.
For example, as shown in fig. 2 to 4, a three-dimensional model of a machine frame 1 (having a nominal pressure of 2500 KN) of a mechanical press for manufacturing (having a length-width height of 3420mm×3420mm×4405 mm) is extracted from an assembled body, the machine frame 1 is composed of a plurality of thick steel plates, and minute structures of small round holes, chamfers, oil passage holes, etc. on each thick steel plate, which do not affect the overall structural size and performance of the machine frame 1, are removed in accordance with the machine frame 1 size 1:1, establishing a frame 1 overall model.
Meanwhile, in the step S2, a transmission rod system in a connecting rod structure is independently extracted, and a static equilibrium equation of a bottom dead center 4 of a transmission rod in the transmission rod system is established; and taking the maximum nominal force and the rod clamping angle in the hydrostatic balance equation as known conditions, and solving the stress value on the frame 1 at the hinge position of the connecting rod structure and the frame 1.
For example, as shown in fig. 5, the drive train of the link structure is first extracted separately, which is provided on the lower base 3. Wherein AB is an upper toggle rod, BC is a connecting rod, BD is a lower toggle rod, the upper toggle rod AB, the connecting rod BC and the lower toggle rod BD are hinged at a hinge B, one end of the upper toggle rod AB is hinged at a position A with the frame 1, one end of the lower toggle rod BD is hinged at a position D with a sliding block 2, one end of a connecting rod BC is hinged at a position C with a sliding block on a screw rod, and the sliding block 2 is contacted with the frame 1 and can slide in the frame 1. And establishing a hydrostatic balance equation of the bottom dead center 4 of the transmission rod, and solving the stress on the frame 1 at the hinge position of the connecting rod and the frame 1 by taking the maximum nominal force, the rod included angle and the like as known conditions, as shown in table 1.
Table 1 magnitudes of the respective component forces (KN)
| Component of force | F M | F AX | F AY | F CY |
| Size and dimensions of | 2500 | 296 | 1030 | 45 |
In Table 1, F M Representing the magnitude of the nominal force, F AX Representing the magnitude of the horizontal force applied by the hinge A on the frame 1, F AY Representing the amount of force in the vertical direction that the hinge A of the frame 1 receives, F CY Representing the amount of force in the vertical direction that the top of the frame 1 is subjected to.
Further, in step S3, the original three-dimensional model of the frame 1 is imported into finite element software and is subjected to grid division, the stress value obtained by solving in step S2 is used as a stress boundary condition of statics analysis to build the finite element model of the frame 1, and displacement parameters of feature points are extracted through calculation, wherein the displacement parameters of the feature points comprise a displacement value of a hinge point on the frame 1 in a vertical direction, a displacement value of a guide rail contacted with the sliding block 2 on the frame 1 in a horizontal direction and a displacement value of the lower base 3 in a vertical direction; thus, for example, the displacement of the hinge A point in FIG. 5 in the vertical direction is 0.3745mm, and the displacement of the contact portion between the frame 1 and the slider 2 in the X-axis direction is 0.1179mm.
In step S4, the cavity shell frame 1 formed by welding a plurality of thick steel plates is modeled again to obtain an integral three-dimensional model of the frame 1; filling the hollow cavity part in the three-dimensional model of the integral frame 1 with the same material as the frame 1, and not changing the size and shape of the assembly part on the frame 1; the characteristic point displacement parameter extracted in the step S3 is used as a main constraint condition, the unit density is used as a variable, and the most volume percentage is used as an objective function, so that a topological optimization model of the frame 1 is established; the expression equation of the topology optimization model of the rack 1 is as follows:
Design variable: ρ e ，0≤ρ min ≤ρ e ≤1
Optimization target:
constraint conditions: k (k) e ＝(ρ e ) p k 0
d 1z ≤D 1z ，d 2z ≤D 2z ，d 3x ≤D 3x ，d 4x ≤D 4x ；
Wherein ρ is e Is the relative density of unit e ρ min Is the minimum of the relative densities of the units, delta represents the volume fractionV is the volume of the frame 1 before optimization, V 0 The volume of the frame 1 after the optimization respectively, N represents the total unit number, v e Represents the e-th unit volume, k e And k 0 Respectively representing the e-th unit rigidity and the original material rigidity, p is a punishment factor, D 1z For maximum displacement value D of the hinge point on the frame 1 in the vertical direction 2z For maximum displacement value D of the hinge point on the frame 1 in the vertical direction 3x The displacement value D of the left part of the guide rail on the frame 1, which is contacted with the sliding block 2, in the horizontal direction 4x Is the value of the right part of the guide rail on the frame 1, which is in contact with the slide block 2, in the horizontal direction.
It should be noted that, in step S5, the local step structure is a step-shaped structure formed by remaining continuous units, which appears in the topology optimization result of the frame 1 due to the continuous removal of the single unit or the plurality of units in the topology optimization process of the frame 1, and the features of the local step structure include the overall dimension of the local step structure and the overall dimension of each small step structure constituting the local step structure.
Meanwhile, in step S5, as shown in fig. 6 to 12, extracting a three-dimensional model of the frame 1 with topology optimization after convergence, and performing filling design on the frame 1 according to each local step structural feature on the frame 1 by a convex spline curve discrimination method, a concave spline curve discrimination method and a straight line discrimination method in combination with a convex filling method, a concave filling method, a straight line filling method and a right angle filling method; the ideal ladder structure and the coordinates are shown in fig. 12; wherein:
in the convex filling method, the convex spline curve fitting discrimination conditions are as follows:
wherein a is 1 A is the abscissa of the highest point on the first step in the partial step structure in three-dimensional space 2 Is the abscissa of the highest point on the second step adjacent to the first step in the partial step structure, a 3 Is the abscissa of the highest point on a third step adjacent to the second step in the local step structure in three-dimensional space; l (L) 2 L is the ordinate in three-dimensional space of the highest point on the second step relative to the highest point on the first step in the partial step structure 3 Is the ordinate of the highest point on the third step in the partial step structure in three-dimensional space relative to the highest point on the second step;
The convex spline curve fitting is directly carried out in three-dimensional software of the existing spline curve fitting, after the fitting is completed, contour curves of all local step structures on the machine body of the machine frame 1 are designed, and filling modeling is carried out on all the local step structures on the machine body of the machine frame 1 according to the contour curves;
in the concave filling method, the concave spline curve fitting discrimination conditions are as follows:
wherein a is 1 A is the abscissa of the highest point on the first step in the partial step structure in three-dimensional space 2 Is the abscissa of the highest point on the second step adjacent to the first step in the partial step structure, a 3 Is the abscissa of the highest point on a third step adjacent to the second step in the local step structure in three-dimensional space; l (L) 2 L is the ordinate in three-dimensional space of the highest point on the second step relative to the highest point on the first step in the partial step structure 3 Is the ordinate of the highest point of the third step in the partial step structure in three-dimensional space relative to the highest point on the second step;
the concave spline curve fitting is directly performed in three-dimensional software of the existing spline curve fitting, after fitting is completed, contour curves of all local step structures on the machine body of the machine frame 1 are designed, and filling modeling is performed on all the local step structures on the machine body of the machine frame 1 according to the contour curves;
In the linear filling method, the primary linear fitting discrimination conditions are as follows:
wherein a is 1 A is the abscissa of the highest point on the first step in the partial step structure in three-dimensional space 2 Is the abscissa of the highest point on the second step adjacent to the first step in the partial step structure, a 3 Is the abscissa of the highest point on a third step adjacent to the second step in the local step structure in three-dimensional space; l (L) 2 L is the ordinate in three-dimensional space of the highest point on the second step relative to the highest point on the first step in the partial step structure 3 Is the ordinate of the highest point of the third step in the partial step structure in three-dimensional space relative to the highest point on the second step;
the primary straight line fitting is directly performed in three-dimensional software of existing spline curve fitting, after fitting is completed, contour curves of all local step structures on the machine body of the machine frame 1 are designed, and filling modeling is performed on all the local step structures on the machine body of the machine frame 1 according to the contour curves;
in the right-angle filling method, right-angle shape fitting discrimination conditions are as follows: meets any one of the following discrimination conditions:
or (b)
Or (b)
Wherein a is 1 A is the abscissa of the highest point on the first step in the partial step structure in three-dimensional space 2 Is adjacent to the first step in the partial step structureThe abscissa of the highest point on the second step, a 3 Is the abscissa of the highest point on a third step adjacent to the second step in the local step structure in three-dimensional space; l (L) 2 L is the ordinate in three-dimensional space of the highest point on the second step relative to the highest point on the first step in the partial step structure 3 Is the ordinate of the highest point of the third step in the partial step structure in three-dimensional space relative to the highest point on the second step;
the right-angle shape fitting is directly performed in three-dimensional software of existing spline curve fitting, after fitting is completed, contour curves of all local step structures on the machine body of the machine frame 1 are designed, and filling modeling is performed on all the local step structures on the machine body of the machine frame 1 according to the contour curves; when all the partial step structures are filled, the whole structure of the filled rack 1 is finally obtained.
Further, it should be noted that in step S5, as shown in fig. 7, when spline curves are constructed according to the external dimensions of the local step structure by using the three-dimensional modeling software, the local step structure has a plurality of continuous small steps, when the highest point on the first small step and the highest point on the last small step are connected to form a straight line, if the highest point on the middle step between the two is above the straight line, the spline curves to be fitted are determined to be convex spline curves, then the highest point on the first step, the highest point on the multiple steps and the highest point on the last step, which are sequentially and continuously adjacent in the middle, are connected by using spline curve functions in the three-dimensional software to obtain the required spline curves, the obtained spline curves are connected with the initial contour line of the local step structure to obtain the final contour line, and then the part of the final contour line, which lacks material, is filled in the three-dimensional modeling software along the direction perpendicular to the final contour line, and the final local structure is obtained.
As shown in fig. 8, in the concave filling method, when spline curves are constructed according to the external dimensions of the local step structure by three-dimensional modeling software, a plurality of continuous small steps are arranged on the local step structure, after the highest point of the first small step is connected with the highest point of the last small step to form a straight line, if the highest point of the middle step between the two is below the straight line, the spline curves to be fitted can be judged to be concave spline curves, then the highest point of the first step, the highest points of a plurality of steps which are sequentially and continuously adjacent in the middle and the highest point of the last step are connected by spline curve functions in the three-dimensional software to obtain a required spline curve, the obtained spline curve is connected with the contour of the local step structure to obtain a final contour line, and then the part of the final contour line, which is lack of materials, is stretched and filled along the direction perpendicular to the final contour line in the three-dimensional modeling software to obtain the final local structure after filling.
As shown in fig. 9, when a spline curve is constructed according to the external dimensions of a local step structure by using three-dimensional modeling software, a plurality of continuous small steps are arranged on the local step structure, when the highest point of the first small step is connected with the highest point of the last small step to form a straight line, if the highest point of the middle step between the two small steps is positioned on the straight line, the line segment to be fitted can be judged to be a straight line, then the highest point of the first step on the local step structure, the highest points of a plurality of steps which are sequentially and continuously adjacent in the middle and the highest point of the last step are connected by using spline curve function in the three-dimensional software to obtain a required straight line, the obtained straight line is connected with the contour of the local step structure to obtain a final contour line, and then the part of the final contour line, which lacks materials, is stretched and filled along the direction perpendicular to the final contour line in the three-dimensional software to obtain the final local structure after filling.
As shown in fig. 10, when the right-angle filling method is used to satisfy the convex spline curve discrimination method, the concave spline curve discrimination method or the straight line discrimination method, the rectangular parallelepiped structure is obtained by filling the partial stair structure with the right-angle filling method, the rectangular parallelepiped structure retains the maximum external dimension of the partial stair structure, namely the length, width and height of the partial stair structure, and the rectangular parallelepiped structure with the same length, width and height is obtained by adopting the method of modeling in the same proportion according to the external dimension of the partial stair structure, and the filled part of the rectangular parallelepiped structure is the volume obtained by subtracting the original convex filling, the concave filling or the straight line filling from the volume of the rectangular parallelepiped.
Specifically, the right-angle filling method comprises the steps of connecting the highest point on the first step on the local step structure, the highest point on a plurality of steps with the middle sequentially and continuously adjacent to each other and the highest point on the last step by using spline curve functions in three-dimensional software to obtain a required convex spline curve, a required concave spline curve or a required straight line, connecting the obtained convex spline curve, the obtained concave spline curve or the obtained straight line with a local step structure outline to obtain a matrix outline, stretching and filling a part, which lacks materials, in the matrix outline in the three-dimensional software along the direction perpendicular to the matrix outline, so as to obtain a filled local structure matrix, and constructing a long-width sketch or a long-width sketch according to the length-width height of the local structure matrix; the length-width sketch and the constructed convex spline curve, concave spline curve or straight line form a closed graph, and the closed graph is used as a stretching contour to stretch the height of the local structure matrix in three-dimensional software; enclosing the high sketch and the constructed convex spline curve, concave spline curve or straight line to form a closed graph, and stretching the width of the local structure matrix in three-dimensional software by taking the closed graph as a stretching contour; the wide-high sketch and the constructed convex spline curve, concave spline curve or straight line form a closed graph, and the closed graph is taken as a stretching contour to stretch the length of the local structure matrix in three-dimensional software; and thus the final local structure after filling.
Thus, according to the above three criteria and four filling modes, a redesigned gantry 1 as in fig. 12 is designed, the redesigned gantry 1 being composed of a plurality of smooth thick steel plates compared to a direct topologically optimized gantry 1. Through experimental and weight measurements, the maximum displacement of the redesigned gantry 1 (about 95 um) was reduced by about 40% relative to the maximum displacement of the original gantry 1 (about 160 um), and the weight of the redesigned gantry 1 (about 208.3 g) was reduced by about 26.4% relative to the maximum displacement of the original gantry 1 (about 153.3 g).
In summary, in the mechanical press body structure optimization design method, by establishing the filling design criterion of the topological optimized local structure, the good manufacturability and high rigidity design of the frame 1 can be realized, and the requirements of low-cost manufacture and high precision are met.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the same, but rather, various modifications and variations may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (7)
1. The machine body structure optimization design method of the mechanical press is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, extracting an original three-dimensional model of a machine frame of a mechanical press, and cleaning a micro structure of the original three-dimensional model of the machine frame;
s2, carrying out statics analysis on a connecting rod structure of the mechanical press to obtain a stress value on the frame at the hinge position of the connecting rod structure and the frame;
s3, taking the stress value on the frame as a stress boundary condition, and carrying out finite element statics analysis on the frame to obtain deformation parameters of the frame;
s4, filling the original three-dimensional model of the rack to establish an optimization space, establishing a topological optimization model of the rack by taking deformation parameters of the rack as constraint conditions, and performing topological optimization on the topological optimization model of the rack;
s5, extracting each local ladder structure characteristic of the rack according to the topological optimization result of the rack; filling design is carried out on the frame by a convex spline curve judging method, a concave spline curve judging method and a straight line judging method in combination with a convex filling method, a concave filling method, a straight line filling method and a right angle filling method; in step S5, the following steps are included:
Extracting the converged topological-optimized three-dimensional model of the rack, and carrying out filling design on the rack by combining the convex filling method, the concave filling method, the linear filling method and the right-angle filling method through the convex spline curve distinguishing method, the concave spline curve distinguishing method and the linear distinguishing method according to the local ladder structure characteristics on the machine body of the rack; wherein:
in the convex filling method, the convex spline curve fitting discrimination conditions are as follows:
wherein a is 1 A is the abscissa of the highest point on the first step in the partial step structure in three-dimensional space 2 A is the abscissa of the highest point on the second step adjacent to the first step in the partial step structure 3 An abscissa of a highest point on a third step adjacent to the second step in the partial step structure in a three-dimensional space; l (L) 2 L is the ordinate of the highest point on the second step relative to the highest point on the first step in the partial step structure in three-dimensional space 3 An ordinate in three-dimensional space of a highest point on a third step in the partial step structure relative to a highest point on a second step;
The convex spline curve fitting is carried out in three-dimensional software of the existing spline curve fitting, contour curves of the local step structures on the machine body of the machine frame are designed after fitting is completed, and filling modeling is carried out on the local step structures on the machine body of the machine frame according to the contour curves;
in the concave filling method, concave spline curve fitting discrimination conditions are as follows:
wherein a is 1 A is the abscissa of the highest point on the first step in the partial step structure in three-dimensional space 2 A is the abscissa of the highest point on the second step adjacent to the first step in the partial step structure 3 An abscissa of a highest point on a third step adjacent to the second step in the partial step structure in a three-dimensional space; l (L) 2 L is the ordinate of the highest point on the second step relative to the highest point on the first step in the partial step structure in three-dimensional space 3 An ordinate in three-dimensional space of a highest point of a third step in the partial step structure relative to a highest point on a second step;
the concave spline curve fitting is carried out in three-dimensional software of the existing spline curve fitting, contour curves of the local step structures on the machine body of the machine frame are designed after fitting is completed, and filling modeling is carried out on the local step structures on the machine body of the machine frame according to the contour curves;
In the linear filling method, the primary linear fitting discrimination conditions are as follows:
wherein a is 1 A is the abscissa of the highest point on the first step in the partial step structure in three-dimensional space 2 A is the abscissa of the highest point on the second step adjacent to the first step in the partial step structure 3 An abscissa of a highest point on a third step adjacent to the second step in the partial step structure in a three-dimensional space; l (L) 2 For the local stepThe ordinate in three dimensions of the highest point on the second step in the ladder structure relative to the highest point on the first step, L 3 An ordinate in three-dimensional space of a highest point of a third step in the partial step structure relative to a highest point on a second step;
the primary straight line fitting is carried out in three-dimensional software of existing spline curve fitting, after fitting is completed, contour curves of the local step structures on the machine body of the machine frame are designed, and filling modeling is carried out on the local step structures on the machine body of the machine frame according to the contour curves;
in the right angle filling method, right angle shape fitting discrimination conditions are as follows: meets any one of the following discrimination conditions:
Or (b)
Or (b)
Wherein a is 1 A is the abscissa of the highest point on the first step in the partial step structure in three-dimensional space 2 A is the abscissa of the highest point on the second step adjacent to the first step in the partial step structure 3 An abscissa of a highest point on a third step adjacent to the second step in the partial step structure in a three-dimensional space; l (L) 2 L is the ordinate of the highest point on the second step relative to the highest point on the first step in the partial step structure in three-dimensional space 3 An ordinate in three-dimensional space of a highest point of a third step in the partial step structure relative to a highest point on a second step;
the right-angle shape fitting is performed in three-dimensional software of existing spline curve fitting, contour curves of the local step structures on the machine body of the machine frame are designed after fitting is completed, and filling modeling is performed on the local step structures on the machine body of the machine frame according to the contour curves; and after filling all the partial ladder structures, finally obtaining the whole structure of the filled rack.
2. The method for optimizing the design of the machine body structure of the mechanical press according to claim 1, comprising the following steps in step S1:
Extracting an original three-dimensional model of the mechanical press frame for production and manufacture from an assembly body, and removing the micro structure on each steel plate on the frame, wherein the micro structure comprises a small round hole structure and a chamfer structure.
3. The method for optimizing the design of the machine body structure of the mechanical press according to claim 1, characterized in that in step S2, it comprises the steps of:
independently extracting a transmission rod system in the connecting rod structure, and establishing a static equilibrium equation of the bottom dead center of a transmission rod in the transmission rod system; and taking the maximum nominal force and the rod clamping angle in the hydrostatic balance equation as known conditions, and solving the stress value on the frame at the hinge position of the connecting rod structure and the frame.
4. The method for optimizing the design of the machine body structure of the mechanical press according to claim 1, characterized in that in step S3, it comprises the steps of:
importing the original three-dimensional model of the frame into finite element software and performing grid division, taking the stress value obtained by solving in the step S2 as a stress boundary condition of statics analysis to establish the finite element model of the frame, and calculating displacement parameters of the extracted feature points; the displacement parameters of the characteristic points comprise the displacement value of the hinging point on the frame in the vertical direction, the displacement value of the guide rail contacted with the sliding block on the frame in the horizontal direction and the displacement value of the lower base in the vertical direction.
5. The method for optimizing the design of the machine body structure of the mechanical press according to claim 1, comprising the following steps in step S4:
the frame formed by welding a plurality of steel plates is subjected to re-modeling, and an integral three-dimensional model of the frame is obtained; filling the cavity part in the whole frame three-dimensional model with the same material as the frame, and establishing a topological optimization model of the frame by taking the characteristic point displacement parameters extracted in the step S3 as constraint conditions, taking the unit density as a variable and the most volume percentage as an objective function; the expression equation of the topological optimization model of the rack is as follows:
design variable: ρ e ，0≤ρ min ≤ρ e ≤1
Optimization target:
constraint conditions: k (k) e ＝(ρ e ) p k 0
d 1z ≤D 1z ，d 2z ≤D 2z ，d 3x ≤D 3x ，d 4x ≤D 4x ；
Wherein ρ is e Is the relative density of unit e ρ min Is the minimum of the relative density of the units, delta represents the volume fraction, V is the volume of the frame before optimization, V 0 The volumes of the frames after the optimization are respectively optimized, N represents the total unit number, v e Represents the e-th unit volume, k e And k 0 Respectively representing the e-th unit rigidity and the original material rigidity, p is a punishment factor, D 1z For the maximum displacement value of the hinge point on the frame in the vertical direction, D 2z For the maximum displacement value of the hinge point on the frame in the vertical direction, D 3x The displacement value D of the left part of the guide rail which is contacted with the sliding block on the frame in the horizontal direction 4x For the frame and the placeThe right part of the guide rail contacted by the sliding block is horizontal.
6. The mechanical press fuselage structure optimization design method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step S5, the local stair structure is a stair-step-shaped structure composed of remaining continuous units that occurs in the frame topology optimization result due to the continuous removal of a single unit or a plurality of units in the frame topology optimization process, and the features of the local stair structure include the overall external dimensions of the local stair structure, the external dimensions of the individual small stair structures that compose the local stair structure.
7. The machine body structure optimization design method of the mechanical press according to claim 1, wherein in the step S5, when spline curve construction is performed according to the external dimensions of the local step structure by three-dimensional modeling software, a plurality of continuous small steps are formed on the local step structure, when the highest point on the first small step and the highest point on the last small step are connected into a straight line, if the highest point on the middle step between the two is above the straight line, the spline curve to be fitted is judged to be a convex spline curve, then the highest point on the first step, the highest point on the middle step and the highest point on the last step which are sequentially and continuously adjacent are connected by using spline curve functions in the three-dimensional software to obtain a required spline curve, the obtained spline curve is connected with the initial contour line of the local step structure to obtain a final contour line, and then the final contour line is obtained after the final contour line is stretched in the three-dimensional modeling software along the direction of the partial contour line, so as to obtain a final filling structure; the concave filling method comprises the steps that when spline curve construction is carried out according to the outline dimension of a local step structure through three-dimensional modeling software, a plurality of continuous small steps are arranged on the local step structure, after the highest point of the first small step is connected with the highest point of the last small step to form a straight line, if the highest point of the middle step between the two is below the straight line, the spline curve to be fitted can be judged to be a concave spline curve, then the highest point of the first step on the local step structure, the highest points of a plurality of steps which are sequentially and continuously adjacent in the middle and the highest point of the last step are connected through spline curve functions in the three-dimensional software, the obtained spline curve is connected with the contour of the local step structure, a final contour line is obtained, and then the part of the final contour line, which is lack of materials, is stretched and filled in the direction perpendicular to the final contour line is obtained in the three-dimensional modeling software, and the final local structure after filling is obtained; the method comprises the steps that when spline curve construction is carried out according to the outline dimension of a local step structure through three-dimensional modeling software, a plurality of continuous small steps are arranged on the local step structure, after the highest point of the first small step and the highest point of the last small step are connected to form a straight line, if the highest point of the middle step between the two is positioned on the straight line, a line segment to be fitted can be judged to be a straight line, then the highest point of the first step on the local step structure, the highest points of a plurality of steps which are sequentially and continuously adjacent in the middle and the highest point of the last step are connected through spline curve function in three-dimensional software, the obtained straight line is connected with the contour of the local step structure, a final contour line is obtained, and then the part of the final contour line, which is lack of materials, is stretched and filled along the direction perpendicular to the final contour line, in the three-dimensional software, and the final local structure after filling is obtained; when the right-angle filling method is used for meeting the requirements of the convex spline curve distinguishing method, the concave spline curve distinguishing method or the straight line distinguishing method, the highest point on the first step, the highest point on a plurality of steps which are sequentially and continuously adjacent in the middle and the highest point on the last step on the local step structure are connected through spline curve functions in three-dimensional software to obtain a required convex spline curve, a required concave spline curve or a required straight line, the obtained convex spline curve, the obtained concave spline curve or the obtained straight line is connected with the local step structure outline to obtain a matrix outline, and then the part, which lacks materials, of the matrix outline is stretched and filled in the direction perpendicular to the matrix outline in three-dimensional software to obtain a local structure matrix after filling, and a long-wide sketch or a long-high sketch or a wide-high sketch is constructed according to the length-width height of the local structure matrix; the length-width sketch and the constructed convex spline curve, concave spline curve or straight line form a closed graph, and the height of the local structure matrix is stretched in three-dimensional software by taking the closed graph as a stretching contour; the long high sketch and the constructed convex spline curve, concave spline curve or straight line form a closed graph, and the width of the local structure matrix is stretched in three-dimensional software by taking the closed graph as a stretching contour; the wide-height sketch and the constructed convex spline curve, concave spline curve or straight line form a closed graph, and the length of the local structure matrix is stretched in three-dimensional software by taking the closed graph as a stretching contour; and thus the final local structure after filling.
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