CN109239781B - Seismic data correction method and device - Google Patents
Seismic data correction method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN109239781B CN109239781B CN201811257640.5A CN201811257640A CN109239781B CN 109239781 B CN109239781 B CN 109239781B CN 201811257640 A CN201811257640 A CN 201811257640A CN 109239781 B CN109239781 B CN 109239781B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
- G01V1/362—Effecting static or dynamic corrections; Stacking
Abstract
The application discloses a seismic data correction method and a device, wherein the method comprises the steps of obtaining first arrival information of seismic data; determining a floating datum plane of the seismic data according to the surface elevation curved surface; forward modeling is carried out on the first arrival information according to the first arrival information and the floating datum plane of the seismic data, and the forward modeled first arrival information is obtained; and correcting the seismic data by a reference plane according to the time difference between the first arrival information and the forward simulated first arrival information. Therefore, accurate correction of the seismic data datum plane can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of seismic data processing, in particular to a seismic data correction method and device.
Background
This section is intended to provide a background or context to the embodiments of the application that are recited in the claims. The description herein is not admitted to be prior art by inclusion in this section.
The prestack depth migration can accurately return and image seismic data in a depth domain, when the lateral change of the near-surface elevation is severe, the seismic data can generate a large time difference, and when a wave field continuation algorithm adopted by the depth migration cannot accurately describe the time difference, the phenomenon that more false images or focusing is generated on a migration result can occur. Therefore, in order to enable the offset imaging method to work, floating surface correction is needed before offset so as to eliminate the time difference which cannot be adapted by the wave field continuation algorithm.
According to the traditional method, a small smooth surface is used as a deviation floating surface, and the time difference between the real elevation and the small smooth surface is obtained by utilizing the near-surface speed and the replacing speed.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a seismic data correction method and device, which are used for accurately correcting a datum plane of seismic data.
A method of seismic data correction, the method comprising:
acquiring first arrival information of seismic data;
determining a floating datum plane of the seismic data according to the surface elevation curved surface;
forward modeling is carried out on the first arrival information according to the first arrival information and the floating datum plane of the seismic data, and the forward modeled first arrival information is obtained;
and correcting the seismic data by a reference plane according to the time difference between the first arrival information and the forward simulated first arrival information.
The embodiment of the present application further provides a seismic data correction device, which includes:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring first arrival information of the seismic data;
the floating datum plane determining module is used for determining a floating datum plane of the seismic data according to the surface elevation curved surface;
the forward modeling module is used for performing forward modeling on the first arrival information according to the first arrival information and the floating datum plane of the seismic data to obtain the first arrival information after the forward modeling;
and the datum plane correction module is used for carrying out datum plane correction on the seismic data according to the time difference between the first arrival information and the forward simulated first arrival information.
In the embodiment of the application, the first arrival of the seismic data is obtained; determining a floating datum plane of the seismic data according to the surface elevation curved surface; forward modeling is carried out on the first arrival information according to the first arrival information and the floating datum plane of the seismic data, and the forward modeled first arrival information is obtained; and correcting the seismic data by a reference plane according to the time difference between the first arrival information and the forward simulated first arrival information. The datum plane of the seismic data can be accurately corrected.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a seismic data calibration method provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of first arrival information for picking up seismic data on raw single shot data as provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic ray density diagram provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of generating a floating datum provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating comparison between forward simulated first arrival information and picked first arrival information provided in the embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a comparison between a single shot datum correction and a single shot datum correction provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the pre-stack depth migration results of a conventional floating plane calibration method;
FIG. 8 is a graph illustrating pre-stack depth migration results provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a seismic data correction system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, but not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The principles and spirit of the present application are explained in detail below with reference to several representative embodiments of the present application.
Although the present application provides method operational steps or apparatus configurations as illustrated in the following examples or figures, more or fewer operational steps or modular units may be included in the methods or apparatus based on conventional or non-inventive efforts. In the case of steps or structures which do not logically have the necessary cause and effect relationship, the execution sequence of the steps or the module structure of the apparatus is not limited to the execution sequence or the module structure shown in the embodiment or the drawings of the present application. The described methods or modular structures, when applied in an actual device or end product, may be executed sequentially or in parallel according to embodiments or the methods or modular structures shown in the figures.
An embodiment of the present application provides a seismic data correction method, as shown in fig. 1, the method includes:
step 101: and acquiring first arrival information of the seismic data.
Step 102: and determining the floating datum plane of the seismic data according to the surface elevation curved surface.
Step 103: and performing forward modeling on the first arrival information according to the first arrival information and the floating datum plane of the seismic data to obtain the forward modeled first arrival information.
Step 104: and correcting the seismic data by a reference plane according to the time difference between the first arrival information and the forward simulated first arrival information.
Optionally, before step 101, the original first arrival information of the seismic data may be preprocessed as needed to obtain the first arrival information of the seismic data, where the preprocessing includes manual editing, outlier processing, and adjacent point difference processing.
In seismic data processing, the static correction plays a significant role, and no matter which type of static correction is, the first arrival information of seismic data is used as necessary basic data. Specifically, the original first arrival information of the seismic data can be manually or automatically acquired, the acquired original first arrival information is manually edited, and abnormal points are removed; further, the abnormal points which are not picked up or are eliminated are manually picked up, and first arrival information is obtained according to interpolation of adjacent points. FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of acquiring first-arrival information of seismic data on raw single-shot data, where the peak of the curve is the first-arrival information of the acquired seismic data.
Optionally, the seismic data correction method further includes: determining a near-surface speed model according to the first arrival information;
before the time difference between the first arrival information and the first arrival information after forward modeling is used for correcting the datum plane of the seismic data, the method further comprises the following steps: and determining the time difference between the first arrival information and the first arrival information after forward modeling according to the first arrival information, the first arrival information after forward modeling, the surface elevation curved surface and the near-surface velocity model.
Optionally, prior to step 104, determining a ray bottom bound of the near-surface velocity model from the ray density; at the position above the ray bottom boundary and with uniform ray density, adopting a full offset distance to invert a near-surface velocity model and determining the near-surface velocity; and determining the time difference between the first arrival information and the first arrival information after forward modeling according to the first arrival information, the first arrival information after forward modeling, the surface elevation curved surface and the near-surface speed.
Specifically, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of ray density, the bottom boundary of the ray is a black line at the bottom of the image, and a near-surface velocity model is obtained by inversion with a tomography inversion method at a position (such as a white curve in the center of the image) above the bottom boundary of the ray in the image where the ray density is uniform. Not only does the static correction work of the complex surface condition area require that a near-surface speed model is firstly established, but also the prestack depth migration requires that the near-surface speed is provided so as to directly carry out depth imaging on the observation data of the undulating terrain.
Optionally, in step 102, determining a floating datum for the seismic data according to the surface elevation curved surface may take the following steps:
(1) selecting 3 to 5 sampling points in the surface elevation curved surface for smoothing;
(2) determining an inflection point of which the amplitude is changed from reduction to increase in the surface elevation curved surface as a valley point;
(3) and connecting all the wave valley points to form a wave valley envelope line which is used as a floating reference surface of the seismic data. When the valley points are connected, a smooth curve without an inflection point (as shown by a gray line in fig. 4) may be formed by using a cubic spline interpolation algorithm, and a valley envelope may be generated by using another algorithm, which is not specifically limited in this application.
Optionally, in step 103, determining elevations of the floating datum plane of the seismic data as elevations of a shot point and a geophone point to be forward simulated, and performing forward simulation on the first arrival information based on a wave field continuation algorithm.
Specifically, forward simulation of the first arrival information is performed by using a wave field continuation algorithm adopted in the subsequent processing process, shot points and demodulator probe positions adopted by the forward simulation are located on a valley envelope floating reference surface, and fig. 5 shows a comparison graph of the obtained first arrival information and the first arrival information after the forward simulation.
It should be noted that, when forward modeling is performed on the first-arrival information, a wave field continuation method corresponding to subsequent offset imaging or full waveform inversion can be selected, the ground observed wave field and the forward modeling wave field are realized in the generalized least square sense, the gradient direction is estimated through the cross-correlation of the shot point forward wave field and the wave detection point residual backward wave field, and the target function value is continuously reduced through continuous iteration in the direction of the conjugate gradient, so that the near-surface velocity model converges towards the correct direction. An algorithm similar to the wave field continuation method for achieving the same purpose may be selected for processing, and the present application is not limited to this.
Optionally, in step 104, the obtained first arrival information and the forward simulated first arrival information are subtracted to obtain a time difference. And the time difference is obtained according to the first-motion information, the forward simulated first-motion information and the near-surface speed. Further, the seismic data is time-shifted according to the obtained time difference, thereby completing the reference plane correction. Fig. 6 shows a comparison graph of single shot data before and after correction, the left side is a graph of single shot data before correction, and the right side is a graph of single shot data after correction, so that it can be seen that the time difference caused by the influence of the lateral change of the terrain after correction is eliminated, and the terrain feature is maintained to the maximum extent.
To verify the effect achieved by the method provided in the embodiments of the present application, the following description will take fig. 7 and 8 as an example. Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the result of prestack depth migration by using a conventional floating correction method, so that the migration algorithm cannot adapt to the influence of the near-surface elevation change, and the precision of the migration result is reduced. Fig. 8 shows the pre-stack depth migration result after the seismic data correction method provided by the embodiment of the present application is used for correcting the reference plane, and it can be seen that the imaging effect is significantly improved.
In summary, according to the seismic data correction method provided by the embodiment of the application, the near-surface velocity model is determined according to the first arrival information by acquiring the first arrival information of the seismic data; determining a floating datum plane of the seismic data according to the surface elevation curved surface; forward modeling is carried out on the first arrival information according to the first arrival information and the floating datum plane of the seismic data, and the forward modeled first arrival information is obtained; and correcting the seismic data by a reference plane according to the time difference between the first arrival information and the forward simulated first arrival information. The datum plane of the seismic data can be accurately corrected.
According to the wave field continuation algorithm of the migration imaging, the first-arrival information is obtained by using a forward modeling method, and the first-arrival information is subtracted from actual seismic data to obtain the floating surface correction time difference. Therefore, the time difference caused by the elevation change of the earth surface is eliminated, the terrain feature is kept, the floating surface correction result with higher precision can be obtained according to different wave field continuation algorithms with different adaptability to the time difference, and the offset imaging result with higher precision is obtained. By using the method provided by the embodiment of the application, the offset imaging false image caused by the transverse and violent change of the elevation of the earth surface can be reduced, and the method is more favorable for fitting the forward simulated wave field and the actual seismic data.
An embodiment of the present application further provides a seismic data correction device, as shown in fig. 9, the seismic data correction device includes:
an obtaining module 901, configured to obtain first arrival information of seismic data;
a floating datum determination module 902, configured to determine a floating datum of the seismic data according to the surface elevation curved surface;
a forward modeling module 903, configured to perform forward modeling on the first arrival information according to the first arrival information and the floating datum of the seismic data, so as to obtain forward modeled first arrival information;
and a datum plane correction module 904, configured to perform datum plane correction on the seismic data according to the time difference between the first arrival information and the forward simulated first arrival information.
Optionally, the seismic data correction apparatus further includes: the preprocessing module 901: the preprocessing module 901 is configured to preprocess original first arrival information of the seismic data to obtain the first arrival information of the seismic data, where the preprocessing includes manual editing, outlier processing, and difference processing between adjacent points.
Optionally, the seismic data correction apparatus further includes: the inversion module is used for determining a near-surface velocity model according to the first arrival information;
before the time difference between the first arrival information and the first arrival information after forward modeling is used for correcting the datum plane of the seismic data, the method further comprises the following steps: and determining the time difference between the first arrival information and the first arrival information after forward modeling according to the first arrival information, the first arrival information after forward modeling, the surface elevation curved surface and the near-surface velocity model.
Optionally, the determining, according to the first arrival information, the simulated first arrival information, the surface elevation curved surface, and the near-surface velocity model, a time difference between the first arrival information and the simulated first arrival information includes:
determining a ray bottom boundary of the near-surface velocity model according to the ray density;
at the position above the ray bottom boundary and with uniform ray density, adopting a full offset distance to invert a near-surface velocity model and determining the near-surface velocity;
and determining the time difference between the first arrival information and the first arrival information after forward modeling according to the first arrival information, the first arrival information after forward modeling, the surface elevation curved surface and the near-surface speed.
Optionally, the floating reference plane determining module 902 is specifically configured to:
selecting 3 to 5 sampling points in the surface elevation curved surface for smoothing;
determining an inflection point of which the amplitude is changed from reduction to increase in the surface elevation curved surface as a valley point;
and connecting all the wave valley points to form a wave valley envelope line which is used as a floating reference surface of the seismic data.
Optionally, the forward module 903 is specifically configured to:
determining the elevation of the floating datum plane of the seismic data as the elevation of a shot point and a demodulator probe to be simulated in a forward modeling mode;
and carrying out forward modeling on the first arrival information based on a wave field continuation algorithm.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The above-mentioned embodiments are further described in detail for the purpose of illustrating the invention, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A seismic data correction method, comprising:
acquiring first arrival information of seismic data;
determining a floating datum plane of the seismic data according to the surface elevation curved surface;
forward modeling is carried out on the first arrival information according to the first arrival information and the floating datum plane of the seismic data, and the forward modeled first arrival information is obtained;
and subtracting the acquired first arrival information and the forward simulated first arrival information to obtain a time difference, and performing time shifting on the seismic data according to the obtained time difference so as to finish the datum plane correction.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein prior to obtaining first arrival information for the seismic data, further comprising:
the method comprises the steps of preprocessing original first arrival information of seismic data to obtain the first arrival information of the seismic data, wherein the preprocessing comprises manual editing, abnormal point processing and adjacent point difference processing.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the floating datum for the seismic data from the surface elevation surface comprises:
selecting sampling points in the surface elevation curved surface for smoothing;
determining an inflection point of which the amplitude is changed from reduction to increase in the surface elevation curved surface as a valley point;
and connecting all the wave valley points to form a wave valley envelope line which is used as a floating reference surface of the seismic data.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein forward modeling first arrival information based on the first arrival information and the floating datum of the seismic data to obtain forward modeled first arrival information comprises:
determining the elevation of the floating datum plane of the seismic data as the elevation of a shot point and a demodulator probe to be simulated in a forward modeling mode;
and carrying out forward modeling on the first arrival information based on a wave field continuation algorithm.
5. A seismic data correction device, comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring first arrival information of the seismic data;
the floating datum plane determining module is used for determining a floating datum plane of the seismic data according to the surface elevation curved surface;
the forward modeling module is used for performing forward modeling on the first arrival information according to the first arrival information and the floating datum plane of the seismic data to obtain the first arrival information after the forward modeling;
and the datum plane correction module is used for subtracting the acquired first arrival information and the forward simulated first arrival information to obtain a time difference, and the seismic data is subjected to time shifting according to the obtained time difference so as to finish datum plane correction.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, further comprising: a preprocessing module;
the preprocessing module is used for preprocessing original first arrival information of the seismic data to obtain the first arrival information of the seismic data, and the preprocessing comprises manual editing, abnormal point processing and adjacent point difference processing.
7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the floating reference plane determining module is specifically configured to:
selecting sampling points in the surface elevation curved surface for smoothing;
determining an inflection point of which the amplitude is changed from reduction to increase in the surface elevation curved surface as a valley point;
and connecting all the wave valley points to form a wave valley envelope line which is used as a floating reference surface of the seismic data.
8. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the forward module is specifically configured to:
determining the elevation of the floating datum plane of the seismic data as the elevation of a shot point and a demodulator probe to be simulated in a forward modeling mode;
and carrying out forward modeling on the first arrival information based on a wave field continuation algorithm.
9. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the method of any one of claims 1 to 4 when executing the computer program.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program for executing the method of any one of claims 1 to 4.
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| CN112698395B (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2022-10-04 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Floating reference surface forming method and system |
| CN111077569B (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2022-05-06 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method and device for extracting data in time-sharing window in full-waveform inversion |
| CN111538081B (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2021-05-25 | 吉林大学 | Extrapolation method of seismic data first-motion wave |
| CN113960654A (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2022-01-21 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Seismic data processing method and system |
| CN112773396B (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2023-06-16 | 佟小龙 | Medical imaging method based on full waveform inversion, computer equipment and storage medium |
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| CN105093319B (en) * | 2014-05-14 | 2017-11-28 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Ground micro-seismic static correcting method based on 3D seismic data |
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