CN113688473A - Optimized design method for machine body structure of mechanical press - Google Patents
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Abstract
The application provides a mechanical press machine body structure optimization design method, which comprises the following steps: s1, extracting a three-dimensional model of the rack; s2, carrying out statics analysis on the connecting rod structure to obtain the stress on the rack at the hinged position of the connecting rod and the rack; s3, carrying out finite element statics analysis on the rack according to the stress of the hinged part as a stress boundary condition to obtain a rack deformation parameter; s4, filling the original rack to establish an optimization space, and establishing a topology optimization model of the rack by using the rack deformation parameters as one of constraint conditions to perform topology optimization; and S5, extracting local ladder features, and performing filling design on the rack by using three discrimination methods and four filling methods. The method realizes the good manufacturability and high rigidity design of the frame, and meets the requirements of low-cost manufacture and high precision.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of machinery, in particular to a machine body structure optimization design method of a mechanical press.
Background
Mechanical presses are one of the most important classes of machine tools for carrying out forging and stamping processes, and the demand for high precision parts in recent years has made the forming precision of servo-mechanical presses a great challenge.
During operation, the forming load is ultimately applied to the frame, which is the main load-bearing component of the press, causing it to deform, which affects the accuracy of the forming of the parts. Therefore, high rigidity of the frame is a prerequisite for satisfying high-precision forming. The traditional design process of the frame structure of the press machine depends heavily on the design experience of designers, and even if the rigidity of the designed frame meets the requirement, the size of the frame is large and the material utilization rate is low; if the designer designs a complex structure according to an advanced structure design method, such as topology optimization, the designed complex structure is difficult to be processed and manufactured.
Therefore, how to design a mechanical press frame with high rigidity and light weight and manufacturability by using an advanced design method is a technical problem which needs to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the purposes of the present application is to provide a method for optimally designing a machine body structure of a mechanical press, which aims to solve the problem of poor design effect of the existing machine frame of the mechanical press.
The technical scheme of the application is as follows:
a method for optimally designing a machine body structure of a mechanical press comprises the following steps:
s1, extracting an original three-dimensional model of the mechanical press frame, and cleaning a micro structure of the original three-dimensional model of the frame;
s2, carrying out statics analysis on a connecting rod structure of the mechanical press to obtain a stress value on the rack at the hinged position of the connecting rod structure and the rack;
s3, taking the stress value on the rack as a stress boundary condition, and carrying out finite element statics analysis on the rack to obtain a deformation parameter of the rack;
s4, filling the original three-dimensional model of the rack to establish an optimization space, establishing a topological optimization model of the rack by taking the deformation parameters of the rack as constraint conditions, and performing topological optimization on the topological optimization model of the rack;
s5, extracting each local ladder structure feature of the rack according to the topological optimization result of the rack; and performing filling design on the rack by a convex spline curve distinguishing method, a concave spline curve distinguishing method and a straight line distinguishing method and combining a convex filling method, a concave filling method, a straight line filling method and a right-angle filling method.
As one technical solution of the present application, step S1 includes the steps of:
and extracting the original three-dimensional model of the mechanical press frame for production and manufacture from the assembly body, and removing the micro structures on each steel plate on the frame, wherein the micro structures comprise small round hole structures and chamfer structures.
As one technical solution of the present application, step S2 includes the steps of:
the transmission rod system in the connecting rod structure is extracted independently, and a static equilibrium equation of the bottom dead center of the transmission rod in the transmission rod system is established; and solving the stress value on the rack at the hinged position of the connecting rod structure and the rack by using the maximum nominal force and the rod included angle in the static equilibrium equation as known conditions.
As one technical solution of the present application, step S3 includes the steps of:
importing the original three-dimensional model of the rack into finite element software, carrying out grid division, establishing a finite element model of the rack by taking the stress value obtained in the step S2 as a stress boundary condition of static analysis, and calculating and extracting displacement parameters of characteristic points; the displacement parameters of the characteristic points comprise displacement values of a hinge point on the rack in the vertical direction, displacement values of a guide rail on the rack, which is in contact with the sliding block, in the horizontal direction, and displacement values of the lower base in the vertical direction.
As one technical solution of the present application, step S4 includes the steps of:
re-modeling the rack formed by welding a plurality of steel plates to obtain an integral rack three-dimensional model; filling the cavity part in the integral rack three-dimensional model with the same material as the rack, and establishing a topological optimization model of the rack by taking the characteristic point displacement parameters extracted in the step S3 as constraint conditions, taking the unit density as a variable and taking the maximum volume percentage as an objective function; the expression equation of the topological optimization model of the rack is as follows:
designing variables: rhoe，0≤ρmin≤ρe≤1
Optimizing the target:
constraint conditions are as follows: k is a radical ofe＝(ρe)pk0
d1z≤D1z，d2z≤D2z，d3x≤D3x，d4x≤D4x；
Where ρ iseIs the relative density of the element e, pminIs the minimum value of the relative density of the cells, Δ represents the volume fraction, V is the volume of the gantry before optimization, V0The volume of the rack after respective optimization, N represents the total number of units, veRepresents the e-th unit volume, keAnd k0Respectively representing the e unit stiffness and the original material stiffness, p is a penalty factor, D1zIs the maximum displacement value of the hinged point on the frame in the vertical direction, D2zIs the maximum displacement value of the hinged point on the frame in the vertical direction, D3xThe displacement value of the left part of the guide rail on the frame, which is in contact with the slide block, in the horizontal direction, D4xThe value of the right part of the guide rail which is contacted with the sliding block on the rack in the horizontal direction is shown.
As a technical solution of the present application, in step S5, the local step structure is a structure in a step shape formed by remaining continuous units, which appears in the rack topology optimization result due to the continuous removal of a single unit or a plurality of units in the rack topology optimization process, and the characteristic of the local step structure includes the overall external dimension of the local step structure, the external dimension of each small step structure of the local step structure.
As one technical solution of the present application, step S5 includes the steps of:
extracting the converged topology-optimized rack three-dimensional model, and performing filling design on the rack according to each local step structure characteristic on the body of the rack by the convex spline curve discrimination method, the concave spline curve discrimination method and the straight line discrimination method in combination with the convex filling method, the concave filling method, the straight line filling method and the right-angle filling method; wherein:
in the convex filling method, the convex bar curve fitting discrimination condition is as follows:
wherein, a1Is the abscissa, a, of the highest point on the first step in the local step structure in three-dimensional space2Is the abscissa of the highest point on a second step adjacent to the first step in the partial step structure, a3The abscissa of the highest point on a third step adjacent to the second step in the local step structure in a three-dimensional space is taken as the coordinate; l is2Is the ordinate, L, of the highest point on the second step in the local step structure relative to the highest point on the first step in the three-dimensional space3The vertical coordinate of the highest point on the third step in the local step structure relative to the highest point on the second step in the three-dimensional space is shown;
the convex strip curve fitting is carried out in three-dimensional software with spline curve fitting, after the fitting is finished, the contour curve of each local step structure on the machine body of the rack is designed, and each local step structure on the machine body of the rack is filled and modeled according to the contour curve;
in the concave filling method, the concave spline curve fitting discrimination condition is as follows:
wherein, a1Is the abscissa, a, of the highest point on the first step in the local step structure in three-dimensional space2Is the abscissa of the highest point on a second step adjacent to the first step in the partial step structure, a3The abscissa of the highest point on a third step adjacent to the second step in the local step structure in a three-dimensional space is taken as the coordinate; l is2Is the ordinate, L, of the highest point on the second step in the local step structure relative to the highest point on the first step in the three-dimensional space3The vertical coordinate of the highest point of a third step in the local step structure relative to the highest point on a second step in the three-dimensional space is shown;
the concave spline curve fitting is carried out in three-dimensional software with spline curve fitting, after the fitting is finished, the contour curve of each local step structure on the machine body of the rack is designed, and each local step structure on the machine body of the rack is filled and modeled according to the contour curve;
in the straight line filling method, the first straight line fitting discrimination condition is as follows:
wherein, a1Is the abscissa, a, of the highest point on the first step in the local step structure in three-dimensional space2Is the abscissa of the highest point on a second step adjacent to the first step in the partial step structure, a3The abscissa of the highest point on a third step adjacent to the second step in the local step structure in a three-dimensional space is taken as the coordinate; l is2The highest point on the second step in the local step structure is vertical in three-dimensional space relative to the highest point on the first stepCoordinate, L3The vertical coordinate of the highest point of a third step in the local step structure relative to the highest point on a second step in the three-dimensional space is shown;
the first linear fitting is carried out in three-dimensional software with spline curve fitting, after the fitting is finished, the contour curve of each local step structure on the machine body of the rack is designed, and each local step structure on the machine body of the rack is filled and modeled according to the contour curve;
in the right-angle filling method, the right-angle shape fitting discrimination conditions are as follows: any one of the following discrimination conditions is satisfied:
Wherein, a1Is the abscissa, a, of the highest point on the first step in the local step structure in three-dimensional space2Is the abscissa of the highest point on a second step adjacent to the first step in the partial step structure, a3The abscissa of the highest point on a third step adjacent to the second step in the local step structure in a three-dimensional space is taken as the coordinate; l is2Is the ordinate, L, of the highest point on the second step in the local step structure relative to the highest point on the first step in the three-dimensional space3The vertical coordinate of the highest point of a third step in the local step structure relative to the highest point on a second step in the three-dimensional space is shown;
the right-angle shape fitting is carried out in three-dimensional software with spline curve fitting, after the fitting is finished, the contour curve of each local step structure on the machine body of the rack is designed, and each local step structure on the machine body of the rack is filled and modeled according to the contour curve; and finally obtaining the whole structure of the filled rack after all the local step structures are filled.
As a technical solution of the present application, in step S5, when a spline curve is constructed by using three-dimensional modeling software according to the external dimensions of the local step structure, the local step structure has a plurality of continuous small steps, after a highest point on a first small step and a highest point on a last small step are connected to form a straight line, if a highest point on an intermediate step between the two points is located above the straight line, it is determined that the spline curve to be fitted is a convex spline curve, and then the highest point on the first step, the highest points on a plurality of steps sequentially and continuously adjoining in the middle, and the highest point on the last step on the local step structure are connected by using a spline curve function in the three-dimensional software to obtain a plurality of required spline curves, and the obtained spline curves are connected with an initial contour line of the local step structure, obtaining a final contour line, and then stretching and filling the material-lacking part in the final contour line along the direction vertical to the final contour line in three-dimensional modeling software to further obtain a final local structure after filling; the concave filling method is that when spline curve construction is carried out through three-dimensional modeling software according to the external dimension of the local stepped structure, a plurality of continuous small steps are arranged on the local stepped structure, after the highest point of the first small step and the highest point on the last small step are connected into a straight line, if the highest point on the middle step between the first small step and the last small step is below the straight line, the spline curve to be fitted is judged to be a concave spline curve, then the highest point on the first step, the highest points on a plurality of steps which are sequentially and continuously adjacent in the middle and the highest point on the last step on the local stepped structure are connected by utilizing the spline curve function in the three-dimensional software to obtain the required spline curve, and the obtained spline curve is connected with the outline of the local stepped structure to obtain a final contour line, then stretching and filling the part which lacks materials in the final contour line along the direction vertical to the final contour line in three-dimensional modeling software so as to obtain a final local structure after filling; the straight line filling method comprises the steps of constructing a spline curve according to the external dimension of the local stepped structure through three-dimensional modeling software, wherein the local stepped structure is provided with a plurality of continuous small steps, judging a line segment to be fitted to be a straight line if the highest point on the middle step between the highest point on the first small step and the highest point on the last small step is positioned on the straight line after the highest point of the first small step and the highest point of the last small step are connected into the straight line, connecting the highest point on the first step, the highest points on the plurality of steps sequentially and continuously adjoined in the middle on the local stepped structure and the highest point on the last step by using the spline curve function in the three-dimensional software to obtain the required straight line, connecting the obtained straight line with the contour of the local stepped structure to obtain a final contour line, and connecting the part, which lacks materials, in the final contour line in the three-dimensional software along the direction perpendicular to the final contour line Stretching and filling in the direction of the first and second partial structures to obtain a final partial structure after filling; when the right-angle filling method meets the convex spline curve discrimination method, the concave spline curve discrimination method or the straight line discrimination method, connecting the highest point on the first step, the highest points on a plurality of steps sequentially and continuously adjacent in the middle and the highest point on the last step on the local step structure by using a spline curve function in three-dimensional software to obtain a required convex spline curve, a required concave spline curve or a required straight line, connecting the obtained convex spline curve, concave spline curve or straight line with the local step structure outline to obtain a base body outline line, stretching and filling the part which lacks materials in the base body outline line in the three-dimensional software along the direction vertical to the base body outline line to further obtain a filled local structure base body, constructing a length-width sketch map or a length-height sketch map or a width-height sketch map according to the length, the width and the height of the local structural matrix; the long and wide sketch and the constructed convex spline curve, concave spline curve or straight line form a closed graph in a surrounding mode, and the closed graph is used as a stretching contour to stretch the height of the local structure matrix in three-dimensional software; the long and high sketch and the constructed convex spline curve, concave spline curve or straight line form a closed graph in a surrounding mode, and the closed graph is used as a stretching contour to stretch the width of the local structure matrix in three-dimensional software; the wide-height sketch and the constructed convex spline curve, concave spline curve or straight line form a closed graph in a surrounding mode, and the closed graph is used as a stretching contour to stretch the length of the local structure matrix in three-dimensional software; thereby obtaining the final partial structure after filling.
The beneficial effect of this application:
according to the optimized design method for the machine body structure of the mechanical press, the filling design criterion of the local structure after topological optimization is established, the good manufacturability and high rigidity design of the frame can be realized, the requirements of low-cost manufacture and high precision are met, meanwhile, the rigidity design of the frame is directly realized by the method, the subsequent size optimization and shape optimization design period can be shortened, and the optimized design method can be widely applied to the optimized design of the machine body structure of the press.
Drawings
In order to more clearly explain the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and that for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for optimally designing a machine body structure of a mechanical press according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an original three-dimensional model of a gantry according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional model of a rack after being modeled again according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional model of a rack after filling according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a stress analysis of a connecting rod structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional model of a rack after topology optimization according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of a convex filling method provided by an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a concave filling method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a linear filling method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a right angle filling method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional model of a topology-optimized rack after being populated according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 12 is a simplified schematic diagram of a ladder structure and coordinates according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Icon: 1-a frame; 2-a slide block; 3-a lower base; 4-bottom dead center.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application, generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, can be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application, presented in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", and the like refer to orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships that the products of the present invention are conventionally placed in use, and are used for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application.
Further, in the present application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature may be directly contacting the second feature or may be directly contacting the second feature, or the first and second features may be contacted with each other through another feature therebetween, not directly contacting the second feature. Also, the first feature being above, on or above the second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or merely means that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature that underlies, and underlies a second feature includes a first feature that is directly under and obliquely under a second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a lesser level than the second feature.
Furthermore, the terms "horizontal", "vertical" and the like do not imply that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or pendant, but rather may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" merely means that the direction is more horizontal than "vertical" and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the present application, it is also to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood in a specific case by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Example (b):
referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2 to 12, the present application provides a method for optimally designing a machine body structure of a mechanical press, which is described with reference to a 2500KN mechanical servo press frame 1 as an example; the design method mainly comprises the following steps:
s1, extracting an original three-dimensional model of the mechanical press frame 1, and cleaning a micro structure of the original three-dimensional model of the frame 1;
s2, carrying out statics analysis on the connecting rod structure of the mechanical press to obtain a stress value on the rack 1 at the hinged position of the connecting rod structure and the rack 1;
s3, taking the stress value on the rack 1 as a stress boundary condition, and carrying out finite element statics analysis on the rack 1 to obtain a deformation parameter of the rack 1;
s4, filling the original three-dimensional model of the rack 1 to establish an optimization space, establishing a topological optimization model of the rack 1 by taking the deformation parameters of the rack 1 as constraint conditions, and performing topological optimization on the topological optimization model of the rack 1;
s5, extracting each local ladder structure characteristic of the rack 1 according to the topology optimization result of the rack 1; and performing filling design on the rack 1 by a convex spline curve distinguishing method, a concave spline curve distinguishing method and a straight line distinguishing method and combining a convex filling method, a concave filling method, a straight line filling method and a right-angle filling method.
Further, in step S1, the original three-dimensional model of the mechanical press frame 1 for manufacturing is extracted from the assembly body, and the minute structures on each steel plate on the frame 1, including the features of small round hole structure, chamfer structure, etc., are removed.
For example, as shown in fig. 2 to 4, a three-dimensional model of a frame 1 (having a length, width and height of 3420mm × 3420mm × 4405mm) of a mechanical press (having a nominal pressure of 2500KN) for manufacturing is extracted from an assembly, the frame 1 is composed of a plurality of thick steel plates, minute structures which do not affect the overall structural size and performance of the frame 1, such as small round holes, chamfers, oil passages and the like on each thick steel plate, are removed, and the three-dimensional model is obtained according to the size 1: 1, establishing an integral model of a frame 1.
Meanwhile, in step S2, the drive link system in the link structure is extracted separately, and a static equilibrium equation of the bottom dead center 4 of the drive link in the drive link system is established; and solving the stress value on the rack 1 at the hinged position of the connecting rod structure and the rack 1 by using the maximum nominal force and the rod included angle in the static equilibrium equation as known conditions.
For example, as shown in fig. 5, the drive link system of the link structure is first extracted separately, which is disposed on the lower base 3. Wherein, AB is last toggle link, and BC is the connecting rod, and BD is lower toggle link, goes up toggle link AB, connecting rod BC, lower toggle link BD three and articulates in hinge B department, and the one end of going up toggle link AB articulates in A department with frame 1, and the one end of lower toggle link BD articulates in D department with slider 2, and the one end of connecting rod BC articulates in C department with the slider on the screw rod, and slider 2 and frame 1 contact and in the inside slidable of frame 1. A static equilibrium equation of the bottom dead center 4 of the transmission rod piece is established, the maximum nominal force, the rod included angle and the like are used as known conditions to solve the stress on the rack 1 at the hinged position of the connecting rod and the rack 1, and the stress is shown in the table 1.
TABLE 1 magnitude of the respective component forces (KN)
| Component force | FM | FAX | FAY | FCY |
| Size and breadth | 2500 | 296 | 1030 | 45 |
In Table 1, FMRepresenting the magnitude of the nominal force, FAXRepresenting the magnitude of the horizontal force, F, experienced by the hinge A on the frame 1AYRepresenting the magnitude of the vertical force, F, experienced by the hinge A on the frame 1CYRepresenting the amount of vertical force received at the top of the frame 1.
Further, in step S3, importing the original three-dimensional model of the rack 1 into finite element software, performing mesh division, establishing the finite element model of the rack 1 by using the stress value obtained in step S2 as a stress boundary condition for static analysis, and extracting displacement parameters of feature points through calculation, wherein the displacement parameters of the feature points include a displacement value of a hinge point on the rack 1 in the vertical direction, a displacement value of a guide rail on the rack 1, which is in contact with the slider 2, in the horizontal direction, and a displacement value of the lower base 3 in the vertical direction; thereby, for example, the displacement of the hinge point A in FIG. 5 in the vertical direction is 0.3745mm, and the displacement of the contact part of the frame 1 and the slider 2 in the X-axis direction is 0.1179 mm.
In step S4, the original cavity housing frame 1 formed by welding a plurality of thick steel plates is modeled again to obtain an integral three-dimensional model of the frame 1; filling the cavity part in the three-dimensional model of the whole rack 1 with the same material as that of the rack 1 without changing the size and shape of the assembly part on the rack 1; establishing a topological optimization model of the rack 1 by taking the characteristic point displacement parameters extracted in the step S3 as main constraint conditions, taking the unit density as a variable and taking the maximum volume percentage as an objective function; the expression equation of the topology optimization model of the rack 1 is as follows:
designing variables: rhoe，0≤ρmin≤ρe≤1
Optimizing the target:
constraint conditions are as follows: k is a radical ofe＝(ρe)pk0
d1z≤D1z，d2z≤D2z，d3x≤D3x，d4x≤D4x；
Where ρ iseIs the relative density of the element e, pminIs the minimum value of the relative density of the cells, Δ represents the volume fraction, V is the volume of the gantry 1 before optimization, V0The volume of the gantry 1 after respective optimization, N represents the total number of units, veRepresents the e-th unit volume, keAnd k0Respectively representing the e unit stiffness and the original material stiffness, p is a penalty factor, D1zIs the maximum displacement value of the hinge point on the frame 1 in the vertical direction, D2zIs the maximum displacement value of the hinge point on the frame 1 in the vertical direction, D3xThe displacement value of the left part of the guide rail on the frame 1, which is in contact with the slide block 2, in the horizontal direction, D4xThe value of the right part of the guide rail on the frame 1, which is in contact with the slide block 2, in the horizontal direction.
It should be noted that, in step S5, the local step structure is a structure in a step shape formed by remaining continuous units, which appears in the rack 1 topology optimization result due to the continuous removal of a single unit or a plurality of units in the rack 1 topology optimization process, and the characteristics of the local step structure include the overall external dimensions of the local step structure and the external dimensions of each small step structure forming the local step structure.
Meanwhile, in step S5, as shown in fig. 6 to 12, a converged topology-optimized three-dimensional model of the rack 1 is extracted, and the rack 1 is subjected to filling design by a convex strip curve discrimination method, a concave spline curve discrimination method and a straight line discrimination method in combination with a convex filling method, a concave filling method, a straight line filling method and a right-angle filling method according to each local step structure feature on the body of the rack 1; the idealized staircase structure and coordinates thereof are shown in fig. 12; wherein:
in the convex filling method, the convex bar curve fitting discrimination condition is as follows:
wherein, a1Is the abscissa, a, of the highest point on the first step in the local step structure in three-dimensional space2The abscissa of the highest point on a second step adjacent to the first step in the partial step structure, a3The abscissa of the highest point on a third step adjacent to the second step in the local step structure in the three-dimensional space is shown; l is2Is the ordinate, L, of the highest point on the second step in the local step structure relative to the highest point on the first step in the three-dimensional space3The vertical coordinate of the highest point on the third step in the local step structure relative to the highest point on the second step in the three-dimensional space is shown;
the convex strip curve fitting is directly carried out in three-dimensional software of the existing spline curve fitting, after the fitting is finished, the contour curve of each local step structure on the machine body of the rack 1 is designed, and each local step structure on the machine body of the rack 1 is filled and modeled according to the contour curve;
in the concave filling method, the concave spline curve fitting discrimination condition is as follows:
wherein, a1The abscissa, a, of the highest point in the first step in the partial step structure in three-dimensional space2The abscissa of the highest point on a second step adjacent to the first step in the partial step structure, a3The abscissa of the highest point on a third step adjacent to the second step in the local step structure in the three-dimensional space is shown; l is2Is the ordinate, L, of the highest point on the second step in the local step structure relative to the highest point on the first step in the three-dimensional space3The highest point of a third step in the partial step structure is opposite to that of a second stepThe ordinate of the highest point of (a) in three-dimensional space;
the concave spline curve fitting is directly carried out in three-dimensional software of the existing spline curve fitting, after the fitting is finished, the contour curve of each local step structure on the machine body of the rack 1 is designed, and each local step structure on the machine body of the rack 1 is filled and modeled according to the contour curve;
in the straight line filling method, the first straight line fitting discrimination condition is as follows:
wherein, a1The abscissa, a, of the highest point in the first step in the partial step structure in three-dimensional space2The abscissa of the highest point on a second step adjacent to the first step in the partial step structure, a3The abscissa of the highest point on a third step adjacent to the second step in the local step structure in the three-dimensional space is shown; l is2Is the ordinate, L, of the highest point on the second step in the local step structure relative to the highest point on the first step in the three-dimensional space3The vertical coordinate of the highest point of the third step in the local step structure relative to the highest point on the second step in the three-dimensional space;
the first linear fitting is directly carried out in three-dimensional software of the existing spline curve fitting, after the fitting is finished, the contour curve of each local step structure on the machine body of the rack 1 is designed, and each local step structure on the machine body of the rack 1 is filled and modeled according to the contour curve;
in the right-angle filling method, the right-angle shape fitting discrimination conditions are as follows: any one of the following discrimination conditions is satisfied:
Wherein, a1The abscissa, a, of the highest point in the first step in the partial step structure in three-dimensional space2The abscissa of the highest point on a second step adjacent to the first step in the partial step structure, a3The abscissa of the highest point on a third step adjacent to the second step in the local step structure in the three-dimensional space is shown; l is2Is the ordinate, L, of the highest point on the second step in the local step structure relative to the highest point on the first step in the three-dimensional space3The vertical coordinate of the highest point of the third step in the local step structure relative to the highest point on the second step in the three-dimensional space;
the right-angle shape fitting is directly carried out in three-dimensional software with spline curve fitting, after the fitting is finished, the contour curve of each local step structure on the machine body of the rack 1 is designed, and each local step structure on the machine body of the rack 1 is filled and modeled according to the contour curve; and when all the local step structures are filled, finally obtaining the whole structure of the filled rack 1.
Further, it should be noted that, in step S5, as shown in fig. 7, when the spline curve is constructed by the three-dimensional modeling software according to the external dimensions of the local stair structure, the local stair structure has a plurality of continuous small steps, after the highest point on the first small step and the highest point on the last small step are connected to form a straight line, if the highest point on the middle step between the two is above the straight line, it can be determined that the spline curve to be fitted is a convex spline curve, and then the highest point on the first step, the highest points on the plurality of steps sequentially and continuously adjacent in the middle, and the highest point on the last step on the local stair structure are connected by using the spline curve function in the three-dimensional software to obtain a plurality of required spline curves, and the obtained spline curves are connected with the initial contour line of the local stair structure, and then, stretching and filling the part which lacks materials in the final contour line along the direction vertical to the final contour line in three-dimensional modeling software, and further obtaining the final local structure after filling.
As shown in fig. 8, the concave filling method is to construct a spline curve according to the external dimension of the local step structure by using three-dimensional modeling software, the local step structure is provided with a plurality of continuous small steps, after the highest point of the first small step and the highest point of the last small step are connected into a straight line, if the highest point of the middle step between the first small step and the last small step is below the straight line, the spline curve to be fitted is judged to be a concave spline curve, then the highest point of the first step, the highest points of the plurality of steps which are sequentially and continuously adjacent in the middle and the highest point of the last step on the local step structure are connected by using the spline curve function in the three-dimensional software to obtain the required spline curve, and the obtained spline curve is connected with the contour of the local step structure to obtain the final contour line, and then stretching and filling the part which lacks the material in the final contour line along the direction vertical to the final contour line in the three-dimensional modeling software, and further obtaining the final local structure after filling.
As shown in fig. 9, the straight line filling method is to construct a spline curve according to the external dimensions of the local ladder structure by using three-dimensional modeling software, where the local ladder structure has a plurality of continuous small steps, after the highest point of the first small step and the highest point of the last small step are connected into a straight line, if the highest point of the middle step between the first small step and the last small step is on the straight line, it can be determined that the line segment to be fitted is a straight line, then the highest point of the first step, the highest points of the plurality of steps sequentially and continuously connected in the middle, and the highest point of the last step are connected by using the spline curve function in the three-dimensional software to obtain the required straight line, the obtained straight line is connected with the contour of the local ladder structure to obtain a final contour line, and then the material-lacking portion in the final contour line is stretched in the direction perpendicular to the final contour line in the three-dimensional software And filling to obtain the final local structure after filling.
As shown in fig. 10, when the right-angle filling method is a method satisfying the convex spline curve discrimination method, the concave spline curve discrimination method, or the straight line discrimination method, the right-angle filling method is used to perform filling design on the local stepped structure to obtain a rectangular parallelepiped structure, the rectangular parallelepiped structure retains the maximum external dimension of the local stepped structure, that is, the length, the width, and the height of the local stepped structure, and then the rectangular parallelepiped structure having the same length, width, and height is obtained by using a method of modeling in the same proportion according to the external dimension of the local stepped structure, and the filled portion of the rectangular parallelepiped structure is obtained by subtracting the volume obtained after the original convex filling, concave filling, or straight line filling from the volume of the rectangular parallelepiped.
Specifically, the right-angle filling method comprises the steps of connecting the highest point on the first step, the highest points on a plurality of steps sequentially and continuously adjacent in the middle and the highest point on the last step on the local step structure by using a spline curve function in three-dimensional software to obtain a required convex spline curve, concave spline curve or straight line, connecting the obtained convex spline curve, concave spline curve or straight line with the profile of the local step structure to obtain a base contour line, stretching and filling the part which is lack of materials in the base contour line in the three-dimensional software along the direction vertical to the base contour line to further obtain a filled local structure base, and constructing a long-wide sketch or a long-high sketch or a wide-high sketch according to the length, the width and the height of the local structure base; the long and wide sketch and the constructed convex spline curve, concave spline curve or straight line form a closed graph in a surrounding manner, and the closed graph is used as a stretching contour to stretch the height of the local structural matrix in the three-dimensional software; enclosing the long high sketch and the constructed convex spline curve, concave spline curve or straight line into a closed graph, and stretching the width of the local structural matrix in three-dimensional software by taking the closed graph as a stretching contour; enclosing a closed graph by the wide-height sketch and the constructed convex spline curve, concave spline curve or straight line, and stretching the length of the local structural matrix in three-dimensional software by taking the closed graph as a stretching contour; thereby obtaining the final partial structure after filling.
Therefore, according to the above three discrimination conditions and the four filling methods, the redesigned rack 1 as shown in fig. 12 is designed, and compared with the rack 1 directly optimized in topology, the redesigned rack 1 is composed of a plurality of smooth thick steel plates. Through experimental measurement and weight measurement, the maximum displacement of the redesigned frame 1 (about 95um) is reduced by about 40% relative to the maximum displacement of the original frame 1 (about 160um), and the weight of the redesigned frame 1 (about 208.3g) is reduced by about 26.4% relative to the maximum displacement of the original frame 1 (about 153.3 g).
In summary, in the method for optimally designing the mechanical press body structure, the filling design criterion of the local structure after the topological optimization is established, so that the frame 1 can be well manufactured and designed with high rigidity, the requirements of low-cost manufacture and high precision are met, and meanwhile, as the rigidity design of the frame 1 is directly realized by the method, the subsequent size optimization and shape optimization design period can be shortened, and the method can be widely applied to the optimal design of the press body structure.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. The method for optimally designing the machine body structure of the mechanical press is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, extracting an original three-dimensional model of the mechanical press frame, and cleaning a micro structure of the original three-dimensional model of the frame;
s2, carrying out statics analysis on a connecting rod structure of the mechanical press to obtain a stress value on the rack at the hinged position of the connecting rod structure and the rack;
s3, taking the stress value on the rack as a stress boundary condition, and carrying out finite element statics analysis on the rack to obtain a deformation parameter of the rack;
s4, filling the original three-dimensional model of the rack to establish an optimization space, establishing a topological optimization model of the rack by taking the deformation parameters of the rack as constraint conditions, and performing topological optimization on the topological optimization model of the rack;
s5, extracting each local ladder structure feature of the rack according to the topological optimization result of the rack; and performing filling design on the rack by a convex spline curve distinguishing method, a concave spline curve distinguishing method and a straight line distinguishing method and combining a convex filling method, a concave filling method, a straight line filling method and a right-angle filling method.
2. The method for optimally designing the mechanical press body structure according to the claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the method comprises the following steps:
and extracting the original three-dimensional model of the mechanical press frame for production and manufacture from the assembly body, and removing the micro structures on each steel plate on the frame, wherein the micro structures comprise small round hole structures and chamfer structures.
3. The method for optimally designing the mechanical press body structure according to the claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the method comprises the following steps:
the transmission rod system in the connecting rod structure is extracted independently, and a static equilibrium equation of the bottom dead center of the transmission rod in the transmission rod system is established; and solving the stress value on the rack at the hinged position of the connecting rod structure and the rack by using the maximum nominal force and the rod included angle in the static equilibrium equation as known conditions.
4. The method for optimally designing the mechanical press body structure according to the claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the method comprises the following steps:
importing the original three-dimensional model of the rack into finite element software, carrying out grid division, establishing a finite element model of the rack by taking the stress value obtained in the step S2 as a stress boundary condition of static analysis, and calculating and extracting displacement parameters of characteristic points; the displacement parameters of the characteristic points comprise displacement values of a hinge point on the rack in the vertical direction, displacement values of a guide rail on the rack, which is in contact with the sliding block, in the horizontal direction, and displacement values of the lower base in the vertical direction.
5. The method for optimally designing the mechanical press body structure according to the claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the method comprises the following steps:
re-modeling the rack formed by welding a plurality of steel plates to obtain an integral rack three-dimensional model; filling the cavity part in the integral rack three-dimensional model with the same material as the rack, and establishing a topological optimization model of the rack by taking the characteristic point displacement parameters extracted in the step S3 as constraint conditions, taking the unit density as a variable and taking the maximum volume percentage as an objective function; the expression equation of the topological optimization model of the rack is as follows:
designing variables: rhoe，0≤ρmin≤ρe≤1
Optimizing the target:
constraint conditions are as follows: k is a radical ofe＝(ρe)pk0
d1z≤D1z，d2z≤D2z，d3x≤D3x，d4x≤D4x；
Where ρ iseIs the relative density of the element e, pminIs the minimum value of the relative density of the cells, Δ represents the volume fraction, V is the volume of the gantry before optimization, V0The volume of the rack after respective optimization, N represents the total number of units, veRepresents the e-th unit volume, keAnd k0Respectively representing the e unit stiffness and the original material stiffness, and p is a penalty factorSub, D1zIs the maximum displacement value of the hinged point on the frame in the vertical direction, D2zIs the maximum displacement value of the hinged point on the frame in the vertical direction, D3xFor the horizontal displacement of the left part of the guide rail of the frame in contact with the slide, D4xThe value of the right part of the guide rail which is contacted with the sliding block on the rack in the horizontal direction is shown.
6. The method for optimally designing the mechanical press body structure according to claim 1, wherein in step S5, the local step structure is a step-shaped structure composed of remained continuous units, which is appeared in the frame topology optimization result due to the continuous removal of a single unit or a plurality of units in the frame topology optimization process, and the characteristics of the local step structure comprise the overall dimension of the local step structure and the dimension of each small step structure composing the local step structure.
7. The method for optimally designing the mechanical press body structure according to the claim 1, wherein in the step S5, the method comprises the following steps:
extracting the converged topology-optimized rack three-dimensional model, and performing filling design on the rack according to each local step structure characteristic on the body of the rack by the convex spline curve discrimination method, the concave spline curve discrimination method and the straight line discrimination method in combination with the convex filling method, the concave filling method, the straight line filling method and the right-angle filling method; wherein:
in the convex filling method, the convex bar curve fitting discrimination condition is as follows:
wherein, a1Is the abscissa, a, of the highest point on the first step in the local step structure in three-dimensional space2Is the abscissa of the highest point on a second step adjacent to the first step in the partial step structure, a3The abscissa of the highest point on a third step adjacent to the second step in the local step structure in a three-dimensional space is taken as the coordinate; l is2Is the ordinate, L, of the highest point on the second step in the local step structure relative to the highest point on the first step in the three-dimensional space3The vertical coordinate of the highest point on the third step in the local step structure relative to the highest point on the second step in the three-dimensional space is shown;
the convex strip curve fitting is carried out in three-dimensional software with spline curve fitting, after the fitting is finished, the contour curve of each local step structure on the machine body of the rack is designed, and each local step structure on the machine body of the rack is filled and modeled according to the contour curve;
in the concave filling method, the concave spline curve fitting discrimination condition is as follows:
wherein, a1Is the abscissa, a, of the highest point on the first step in the local step structure in three-dimensional space2Is the abscissa of the highest point on a second step adjacent to the first step in the partial step structure, a3The abscissa of the highest point on a third step adjacent to the second step in the local step structure in a three-dimensional space is taken as the coordinate; l is2Is the ordinate, L, of the highest point on the second step in the local step structure relative to the highest point on the first step in the three-dimensional space3The vertical coordinate of the highest point of a third step in the local step structure relative to the highest point on a second step in the three-dimensional space is shown;
the concave spline curve fitting is carried out in three-dimensional software with spline curve fitting, after the fitting is finished, the contour curve of each local step structure on the machine body of the rack is designed, and each local step structure on the machine body of the rack is filled and modeled according to the contour curve;
in the straight line filling method, the first straight line fitting discrimination condition is as follows:
wherein, a1Is the abscissa, a, of the highest point on the first step in the local step structure in three-dimensional space2Is the abscissa of the highest point on a second step adjacent to the first step in the partial step structure, a3The abscissa of the highest point on a third step adjacent to the second step in the local step structure in a three-dimensional space is taken as the coordinate; l is2Is the ordinate, L, of the highest point on the second step in the local step structure relative to the highest point on the first step in the three-dimensional space3The vertical coordinate of the highest point of a third step in the local step structure relative to the highest point on a second step in the three-dimensional space is shown;
the first linear fitting is carried out in three-dimensional software with spline curve fitting, after the fitting is finished, the contour curve of each local step structure on the machine body of the rack is designed, and each local step structure on the machine body of the rack is filled and modeled according to the contour curve;
in the right-angle filling method, the right-angle shape fitting discrimination conditions are as follows: any one of the following discrimination conditions is satisfied:
Wherein, a1Is the abscissa, a, of the highest point on the first step in the local step structure in three-dimensional space2Is the abscissa of the highest point on a second step adjacent to the first step in the partial step structure, a3The abscissa of the highest point on a third step adjacent to the second step in the local step structure in a three-dimensional space is taken as the coordinate; l is2Is the ordinate, L, of the highest point on the second step in the local step structure relative to the highest point on the first step in the three-dimensional space3The vertical coordinate of the highest point of a third step in the local step structure relative to the highest point on a second step in the three-dimensional space is shown;
the right-angle shape fitting is carried out in three-dimensional software with spline curve fitting, after the fitting is finished, the contour curve of each local step structure on the machine body of the rack is designed, and each local step structure on the machine body of the rack is filled and modeled according to the contour curve; and finally obtaining the whole structure of the filled rack after all the local step structures are filled.
8. The method for optimally designing the fuselage structure of the mechanical press according to claim 7, wherein in step S5, when the convex filling method is to construct a spline curve by using three-dimensional modeling software according to the external dimensions of the local stepped structure, the local stepped structure has a plurality of continuous small steps, after the highest point on the first small step and the highest point on the last small step are connected to form a straight line, if the highest point on the middle step between the two steps is above the straight line, the spline curve to be fitted is determined to be a convex spline curve, and then the highest point on the first step, the highest points on the plurality of steps sequentially and continuously adjoining in the middle, and the plurality of points on the last step on the local stepped structure are connected to obtain the required spline curve by using the spline curve function in the three-dimensional software, connecting the obtained spline curve with the initial contour line of the local stepped structure to obtain a final contour line, and then stretching and filling the material-lacking part in the final contour line along the direction vertical to the final contour line in three-dimensional modeling software to further obtain a filled final local structure; the concave filling method is that when spline curve construction is carried out through three-dimensional modeling software according to the external dimension of the local stepped structure, a plurality of continuous small steps are arranged on the local stepped structure, after the highest point of the first small step and the highest point on the last small step are connected into a straight line, if the highest point on the middle step between the first small step and the last small step is below the straight line, the spline curve to be fitted is judged to be a concave spline curve, then the highest point on the first step, the highest points on a plurality of steps which are sequentially and continuously adjacent in the middle and the highest point on the last step on the local stepped structure are connected by utilizing the spline curve function in the three-dimensional software to obtain the required spline curve, and the obtained spline curve is connected with the outline of the local stepped structure to obtain a final contour line, then stretching and filling the part which lacks materials in the final contour line along the direction vertical to the final contour line in three-dimensional modeling software so as to obtain a final local structure after filling; the straight line filling method comprises the steps of constructing a spline curve according to the external dimension of the local stepped structure through three-dimensional modeling software, wherein the local stepped structure is provided with a plurality of continuous small steps, judging a line segment to be fitted to be a straight line if the highest point on the middle step between the highest point on the first small step and the highest point on the last small step is positioned on the straight line after the highest point of the first small step and the highest point of the last small step are connected into the straight line, connecting the highest point on the first step, the highest points on the plurality of steps sequentially and continuously adjoined in the middle on the local stepped structure and the highest point on the last step by using the spline curve function in the three-dimensional software to obtain the required straight line, connecting the obtained straight line with the contour of the local stepped structure to obtain a final contour line, and connecting the part, which lacks materials, in the final contour line in the three-dimensional software along the direction perpendicular to the final contour line Stretching and filling in the direction of the first and second partial structures to obtain a final partial structure after filling; when the right-angle filling method meets the convex spline curve discrimination method, the concave spline curve discrimination method or the straight line discrimination method, connecting the highest point on the first step, the highest points on a plurality of steps sequentially and continuously adjacent in the middle and the highest point on the last step on the local step structure by using a spline curve function in three-dimensional software to obtain a required convex spline curve, a required concave spline curve or a required straight line, connecting the obtained convex spline curve, concave spline curve or straight line with the local step structure outline to obtain a base body outline line, stretching and filling the part which lacks materials in the base body outline line in the three-dimensional software along the direction vertical to the base body outline line to further obtain a filled local structure base body, constructing a length-width sketch map or a length-height sketch map or a width-height sketch map according to the length, the width and the height of the local structural matrix; the long and wide sketch and the constructed convex spline curve, concave spline curve or straight line form a closed graph in a surrounding mode, and the closed graph is used as a stretching contour to stretch the height of the local structure matrix in three-dimensional software; the long and high sketch and the constructed convex spline curve, concave spline curve or straight line form a closed graph in a surrounding mode, and the closed graph is used as a stretching contour to stretch the width of the local structure matrix in three-dimensional software; the wide-height sketch and the constructed convex spline curve, concave spline curve or straight line form a closed graph in a surrounding mode, and the closed graph is used as a stretching contour to stretch the length of the local structure matrix in three-dimensional software; thereby obtaining the final partial structure after filling.
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