CN108196305A - A kind of mountainous region static correcting method - Google Patents
A kind of mountainous region static correcting method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of mountainous region static correcting method, includes the following steps：S1, the field statics provided based on near-surface investigation correction, are updated it using preliminary wave interactive iteration residual static corrections, eliminate the static error that near-surface investigation is brought, obtain the datum static correction amount of higher precision；S2, low-and high-frequency separation is carried out to updated datum static correction amount, using the high fdrequency component after separation, seismic data is corrected on the CMP plane of references；S3, successive ignition is carried out by earth's surface-consistent residual static correction technology and velocity analysis, solves the Value of residual static correction of high-frequency short waves length；S4, the hypothesis due to earth's surface-consistent is limited, often in regions such as low signal-to-noise ratios, there are still remaining Value of residual static correction problems, pass through simulated annealing, reflection static corr ections residual static correction technology series solve；S5, low frequency static correction value is applied on final superposition of data body, is corrected in final uniform reference surface.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to exploration engineering field, more particularly to a kind of mountainous region static correcting method.
Background technology
In order to verify the shale gas distribution situation in certain domestic basin, seismic survey work for the first time has been carried out in the area.Basin
Shale gas exploration area block topography and geomorphology is complicated, is the low mountainous region looks in hills, northwestward hypsography is violent, chain of mountains rows of mountains, water system
Prosperity, cutting is serious, and middle part southeast hypsography is relatively small.Whole district's near-surface investigation interpretation results show, this area surface layer
Structure can be divided into three layers of low velocity layer (LVL), speed reduction layer and high-speed layer, and sinking speed tape thickness, high-speed layer lateral variation in velocity are acute
It is strong, wherein, it is weathering diluvial layer that low velocity layer, which belongs to the 4th, predominantly alluvial grit gravel, other region major part basement rock exposures,
4th system deposition is relatively thin.Thickness cross directional variations are larger, thickness range about 1~12m, velocity interval about 308~2200m/s,
High-speed layer is influenced by variation of lithological, and speed is in 2400~5500m/s or so.Meanwhile regional structure is complicated, undergoes repeatedly construction
Movement is formed in jinning movement, fold development.The seismic geological codition of exploration area complexity so that excitation, condition of acceptance are unstable
It is fixed, serious static correction problem is caused, meanwhile, which refers to carry out seismic survey work, no priori exploration information for the first time
It leads.Static correction problem becomes the bottleneck for restricting the region latter earthquake investigation and prospecting, therefore, how to resolve static correction problem pair
It is of great significance in subsequent shale gas investigation and prospecting.
At present, most widely used, effect the best way is mainly refractive wave static correction, chromatography in conventional static correction method
Static correction, field near-surface investigation static correction, but these methods are respectively provided with certain assumed condition, the geological conditions of basin complexity
It is difficult to meet, causes application effect of these static correcting methods in basin poor, it is particularly lateral in surface structure complexity, speed
Change violent region.
Invention content
In view of this, the present invention proposes a kind of mountainous region static correcting method.
A kind of mountainous region static correcting method, includes the following steps：
S1, the field statics provided based on near-surface investigation correction, utilize preliminary wave interactive iteration residual static correction side
Method is updated it, eliminates the static error that near-surface investigation is brought, obtains the datum static correction amount of higher precision；
S2, low-and high-frequency separation is carried out to updated datum static correction amount, using the high fdrequency component after separation, by earthquake
On data correction to the CMP plane of references；
S3, successive ignition is carried out by earth's surface-consistent residual static correction technology and velocity analysis, it is long solves high-frequency short waves
Value of residual static correction；
S4, the hypothesis due to earth's surface-consistent is limited, often in regions such as low signal-to-noise ratios, there are still remaining residues
Static correction value problem is solved by simulated annealing, reflection static corr ections residual static correction technology series；
S5, low frequency static correction value is applied on final superposition of data body, is corrected in final uniform reference surface.
In mountainous region static correcting method of the present invention,
The formula of field statics based on near-surface investigation correction offer in the step S1 is as follows：
Wherein：T is field correcting value of the S points to datum level；Ed、EgThe respectively elevation of datum level, S points；hi、viRespectively
The thickness and speed of each layer of low velocity layer；vcFor replacement velocity；M is the low velocity layer number of plies.
In mountainous region static correcting method of the present invention,
The step S1 includes：
First arrival time fitting is carried out in common offset trace gather, and asks for the time difference of first break picking and the fitting result；
Based on earth's surface-consistent feature, first arrival time difference is decomposed, it is quiet to seek out the corresponding residue of shot point, geophone station
Correcting value；
Using required Value of residual static correction on first break information, and draw other two CMP domains, common offset just
To curve；It is otherwise, remaining surplus having applied if this two oriented parallels, and smooth variation, illustrate that Value of residual static correction is accurate
It is repeated the above process on first break information after remaining static correction, until meeting precision.
Implement mountainous region static correcting method provided by the invention to have the advantages that compared with prior art：
(1) for complicated seismic geological codition, it is difficult to meet the supposed premise of conventional static correction technology, using a variety of quiet
The united combination static calibration method of alignment technique can be complementary to one another between implementation method, and good answer is achieved in exploration area
Use effect.
(2) preliminary wave interactive iteration residual static correction technology can well solve the static correction that near-surface investigation is brought and miss
Difference updates field statics with the Value of residual static correction, and obtained optimization static correction value can preferably solve datum level school
The problem of positive, improves static correction effect.
(3) when seismic data signal-to-noise ratio is relatively low, earth's surface-consistent residual static corrections are usually absorbed in local minimum,
It is difficult to obtain ideal static correction effect, it, can be by simulated annealing residual static correction technology into advancing one for this problem
Step is corrected.Meanwhile before deriving static correction values first data are carried out with some and improves signal-to-noise ratio processing, it is more accurate to help to ask for
Static correction value.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the mountainous region static correcting method flow chart of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is certain basin block work area earth's surface elevation status and single-shot first break information figure；
Fig. 3 is stacked section comparison before and after elevation calculation (gain is shown)：(a) before static correction；(b) after static correction；
Fig. 4 is the different big gun collection comparison before and after datum static correction：(a)SP 83；(b)SP327；
Stacked section comparison before and after Fig. 5 datum static corrections (gain is shown)：(a) non-static correction；(b) the quiet school in field
Just；(c) optimize field statics；
Fig. 6 is that earth's surface-consistent residual static correction is compared with the normal-moveout spectrum before and after velocity analysis three times iteration and channel set：
(a) before residual static correction；(b) after cubic residue static correction iteration；
Fig. 7 is stacked section comparison before and after residual static correction (pure wave is shown)：(a) before residual static correction；(b) earth's surface is consistent
After property residual static correction；(c) after simulated annealing residual static correction and reflection static corr ections residual static correction.
Specific embodiment
1 exploration area static correction case study
As shown in Fig. 2, surface relief variation in earthquake-capturing construction area is violent, depth displacement is larger, and cutting is serious, single-shot first arrival
Variation is big, and the apparent velocity of preliminary wave is larger, 5000m/s or so.Intuitively to illustrate the static correction problem of exploration area, to original
Seismic data carries out elevation calculation.The inspection point elevation information and estimation that elevation calculation is provided by using field are filled
Correcting value of the inspection point relative to the datum level of selection is calculated in speed, suitable for the relatively simple area of near surface, meter
It is as follows to calculate formula：
Wherein, Ts、TRRespectively shot point, receiving point to datum level elevation calculation amount；Hs、HR, H is respectively shot point, connects
The elevation of sink, datum level；VadFor replacement velocity.As shown in Figure 3, it can be seen that elevation calculation for imaging effect not compared with
Big improvement illustrates that elevation calculation is difficult to solve the problems, such as the static correction in the static correction area.By above-mentioned analysis it is found that the work area
Topography and geomorphology and seismic geological codition are complex, and excitation and condition of acceptance change greatly, and near surface is low in addition, reduction of speed tape thickness
It is highly unstable with speed, cause serious static correction problem.If area's static correction problem, earthquake number cannot be well solved
The structural configuration on Seismic Stacked Section can be distorted according to the long wavelength statics of middle remaining, is occurred " vacation construction "；And short wavelength
The presence of static correction value then influences whether the image quality of section.It is the earthquake of shale gas exploration area thus to resolve static correction problem
Key point and difficult point in data relative amplitude preserved processing.
The basic ideas of 2 combination static calibrations
Different static correction technologies are based on the assumption that condition is different, and applicable surface geology condition is also different, in real data
In processing, target area surface geology situation should be directed to and select static correcting method.If it is desired to the static correction problem in basin is resolved, just
The assumed condition of these static correction technologies must be got clear first and its applicability in basin the problems such as, most be adapted to so as to preferably go out
Static correcting method.By whole district's analysis and static correcting method application, single common static correcting method cannot solve basin
The static correction problem of ground data, especially in the complicated region of surface layer seismic condition variation.Main cause is as follows：
(1) refraction static correction be based on simple layer-cake model it is assumed that and require surface layer lateral variation in velocity it is small,
Earth's surface is shallower, there is relatively stable refracting layer, also needs specified weathering layer velocity, and the surface relief in basin is violent, height difference is hanged
Very, low velocity layer variation is violent, high-speed layer exposure, is unsatisfactory for the hypothesis of this method.Simultaneously as weathering layer velocity is difficult to accurately
It measuring, error can bring the error of static correction, surface-level model parametric inversion result is caused to differ larger with actual conditions, so as to
Long wavelength statics is made preferable can not to solve.
(2) tomographic statics can solve the problems, such as the static correction of complicated near surface although more perfect in theory, and
With higher flexibility, still, which depends on given initial model, higher to first break pickup quality requirement, together
When result of calculation there are multi-solution and stability problem, rate pattern is carried out in each iteration smooth, also brings short wavelength
Static correction problem.This results in the technology to be difficult to obtain ideal effect in the practical application in area, this is primarily due to original
Beginning earthquake noise is poor, and the development of multiple types noise, such as surface wave, anomalous amplitude etc. are extremely developed, and lead to original single-shot
It is accurate that first break information is difficult to pick up, it is difficult to determine high speed bed boundary and initial model.
(3) field near-surface investigation correct, typically by surface survey, time-depth curve, massif speed investigate, little refraction with
And the conventional earth's surface investigative technique such as micro logging, near-surface velocity information is obtained, interpolation goes out the entire physical space of weathering zone and each sees
Then according to this speed, a kind of method of static correction value is estimated with reference near surface thickness information for measuring point speed.This kind of correction
Amount is exactly the field statics that field provides, and when micro logging layout density is higher in research area, can be controlled well
Near surface processed, low frequency amount can control structural configuration, can ask for the higher static correction value of accuracy.But due to micro logging
Cost is higher, and hypsography is larger, and investigation difficulty is big, and basin micro logging points for investigation is fewer, and field near-surface investigation is caused to exist
Certain error, thus the static correction value precision that this method provides is difficult to the needs for reaching indoor data processing, often in shot point
With all also there are remaining long wavelength statics on geophone station, but this can utilize interior static correction to substitute it
Or it makes up.
(4) it is reflected wave information that residual static correction class method master is to be applied, can also use preliminary wave information, this kind of side
Most of method asks for static correction value using correlation method, and the quality of the model trace quality of data directly affects the static moveout asked for,
Therefore, the precision of Value of residual static correction depends heavily on the quality of seismic data, is easily fallen into when target zone noise is poor
Enter Local Minimum.And simulated annealing static correcting method is relatively suitble to low signal-to-noise ratio area data, is especially remained in earth's surface-consistent
Remaining static correcting method is well used when not having obvious effect, but a large amount of iterations is needed to complete the receipts of object function
It holds back, when expending very much machine.For preliminary wave residual static correction, relative to other several static correcting methods, do not need to establish
Near-surface model and the real first arrival time of pickup, without the thickness and speed that overlying strata is known in advance, but directly from first
Value of residual static correction is acquired into during travelling, thus more suitable for the area of complicated earth surface situation, this method can obtain precision
The long static correction value of higher intermediate waves, but not can determine that larger long wavelength statics.
According to above-mentioned analysis result, for the static correction problem in somewhere, the embodiment of the present invention proposes adaptable group
Static correction method is closed, i.e., the static correction of data is gradually solved the problems, such as using a variety of static correcting methods, as shown in Figure 1.First, it is based on
The field statics that near-surface investigation correction provides, are updated it using preliminary wave interactive iteration residual static corrections,
The static error that near-surface investigation is brought is eliminated, obtains the datum static correction amount of higher precision；Then, to updated benchmark
Face static correction value carries out low-and high-frequency separation, and using the high fdrequency component after separation, seismic data is corrected on the CMP plane of references；So
Afterwards, successive ignition is carried out by earth's surface-consistent residual static correction technology and velocity analysis, solves the static correction of high-frequency short waves length
Problem；Secondly as the hypothesis limitation of earth's surface-consistent, often in regions such as low signal-to-noise ratios, there are still the remaining quiet schools of residue
Positive quantity can be solved by the residual static corrections such as simulated annealing, reflection static corr ections technology series；Finally, it is folded in final
Add on data volume using low frequency static correction value, be corrected in final uniform reference surface.
Need be with illustrating, datum static correction is smaller, in the case of wave field near normal incidence, directly application
Datum static correction amount is corrected seismic data, and the stack velocity in estimation relative datum face on this basis, this is to close
Suitable.But when static correction value is larger, datum level selection it is unreasonable can cause correction after the back wave time with it is hyp partially
From being difficult to be improved, this can all cause a degree of influence to the estimation of stack velocity and interval velocity or even obtain mistake
Result.Basin field statics are larger, and maximum can reach hundreds of milliseconds, if data to be directly corrected to final benchmark
On face, the speed estimated on this basis will necessarily have very big error, seriously affect Overlay, while can also cause structure
Appearance state is distorted, and more influences the reliability of follow-up data interpretation.Therefore the datum static correction amount in basin area, i.e. long wave
Long static correction value, it is necessary to carry out low-and high-frequency separation, apply step by step.
3 application effects
3.1 datum static correction
Compared to refractive wave static correction and tomographic statics method, field near-surface investigation bearing calibration can be provided in exploration area
More preferably datum static correction amount, the formula of static correction value is asked for by near-surface investigation method to be expressed as：
Wherein：T is field correcting value of the S points to datum level；Ed、EgThe respectively elevation of datum level, S points；hi、viRespectively
The thickness and speed of each layer of low velocity layer；vcFor replacement velocity；M is the low velocity layer number of plies.
But the limitation due to near-surface investigation bearing calibration in itself, there is also certain error, long wavelength is remaining in residual
Static correction value, this error can be asked for by preliminary wave interactive iteration residual static correction technology.This method is mainly based upon
The statistical analysis of first arrival time, it is considered that, for the relatively gentle plane of refraction of a certain variation, original earthquake data application than
After accurate datum static correction amount, the corresponding first arrival of refracted wave is at four domains (shot point, geophone station, CMP and offset distance)
Should all be more straight, if there is not straight, then there are Value of residual static correction for explanation.The realization process of this method can be with
Simplified summary is：First, first arrival time fitting is carried out in common offset trace gather, and asks for first break picking and the fitting result
Time difference；Then, based on earth's surface-consistent feature, first arrival time difference is decomposed, it is corresponding to seek out shot point, geophone station
Value of residual static correction；Then, on first break information using required Value of residual static correction, and draw other two domains (CMP domains,
Common offset) first arrival curve, if this two oriented parallels, and smooth variation illustrates that Value of residual static correction is accurate, no
Then, it is repeated the above process on the first break information after having applied remaining residual static correction, until meeting precision.
Fig. 4 is the single shot record comparison that different THE METHOD OF DATUMs obtain, and corresponding stacked section comparison is in Figure 5
Provide, it can be seen from figures 6 and 7 that although field statics solves the problems, such as part static correction, but part there are still
Larger remaining static correction value can well solve this problem using optimization field statics method, and imaging effect is notable
Improve, significant wave lineups are gentle and continuous, illustrate preliminary wave interactive iteration residual static correction technology and field statics phase
Joint can efficiently solve the datum static correction amount in area.
3.2 residual static correction
After resolving long wavelength statics, there are still the more serious long static correction problems of high-frequency short waves.The quiet school of high frequency
Positive quantity influences normal-moveout spectrum pickup, and the significant wave lineups of common midpoint gather is caused to be unable to in-phase stacking, reduce the noise of section
Than and resolution ratio, it is impossible to truly reflect subsurface structure form.Therefore, accurate residual static correction is to improve this area's earthquake
Data handles the key of quality.According to the characteristics of basin, the residual static correction technology sequence for finally determining to use mainly includes：
The residual static correction of earth's surface-consistent back wave, simulated annealing residual static correction, reflection static corr ections residual static correction technology etc..
First, on the basis of datum static correction, using the side of earth's surface-consistent residual static correction technology and speed more cenotype iteration
Method gradually obtains more accurate Value of residual static correction, improves the precision of static correction, while makes common midpoint gather in-phase stacking
Energy is stronger；Then, since data signal-to-noise ratio is relatively low, residual static correction iteration is absorbed in Local Minimum in order to prevent, further adopts
Global optimum can be preferably searched out with simulated annealing residual static correction technology.Compared to earth's surface-consistent residual static correction technology
It is easily influenced by noise, simulated annealing residual static correction technology still has stronger adaptability in low signal-to-noise ratio.Pass through this
Kind iterative processing mode, static correction value can rapidly be restrained, and common midpoint gather can realize in-phase stacking.It considers
Under complex near surface conditionss earth's surface-consistent assume there may be it is certain the problem of, finally by reflection static corr ections residual static correction
Technology further obtains optimal imaging result.
Fig. 6 is the normal-moveout spectrum and channel set comparison before and after earth's surface-consistent residual static correction, is handled by successive ignition, base
Originally remaining static correction value is eliminated, has acquired more accurate stacking velocity field, speed spectrum energy is more concentrated.Residual static correction
Front and rear stacked section is as shown in fig. 7, it is apparent that lineups continuity enhances on stacked section, and wave group feature is more
Significantly, the signal-to-noise ratio in shallow middle level also significantly improves.Comparison diagram 7a and Fig. 7 b are it can be found that by earth's surface-consistent back wave residue
After static correction, imaging effect is significantly improved.Comparison diagram 7b and Fig. 7 c it is found that next simulated annealing residual static correction and
Reflection static corr ections static correction is generally little to structure imaging improvement, but can update more in the poor region of noise
More detail information, region particularly shown in arrow.
Therefore, in summary：
(1) the complicated seismic geological codition in area, it is difficult to meet the supposed premise of conventional static correction technology, using a variety of quiet
The united combination static calibration method of alignment technique can be complementary to one another between implementation method, be achieved in the exploration area good
Application effect.
(2) preliminary wave interactive iteration residual static correction technology can well solve the static correction that near-surface investigation is brought and miss
Difference updates field statics with the Value of residual static correction, and obtained optimization static correction value can preferably solve datum level school
The problem of positive, improves static correction effect.
(3) when seismic data signal-to-noise ratio is relatively low, earth's surface-consistent residual static corrections are usually absorbed in local minimum,
It is difficult to obtain ideal static correction effect, it, can be by simulated annealing residual static correction technology into advancing one for this problem
Step is corrected.Meanwhile before deriving static correction values first data are carried out with some and improves signal-to-noise ratio processing, it is more accurate to help to ask for
Static correction value.
It is understood that for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be conceived with the technique according to the invention and done
Go out other various corresponding changes and deformation, and all these changes and deformation should all belong to the protection model of the claims in the present invention
It encloses.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of mountainous region static correcting method, which is characterized in that it includes the following steps：
S1, the field statics provided based on near-surface investigation correction, utilize preliminary wave interactive iteration residual static corrections pair
It is updated, and eliminates the static error that near-surface investigation is brought, obtains the datum static correction amount of higher precision；
S2, low-and high-frequency separation is carried out to updated datum static correction amount, using the high fdrequency component after separation, by seismic data
It is corrected on the CMP plane of references；
S3, successive ignition is carried out by earth's surface-consistent residual static correction technology and velocity analysis, solves the surplus of high-frequency short waves length
Remaining static correction value；
S4, the hypothesis due to earth's surface-consistent is limited, often in regions such as low signal-to-noise ratios, there are still the remaining quiet schools of residue
Positive quantity problem is solved by simulated annealing, reflection static corr ections residual static correction technology series；
S5, low frequency static correction value is applied on final superposition of data body, is corrected in final uniform reference surface.
2. mountainous region static correcting method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
The formula of field statics based on near-surface investigation correction offer in the step S1 is as follows：
Wherein：T is field correcting value of the S points to datum level；Ed、EgThe respectively elevation of datum level, S points；hi、viSinking speed respectively
Thickness and speed with each layer；vcFor replacement velocity；M is the low velocity layer number of plies.
3. mountainous region static correcting method as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that
The step S1 includes：
First arrival time fitting is carried out in common offset trace gather, and asks for the time difference of first break picking and the fitting result；
Based on earth's surface-consistent feature, first arrival time difference is decomposed, seeks out the corresponding residual static correction of shot point, geophone station
Amount；
Using required Value of residual static correction on first break information, and it is bent to draw other two CMP domains, the first arrival of common offset
Line；It is otherwise, remaining quiet having applied if this two oriented parallels, and smooth variation, illustrate that Value of residual static correction is accurate
It is repeated the above process on first break information after correction, until meeting precision.
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| CN112130198A (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2020-12-25 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Multi-period three-dimensional seismic data fusion method and device based on time difference correction |
| CN112824939A (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2021-05-21 | 中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司 | Residual static correction method, device and equipment for seismic data and readable storage medium |
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| CN109085644A (en) * | 2018-07-30 | 2018-12-25 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | True earth's surface imaging method when being walked based on dual-beam |
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| CN109239781A (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2019-01-18 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | A kind of seismic data corrections method and device |
| CN111435172A (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2020-07-21 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method and device for chromatographic static correction |
| CN112130198A (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2020-12-25 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Multi-period three-dimensional seismic data fusion method and device based on time difference correction |
| CN112130198B (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2024-04-30 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Multi-period three-dimensional seismic data fusion method and device based on time difference correction |
| CN112824939A (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2021-05-21 | 中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司 | Residual static correction method, device and equipment for seismic data and readable storage medium |
| CN112824939B (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2022-08-26 | 中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司 | Residual static correction method, device and equipment for seismic data and readable storage medium |
| CN111856584A (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2020-10-30 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Thin reservoir hydrocarbon detection method and device based on super-gather |
| CN111856584B (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2022-11-01 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Thin reservoir hydrocarbon detection method and device based on super-gather |
| CN113093281A (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2021-07-09 | 中国煤炭地质总局地球物理勘探研究院 | Static correction method for improving prediction precision of small-amplitude structure aiming at complex earth surface structure |
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