CN109239781A - Seismic data correction method and device - Google Patents
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
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Abstract
The application discloses a seismic data correction method and a device, wherein the method comprises the steps of obtaining first arrival information of seismic data; determining a floating datum plane of the seismic data according to the surface elevation curved surface; forward modeling is carried out on the first arrival information according to the first arrival information and the floating datum plane of the seismic data, and the forward modeled first arrival information is obtained; and correcting the seismic data by a reference plane according to the time difference between the first arrival information and the forward simulated first arrival information. Therefore, accurate correction of the seismic data datum plane can be realized.
Description
Technical field
This application involves seismic data processing technology field more particularly to a kind of seismic data corrections method and devices.
Background technique
This part intends to provides background or context for the embodiment of the present application stated in claims.Description herein
Recognize it is the prior art not because not being included in this section.
Seismic data can accurately be playbacked in Depth Domain and is imaged by pre-stack depth migration, when near surface elevation cross directional variations are acute
When strong, it will cause seismic data and occur compared with large time difference, the wave field extrapolation algorithm used by depth migration can not be on accurate description
When stating the time difference, the phenomenon that will appear more illusion or out-focus in migration result.Therefore in order to allowing offset imaging method
It plays a role, needs to carry out floating surface correction before offset, to eliminate the time difference that wave field extrapolation algorithm can not adapt to.
Traditional method, as offset floating surface, seeks true height using near-surface velocity and replacement velocity using small even surface
The time difference between journey and small even surface, this method can eliminate the time difference caused by near surface elevation changes to a certain degree and can protect
Features of terrain is handled, but has ignored different wave field extrapolation algorithms itself to the difference of time difference adaptability.
Summary of the invention
The embodiment of the present application provides a kind of seismic data corrections method and device, carries out to the datum level to seismic data
Precise calibration.
A kind of seismic data corrections method, this method comprises:
Obtain the first break information of seismic data；
The floating datum of the seismic data is determined according to earth's surface elevation curved surface；
Forward simulation is carried out in face of first break information according to the floating reference of the first break information and the seismic data, is obtained
First break information after forward simulation；
The seismic data is carried out according to the time difference of the first break information after the first break information and the forward simulation
Base-level correction.
The embodiment of the present application also provides a kind of seismic data corrections device, which includes:
Module is obtained, for obtaining the first break information of seismic data；
Floating datum determining module, for determining the floating datum of the seismic data according to earth's surface elevation curved surface；
Forward modeling module, for being carried out according to the floating reference of the first break information and the seismic data in face of first break information
Forward simulation, the first break information after obtaining forward simulation；
Base-level correction module, for the time difference according to the first break information after the first break information and the forward simulation
Base-level correction is carried out to the seismic data.
In the embodiment of the present application, by the first arrival for obtaining seismic data；The earthquake number is determined according to earth's surface elevation curved surface
According to floating datum；Forward modeling mould is carried out in face of first break information according to the floating reference of the first break information and the seismic data
It is quasi-, the first break information after obtaining forward simulation；According to the time of the first break information after the first break information and the forward simulation
Difference carries out base-level correction to the seismic data.Precise calibration can be carried out to the datum level of seismic data.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or in the prior art more clearly, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
Some embodiments of application for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can be with
It obtains other drawings based on these drawings.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is a kind of seismic data corrections method flow schematic diagram provided in the embodiment of the present application；
Fig. 2 is the first break information signal that seismic data is picked up in original single-shot data provided in the embodiment of the present application
Figure；
Fig. 3 is the radiographic density schematic diagram provided in the embodiment of the present application；
Fig. 4 is the generation floating datum schematic diagram provided in the embodiment of the present application；
Fig. 5 is the forward simulation first break information provided in the embodiment of the present application and first break picking information contrast schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is contrast schematic diagram before and after the single-shot base-level correction provided in the embodiment of the present application；
Fig. 7 is conventional float face bearing calibration pre-stack depth migration result schematic diagram；
Fig. 8 is the pre-stack depth migration result schematic diagram provided in the embodiment of the present application；
Fig. 9 is a kind of seismic data corrections system structure diagram provided in the embodiment of the present application.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the attached drawing in the embodiment of the present application, technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, described embodiments are only a part of embodiments of the present application, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the application
In embodiment, every other implementation obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts
Example, shall fall in the protection scope of this application.
Below with reference to several representative embodiments of the application, the principle and spirit of the application are illustrated in detail.
Although being based on this application provides as the following examples or method operating procedure shown in the drawings or apparatus structure
Routine may include more or less operating procedure or mould in the method or device without creative labor
Module unit.In the step of there is no necessary causalities in logicality or structure, the execution sequences of these steps or device
Modular structure is not limited to the embodiment of the present application or execution shown in the drawings sequence or modular structure.The method or modular structure
Device in practice or end product in application, can according to embodiment or method shown in the drawings or modular structure into
Row sequence executes or parallel execution.
The embodiment of the present application provides a kind of seismic data corrections method, as shown in Figure 1, method includes:
Step 101: obtaining the first break information of seismic data.
Step 102: the floating datum of the seismic data is determined according to earth's surface elevation curved surface.
Step 103: forward modeling is carried out in face of first break information according to the floating reference of the first break information and the seismic data
Simulation, the first break information after obtaining forward simulation.
Step 104: according to the time difference of the first break information after the first break information and the forward simulation to the earthquake
Data carry out base-level correction.
Optionally, before step 101, it can according to need and the original first break information of seismic data pre-processed,
The first break information of the seismic data is obtained, the pretreatment includes human-edited, abnormal point processing, the processing of consecutive points difference.
In seism processing, static correction has very important status, whether which kind of static correction, is all with earthquake
The first break information of data is as necessary basic data.Specifically, the original first of seismic data can manually or automatically be obtained
To information, human-edited, rejecting abnormalities point are carried out to the original first break information of acquisition；Further, to be not picked up or by
The abnormal point of rejecting is manually picked up, and obtains first break information according to adjacent point interpolation.Fig. 2 shows in original single-shot data
The schematic diagram of the first break information of seismic data is obtained, wherein the peak face of curve is the first break information of acquired seismic data.
Optionally, seismic data corrections method further include: near-surface velocity model is determined according to the first break information；
The time difference according to the first break information after the first break information and the forward simulation is to the seismic data
Before progress base-level correction, further includes: according to the first break information after the first break information, the forward simulation, the earth's surface
Elevation curved surface and the near-surface velocity model, the time of the first break information after determining the first break information and the forward simulation
Difference.
Optionally, before step 104, the ray bottom circle of near-surface velocity model is determined according to radiographic density；In ray
On the circle of bottom and at the uniform position of radiographic density, using full migration away from inverting near-surface velocity model, near-surface velocity is determined；
According to first break information, the earth's surface elevation curved surface and the near-surface velocity after the first break information, the forward simulation, really
The time difference of first break information after the fixed first break information and the forward simulation.
Specifically, Fig. 3 is radiographic density schematic diagram, and the bottom circle of ray is image base black line, the bottom circle of ray in figure
On and the uniform position of radiographic density at (White curves as schemed center) using chromatography conversion method inverting obtain near surface
Rate pattern.Not only complex near surface conditionss area static correction job requirement initially sets up near-surface velocity model, but also prestack depth
Offset also requires to provide near-surface velocity, directly to carry out Depth Imaging to rolling topography observation data.
Optionally, in a step 102, determine that the floating datum of the seismic data can be adopted according to earth's surface elevation curved surface
Take following steps:
(1) 3 to 5 sampling points chosen in the earth's surface elevation curved surface are smoothed；
(2) amplitude in the earth's surface elevation curved surface is become increased inflection point and is determined as trough point from reducing；
(3) all trough points are connected and forms trough envelope, the floating datum as the seismic data.Connect trough
The smooth curve (as shown in Fig. 4 gray line) that a not no inflection point can be formed when point using cubic spline interpolation algorithm, can adopt
Trough envelope is generated with other algorithms, the application is not especially limited this.
Optionally, in step 103, the elevation of the floating datum of the seismic data is determined as to forward simulation
Shot point and detection point height, and forward simulation is carried out to the first break information based on wave field extrapolation algorithm.
Specifically, the forward simulation of first break information is carried out using the wave field extrapolation algorithm used in subsequent processes, just
It drills shot point used by simulation and geophone station position is located on trough envelope floating datum, Fig. 5 shows the first arrival of acquisition
First break information comparison diagram after information and forward simulation.
It should be noted that can choose and subsequent migration imaging or all-wave when carrying out forward simulation to first break information
The corresponding wave field extrapolation method of shape inverting, it is real under Generalized Least Square meaning by ground observation wave field and forward simulation wave field
Existing, gradient direction is gone out by shot point main story wave field and the inverse crosscorrelation estimation for passing wave field of geophone station residual error, by conjugation ladder
The continuous iteration in direction is spent, so that target function value constantly reduces, to allow near-surface velocity model towards being correctly oriented convergence.
Also it can choose the algorithm that reaches identical purpose similar with wave field extrapolation method to be handled, the application does not limit this specifically
It is fixed.
Optionally, at step 104, the first break information after the first break information and forward simulation that will acquire subtracts each other to obtain the time
Difference.The time difference be according to after the first break information, the forward simulation first break information and near-surface velocity obtain.Into
One step, seismic data is subjected to time shift according to the time difference acquired, to complete base-level correction.Before Fig. 6 shows correction
Single-shot data comparison figure afterwards, left side are the single-shot schematic diagram data before correction, and right side is the single-shot schematic diagram data after correction,
As can be seen that the time difference for being influenced to generate by landform cross directional variations after correction is eliminated, and landform is maintained to the maximum extent
Feature.
To verify the effect that method provided by the embodiments of the present application is reached, said for shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 below
It is bright.Fig. 7 is shown using traditional floating bearing calibration pre-stack depth migration result schematic diagram, therefore migration algorithm can not adapt to
The influence of near surface elevation variation leads to the reduction of migration result precision.Fig. 8 is shown using earthquake provided by the embodiments of the present application
Data correcting method is to the pre-stack depth migration after base-level correction results, it can be seen that imaging effect is improved significantly.
In conclusion seismic data corrections method provided by the embodiments of the present application, the first arrival by obtaining seismic data is believed
Breath, determines near-surface velocity model according to first break information；The floating reference of the seismic data is determined according to earth's surface elevation curved surface
Face；Forward simulation is carried out in face of first break information according to the floating reference of the first break information and the seismic data, obtains forward modeling
First break information after simulation；According to the time difference of the first break information after the first break information and the forward simulation to the earthquake
Data carry out base-level correction.Precise calibration can be carried out to the datum level of seismic data.
The application obtains first break information using the method for forward simulation, with reality according to the wave field extrapolation algorithm of migration imaging
Border seismic data subtracts each other to obtain the floating surface correction time difference.To eliminate the time difference caused by surface elevation change, retain ground
Shape feature, can also be different according to adaptability of the different wave field extrapolation algorithms to the time difference, obtain the higher floating surface of precision
Correction is as a result, to obtain the higher migration imaging result of precision.Using method provided by the embodiments of the present application can reduce because
For migration imaging illusion caused by earth's surface elevation transverse direction acute variation, it is more advantageous to forward simulation wave field and actual seismic data
Fitting.
The embodiment of the present application also provides a kind of seismic data corrections device, as shown in figure 9, described device includes:
Module 901 is obtained, for obtaining the first break information of seismic data；
Floating datum determining module 902, for determining the floating reference of the seismic data according to earth's surface elevation curved surface
Face；
Forward modeling module 903, for facing first break information according to the floating reference of the first break information and the seismic data
Carry out forward simulation, the first break information after obtaining forward simulation；
Base-level correction module 904, for according to the first break information after the first break information and the forward simulation when
Between difference to the seismic data carry out base-level correction.
Optionally, seismic data corrections device further include: preprocessing module 901: preprocessing module 901 is used for earthquake
The original first break information of data is pre-processed, and the first break information of the seismic data is obtained, and the pretreatment includes artificial compiles
It collects, abnormal point processing, the processing of consecutive points difference.
Optionally, the seismic data corrections device further include: inverting module, for determining near-earth according to the first break information
Table rate pattern；
The time difference according to the first break information after the first break information and the forward simulation is to the seismic data
Before progress base-level correction, further includes: according to the first break information after the first break information, the forward simulation, the earth's surface
Elevation curved surface and the near-surface velocity model, the time of the first break information after determining the first break information and the forward simulation
Difference.
Optionally, the first break information according to after the first break information, the forward simulation, the earth's surface elevation curved surface
With the near-surface velocity model, the time difference of the first break information after determining the first break information and the forward simulation, comprising:
The ray bottom circle of near-surface velocity model is determined according to radiographic density；
On the circle of ray bottom and at the uniform position of radiographic density, using full migration away from inverting near-surface velocity model,
Determine near-surface velocity；
According to first break information, the earth's surface elevation curved surface and the near-earth after the first break information, the forward simulation
Table speed, the time difference of the first break information after determining the first break information and the forward simulation.
Optionally, the floating datum determining module 902 is specifically used for:
3 to 5 sampling points chosen in the earth's surface elevation curved surface are smoothed；
Amplitude in the earth's surface elevation curved surface is become increased inflection point and be determined as trough point from reducing；
It connects all trough points and forms trough envelope, the floating datum as the seismic data.
Optionally, the forward modeling module 903 is specifically used for:
The elevation of the floating datum of the seismic data is determined as the shot point and detection point height to forward simulation；
Forward simulation is carried out to the first break information based on wave field extrapolation algorithm.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that, embodiments herein can provide as method, system or computer program
Product.Therefore, complete hardware embodiment, complete software embodiment or reality combining software and hardware aspects can be used in the application
Apply the form of example.Moreover, it wherein includes the computer of computer usable program code that the application, which can be used in one or more,
The computer program implemented in usable storage medium (including but not limited to magnetic disk storage, CD-ROM, optical memory etc.) produces
The form of product.
The application is referring to method, the process of equipment (system) and computer program product according to the embodiment of the present application
Figure and/or block diagram describe.It should be understood that every one stream in flowchart and/or the block diagram can be realized by computer program instructions
The combination of process and/or box in journey and/or box and flowchart and/or the block diagram.It can provide these computer programs
Instruct the processor of general purpose computer, special purpose computer, Embedded Processor or other programmable data processing devices to produce
A raw machine, so that being generated by the instruction that computer or the processor of other programmable data processing devices execute for real
The device for the function of being specified in present one or more flows of the flowchart and/or one or more blocks of the block diagram.
These computer program instructions, which may also be stored in, is able to guide computer or other programmable data processing devices with spy
Determine in the computer-readable memory that mode works, so that it includes referring to that instruction stored in the computer readable memory, which generates,
Enable the manufacture of device, the command device realize in one box of one or more flows of the flowchart and/or block diagram or
The function of being specified in multiple boxes.
These computer program instructions also can be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device, so that counting
Series of operation steps are executed on calculation machine or other programmable devices to generate computer implemented processing, thus in computer or
The instruction executed on other programmable devices is provided for realizing in one or more flows of the flowchart and/or block diagram one
The step of function of being specified in a box or multiple boxes.
Particular embodiments described above has carried out further in detail the purpose of the application, technical scheme and beneficial effects
It describes in detail bright, it should be understood that the foregoing is merely the specific embodiment of the application, is not used to limit the guarantor of the application
Range is protected, within the spirit and principles of this application, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should be included in this
Within the protection scope of application.
Claims (14)
1. a kind of seismic data corrections method characterized by comprising
Obtain the first break information of seismic data；
The floating datum of the seismic data is determined according to earth's surface elevation curved surface；
Forward simulation is carried out in face of first break information according to the floating reference of the first break information and the seismic data, obtains forward modeling
First break information after simulation；
Benchmark is carried out to the seismic data according to the time difference of the first break information after the first break information and the forward simulation
Face correction.
2. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that further include:
Near-surface velocity model is determined according to the first break information；
The time difference according to the first break information after the first break information and the forward simulation carries out the seismic data
Before base-level correction, further includes:
According to first break information, the earth's surface elevation curved surface and the near surface speed after the first break information, the forward simulation
Spend model, the time difference of the first break information after determining the first break information and the forward simulation.
3. method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that it is described according to the first break information, the forward simulation after
First break information, the earth's surface elevation curved surface and the near-surface velocity model, determine the first break information and the forward simulation
The time difference of first break information afterwards, comprising:
The ray bottom circle of near-surface velocity model is determined according to radiographic density；
On the circle of ray bottom and at the uniform position of radiographic density, using full migration away from inverting near-surface velocity model, determine
Near-surface velocity；
According to first break information, the earth's surface elevation curved surface and the near surface speed after the first break information, the forward simulation
Degree, the time difference of the first break information after determining the first break information and the forward simulation.
4. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that before the first break information for obtaining seismic data, further includes:
The original first break information of seismic data is pre-processed, the first break information of the seismic data, the pretreatment are obtained
Including human-edited, abnormal point processing and the processing of consecutive points difference.
5. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described to determine the seismic data according to earth's surface elevation curved surface
Floating datum, comprising:
The sampling point chosen in the earth's surface elevation curved surface is smoothed；
Amplitude in the earth's surface elevation curved surface is become increased inflection point and be determined as trough point from reducing；
It connects all trough points and forms trough envelope, the floating datum as the seismic data.
6. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that according to the floating base of the first break information and the seismic data
Standard carries out forward simulation, the first break information after obtaining forward simulation in face of first break information, comprising:
The elevation of the floating datum of the seismic data is determined as the shot point and detection point height to forward simulation；
Forward simulation is carried out to the first break information based on wave field extrapolation algorithm.
7. a kind of seismic data corrections device characterized by comprising
Module is obtained, for obtaining the first break information of seismic data；
Floating datum determining module, for determining the floating datum of the seismic data according to earth's surface elevation curved surface；
Forward modeling module, for carrying out forward modeling in face of first break information according to the floating reference of the first break information and the seismic data
Simulation, the first break information after obtaining forward simulation；
Base-level correction module, for according to the time difference of the first break information after the first break information and the forward simulation to institute
It states seismic data and carries out base-level correction.
8. device as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that further include:
Inverting module, for determining near-surface velocity model according to the first break information；
The time difference according to the first break information after the first break information and the forward simulation carries out the seismic data
Before base-level correction, further includes:
According to first break information, the earth's surface elevation curved surface and the near surface speed after the first break information, the forward simulation
Spend model, the time difference of the first break information after determining the first break information and the forward simulation.
9. device as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that it is described according to the first break information, the forward simulation after
First break information, the earth's surface elevation curved surface and the near-surface velocity model, determine the first break information and the forward simulation
The time difference of first break information afterwards, comprising:
The ray bottom circle of near-surface velocity model is determined according to radiographic density；
On the circle of ray bottom and at the uniform position of radiographic density, using full migration away from inverting near-surface velocity model, determine
Near-surface velocity；
According to first break information, the earth's surface elevation curved surface and the near surface speed after the first break information, the forward simulation
Degree, the time difference of the first break information after determining the first break information and the forward simulation.
10. device as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that further include: preprocessing module；
The preprocessing module obtains the first of the seismic data for pre-processing to the original first break information of seismic data
To information, the pretreatment includes human-edited, abnormal point processing and the processing of consecutive points difference.
11. device as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that the floating datum determining module is specifically used for:
The sampling point chosen in the earth's surface elevation curved surface is smoothed；
Amplitude in the earth's surface elevation curved surface is become increased inflection point and be determined as trough point from reducing；
It connects all trough points and forms trough envelope, the floating datum as the seismic data.
12. device as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that the forward modeling module is specifically used for:
The elevation of the floating datum of the seismic data is determined as the shot point and detection point height to forward simulation；
Forward simulation is carried out to the first break information based on wave field extrapolation algorithm.
13. a kind of computer equipment including memory, processor and stores the meter that can be run on a memory and on a processor
Calculation machine program, which is characterized in that the processor realizes any side of claim 1 to 6 when executing the computer program
Method.
14. a kind of computer readable storage medium, which is characterized in that the computer-readable recording medium storage has perform claim
It is required that the computer program of 1 to 6 any the method.
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| CN111077569A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-04-28 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method and device for extracting data in time-sharing window in full-waveform inversion |
| CN111538081A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-08-14 | 吉林大学 | Extrapolation method of seismic data first-motion wave |
| CN112698395A (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2021-04-23 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Floating reference surface forming method and system |
| CN112773396A (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2021-05-11 | 佟小龙 | Medical imaging method based on full waveform inversion, computer equipment and storage medium |
| CN113960654A (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2022-01-21 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Seismic data processing method and system |
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| CN113960654B (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2024-05-28 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Seismic data processing method and system |
| CN112773396A (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2021-05-11 | 佟小龙 | Medical imaging method based on full waveform inversion, computer equipment and storage medium |
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