CN109239152B - 一种电化学传感织物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于可穿戴传感技术领域，具体为一种电化学传感织物及其制备方法。本发明该电化学传感织物由纤维传感器编织而成，并且还有银/氯化银纤维参比电极编织其中；所述纤维传感器包括葡萄糖纤维传感器、钠离子纤维传感器、钾离子纤维传感器、pH纤维传感器。该电化学传感织物能够监测汗液中的葡萄糖、钠离子、钾离子、钙离子及pH值。将该电化学传感织物编织在服装里，并连接无线传感器，可构建智能传感服装，可将其监测到的汗液成份信息实时传输到移动终端如智能手机，是实现可穿戴实时监测的理想平台，在可穿戴电子领域具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于可穿戴传感技术领域，具体涉及一种电化学传感织物及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着科技和人们生活水平的不断提高，对个人身体健康及疾病的预防越来越受到重视。可穿戴传感设备可以随时随地的监测我们人体的生理信号，为我们提供实时的身体状况反馈。其中，电化学传感器由于其能够监测分子层面的信息，使得其在可穿戴医疗等领域尤其受到关注。然而，目前的可穿戴电化学传感器通常都是薄膜平面状的，其一方面难以和我们的身体有效贴合；另一方面，难以同时实现多种传感功能集于一体。
纺织服装作为人们日常不可缺少的一部分，是实现实时监测的理想客体。而纤维作为服装的基本单元，具有可编织、高度灵活等特点。如果能够以纤维作为传感器的基本单元，通过编织集成的方式，可以将成千上万的纤维传感器集成到织物上，实现多种传感功能集于一体的目的。同时，由于纤维柔软、可弯曲等特性使得其能够和我们身体有效贴合，实现大面积的实时监测。然而，目前为止，还未见任何电化学纤维传感器的报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种电化学传感织物和纤维状汗液传感器及其制备方法。
本发明提供的电化学传感织物，由纤维传感器编织而成，并且还有银/氯化银纤维参比电极编织其中；所述纤维传感器包括葡萄糖纤维传感器、钠离子纤维传感器、钾离子纤维传感器、钙离子纤维传感器、pH纤维传感器。
本发明提供的电化学传感织物的制备方法，是将制备的葡萄糖纤维传感器、钠离子纤维传感器、钾离子纤维传感器、钙离子纤维传感器、pH纤维传感器以及银/氯化银纤维参比电极，按通常编织织物的方式，编织成所需织物。具体流程参见图8所示。
本发明中，葡萄糖纤维传感器制备的具体步骤如下：
（1）将1-5 wt%的壳聚糖溶解在乙酸中形成壳聚糖溶液；
（2）将壳聚糖溶液与单壁碳纳米管(1-10 mg·mL-1)和葡萄糖氧化酶(2-80 mg·mL-1)混合，超声处理10-40分钟，形成粘性混合溶液；
（3）将1-10 mM FeCl3、0.1-1 M KCl、1-10 mM K3Fe(CN)6和0.1-1 M HCl配制成普鲁士蓝溶液，将其电沉积到碳基纤维表面，得到普鲁士蓝/碳基纤维；
（4）将步骤（2）配置的壳聚糖/单壁碳纳米管/葡萄糖氧化酶混合液涂覆在步骤（3）制备的普鲁士蓝/碳基纤维上，得到葡萄糖纤维传感器。
本发明中，钠离子纤维传感器、钾离子纤维传感器和钙离子纤维传感器制备的具体步骤如下：
（1）将导电聚合物聚(3，4-乙撑二氧噻吩)、聚苯乙烯磺酸钠（记为PETDOT:PSS）电沉积到碳基纤维上，得到PETDOT:PSS/碳基纤维；
（2）将0.1-5 mg四钠盐[3，5-双（三氟甲基苯基）]硼酸盐 (NaTFPB)、1-50 mg高分子量聚氯乙烯 (PVC)、1-100 mg双（2-乙基己基）癸二酸酯 (DOS) 和0.1-10 mg钠离子载体X溶解于0.1-2 mL四氢呋喃中，制备得到钠离子选择性膜前驱体溶液；
（3）将0.1-5 mg四苯基硼酸钠(NATPB)、1-50 mg高分子量聚氯乙烯 （PVC）、1-100mg 双（2-乙基己基）癸二酸酯（DOS）和0.1-10 mg钾离子载体溶解于0.1-2 mL环己酮中，制备得到钾离子选择性膜前驱体溶液；
（4）将0.1-5 mg四钠盐[3，5-双（三氟甲基苯基）]硼酸盐 (NaTFPB)、1-50 mg 聚氯乙烯（PVC）、1-100 mg双（2-乙基己基）癸二酸酯 (DOS)和0.1-10 mg钙离子载体II溶解于0.1-2 mL四氢呋喃中，制备得到钙离子选择性膜前驱体溶液；
（5）将步骤（2-4）过程中制备的钠离子、钾离子和钙离子选择性膜前驱体溶液分别涂覆到步骤（1）制备的PETDOT:PSS/碳基纤维上，得到相应的离子纤维传感器。
本发明中，pH纤维传感器制备的具体步骤如下：以0.01-2 M苯胺/0.01-2 M硫酸溶液作为电解液，将苯胺电沉积到碳基纤维上。
本发明中，银/氯化银纤维参比电极制备的具体步骤如下：
（1）以0.1-5 M AgNO3/ 0.1-5 M KNO3溶液作为电解液，将银电沉积到碳基纤维上；
（2）以0.1-5 mM HCl/0.01-5 M KCl溶液作为电解液，通过电沉积对步骤（1）的镀银碳基纤维进行氯化；
（3）将1-200 mg聚乙烯醇缩丁醛树脂（PVB）、1-100 mg NaCl、1-100 mg聚环氧乙烷-聚环氧丙烷-聚环氧乙烷三嵌段共聚物（PEO-PPO-PEO）和1-10 mg MWCNT溶解于1 ml甲醇中，得到PVB溶液；
（4）将1滴PVB溶液涂覆到步骤（2）制备的碳基纤维上，制备得到银/氯化银纤维参比电极。
本发明中，所述的碳基纤维，可以是碳纤维、碳纳米管纤维或石墨烯纤维。
本发明的电化学传感织物能够监测汗液中的葡萄糖、钠离子、钾离子、钙离子及pH值。
进一步将该电化学传感织物编织到运动服上（参见图5），并连接无线蓝牙装置（参见图6），可以将其收集到的信号实时传输到智能手机上。
该电化学传感织物由纤维状汗液传感器和银氯化银纤维参比电极编织而成，其可以根据实际需求进行编织设计，在一块织物上，可同时编织集成多种传感器，从而可以同时监测汗液中不同的化学成份如葡萄糖、钠离子、钾离子、钙离子、pH。此外，其具有很好的灵活性，可任意弯曲扭曲，在可穿戴电子领域具有广阔的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为实施例中各种纤维传感性能图。其中（a）银/氯化银纤维参比电极，（b）葡萄糖纤维传感器，（c）钠离子纤维传感器，（d）钾离子纤维传感器，（e）钙离子纤维传感器，（f）pH纤维传感器。
图2为实施例中各种纤维传感器的重复性测试。其中，（a）葡萄糖纤维传感器，（b）钠离子纤维传感器，（c）钾离子纤维传感器，（d）钙离子纤维传感器，（e）pH纤维传感器。
图3为实施例中各种纤维传感器的选择性测试。其中，（a）葡萄糖纤维传感器，（b）钠离子纤维传感器，（c）钾离子纤维传感器，（d）钙离子纤维传感器，（e）pH纤维传感器。
图4为实施例中电化学传感织物性能表征。其中，（a）葡萄糖传感纤维和银氯化银纤维参比电极编织在织物上的扫描电镜表征，（b）电化学传感织物汗液浸润性测试，（c）电化学传感织物弯曲及扭曲测试，（d）电化学传感织物弯曲及扭曲不同次数对其传感性能的影响，（e）电化学传感织物性能测试。
图5为实施例中电化学传感织物编织在运动服上的照片。
图6为实施例中用于信号无线传输的集成芯片。
图7为实施例中电化学传感织物实时监测性能表征。其中，（a）穿着编织有电化学传感织物运动服的志愿者测试照片，（b）通过电化学传感织物实时监测获得的信号，（c）在35min时实时监测获得的信号与收集到的汗液离体测试对比。
图8为本发明电化学传感织物结构与制备流程图示。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施案例，示例性的说明及帮助进一步理解本发明，但实施案例具体细节仅是为了说明本发明，并不代表本发明构思下全部的技术方案，因此不应理解为对本发明总的技术方案的限定，一些在技术人员看来，不偏离本发明构思的非实质性增加和改动，例如以具有相同或相似技术效果的技术特征简单改换或替换，均属于本发明保护范围。
制备葡萄糖纤维传感器。（1）将1 wt%的壳聚糖溶解在乙酸中形成壳聚糖溶液；（2）将壳聚糖溶液与单壁碳纳米管(2 mg·mL-1)和葡萄糖氧化酶(40 mg·mL-1)混合，超声处理30分钟，形成粘性混合溶液；（3）将2.5 mM FeCl3、0.1 M KCl、2.5 mM K3Fe(CN)6和0.1 MHCl配制成普鲁士蓝溶液，将其电沉积到碳纳米管纤维表面得到普鲁士蓝/碳纳米管纤维；（4）将步骤（2）配置的壳聚糖/单壁碳纳米管/葡萄糖氧化酶混合液涂覆在步骤（3）制备的普鲁士蓝/碳纳米管纤维上，得到葡萄糖纤维传感器。
制备钠离子纤维传感器、钾离子纤维传感器和钙离子纤维传感器。（1）将导电聚合物聚(3，4-乙撑二氧噻吩)：聚苯乙烯磺酸钠（PETDOT:PSS）电沉积到碳基纤维上得到PETDOT:PSS/碳纳米管纤维；（2）将0.55 mg四钠盐[3，5-双（三氟甲基苯基）]硼酸盐(NaTFPB)、33 mg高分子量聚氯乙烯 (PVC)、65.45 mg双（2-乙基己基）癸二酸酯 (DOS) 和1mg钠离子载体X溶解于0.66 mL四氢呋喃中制备得到钠离子选择性膜前驱体溶液；（3）将0.5mg四苯基硼酸钠(NATPB)、32.75 mg PVC、64.75 mg DOS和2 mg钾离子载体溶解于0.35 mL环己酮中制备得到钾离子选择性膜前驱体溶液；（4）将0.55 mg NaTFPB、33 mg PVC、65.45mg DOS和1 mg钙离子载体II溶解于0.66 mL四氢呋喃中制备得到钙离子选择性膜前驱体溶液；（5）将步骤（2-4）过程中制备的钠离子、钾离子和钙离子选择性膜前驱体溶液分别涂覆到步骤（1）制备的PETDOT:PSS/碳纳米管纤维上得到相应的离子纤维传感器。
制备pH纤维传感器。以0.1 M苯胺/0.1 M硫酸溶液作为电解液，将苯胺电沉积到碳纳米管纤维上。
制备银/氯化银纤维参比电极。（1）以5 M AgNO3/ 1 M KNO3溶液作为电解液，将银电沉积到碳纳米管纤维上；（2）以0.1 mM HCl/0.01 M KCl溶液作为电解液，通过电沉积对步骤（1）的镀银碳纳米管纤维进行氯化；（3）将79.1 mg聚乙烯醇缩丁醛树脂（PVB）、50 mgNaCl、2 mg聚环氧乙烷-聚环氧丙烷-聚环氧乙烷三嵌段共聚物（PEO-PPO-PEO）和1-10 mgMWCNT溶解于1 ml甲醇中得到PVB溶液；（4）将1滴PVB溶液涂覆到步骤（2）制备的碳纳米管纤维上制备得到银/氯化银纤维参比电极。
所制备的纤维传感器和银/氯化银纤维参比电极的性能如图1-图3所示，其具有很好的选择性和重复性。
进一步将上述五种传感器编织到织物里可得到电化学传感织物（图4），其能够被汗液快速的渗透湿润。同时，柔性测试表明其具有很好的弯曲、扭曲性能。将该电化学传感织物编织到运动服装上（图5），并通过外接蓝牙装置（图6），可以将其收集到的信号实时传输到智能手机上。如图7所示，该电化学传感织物能够监测志愿者跑步过程中所产生的汗液中的化学成份信息。展示了其在可穿戴电子领域具有广阔的应用前景。
Claims (6)
1.一种电化学传感织物的制备方法，其特征在于，将制备的葡萄糖纤维传感器、钠离子纤维传感器、钾离子纤维传感器、钙离子纤维传感器、pH纤维传感器以及银/氯化银纤维参比电极，按通常编织织物的方式，编织成所需织物；
葡萄糖纤维传感器制备的具体步骤如下：
（1）将1-5 wt%的壳聚糖溶解在乙酸中形成壳聚糖溶液；
（2）将壳聚糖溶液与1-10 mg·mL-1单壁碳纳米管和2-80 mg·mL-1葡萄糖氧化酶混合，超声处理10-40分钟，形成粘性混合溶液；
（3）将1-10 mM FeCl3、0.1-1 M KCl、1-10 mM K3Fe(CN)6和0.1-1 M HCl配制成普鲁士蓝溶液，将其电沉积到碳基纤维表面，得到普鲁士蓝/碳基纤维；
（4）将步骤（2）配置的壳聚糖/单壁碳纳米管/葡萄糖氧化酶混合液涂覆在步骤（3）制备的普鲁士蓝/碳基纤维上，得到葡萄糖纤维传感器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，钠离子纤维传感器、钾离子纤维传感器和钙离子纤维传感器制备的具体步骤如下：
（1）将导电聚合物聚(3，4-乙撑二氧噻吩)、聚苯乙烯磺酸钠，记为PETDOT:PSS，电沉积到碳基纤维上，得到PETDOT:PSS/碳基纤维；
（2）将0.1-5 mg四钠盐[3，5-双（三氟甲基苯基）]硼酸盐 、1-50 mg高分子量聚氯乙烯、1-100 mg双（2-乙基己基）癸二酸酯 和0.1-10 mg钠离子载体X溶解于0.1-2 mL四氢呋喃中，制备得到钠离子选择性膜前驱体溶液；
（3）将0.1-5 mg四苯基硼酸钠、1-50 mg高分子量聚氯乙烯 、1-100 mg 双（2-乙基己基）癸二酸酯和0.1-10 mg钾离子载体溶解于0.1-2 mL环己酮中，制备得到钾离子选择性膜前驱体溶液；
（4）将0.1-5 mg四钠盐[3，5-双（三氟甲基苯基）]硼酸盐 、1-50 mg 聚氯乙烯、1-100mg双（2-乙基己基）癸二酸酯 和0.1-10 mg钙离子载体II溶解于0.1-2 mL四氢呋喃中，制备得到钙离子选择性膜前驱体溶液；
（5）将步骤（2-4）过程中制备的钠离子、钾离子和钙离子选择性膜前驱体溶液分别涂覆到步骤（1）制备的PETDOT:PSS/碳基纤维上，得到相应的离子纤维传感器。
3. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，pH纤维传感器制备的具体步骤如下：以0.01-2 M苯胺/0.01-2 M硫酸溶液作为电解液，将苯胺电沉积到碳基纤维上。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，银/氯化银纤维参比电极制备的具体步骤如下：
（1）以0.1-5 M AgNO3/ 0.1-5 M KNO3溶液作为电解液，将银电沉积到碳基纤维上；
（2）以0.1-5 mM HCl/0.01-5 M KCl溶液作为电解液，通过电沉积对步骤（1）的镀银碳基纤维进行氯化；
（3）将1-200 mg聚乙烯醇缩丁醛树脂、1-100 mg NaCl、1-100 mg聚环氧乙烷-聚环氧丙烷-聚环氧乙烷三嵌段共聚物和1-10 mg MWCNT溶解于1 ml甲醇中，得到PVB混合溶液；
（4）将1滴PVB混合溶液涂覆到步骤（2）制备的碳基纤维上，制备得到银/氯化银纤维参比电极。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的碳基纤维是碳纤维、碳纳米管纤维或石墨烯纤维。
6.如权利要求1~5之一所述的制备方法制备得到的电化学传感织物。
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