CN109238436A - The measurement method of transient acoustical source characteristic in reverberation tank - Google Patents
The measurement method of transient acoustical source characteristic in reverberation tank Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H3/00—Measuring characteristics of vibrations by using a detector in a fluid
- G01H3/10—Amplitude; Power
- G01H3/14—Measuring mean amplitude; Measuring mean power; Measuring time integral of power
Abstract
The invention belongs to acoustic measurement research fields, and in particular to the measurement method of transient acoustical source characteristic in reverberation tank, comprising the following steps: lay standard source and hydrophone array in reverberation tank；It is greater than minimum analysis frequency wavelength place apart from pool wall in pond and places a known standard source；The total space lays hydrophone in pond, and spacing maximum is equal to minimum half-wavelength；It is laid when laying by linear array and is individually laid with bracket；Make known standard source transmitting stable state broadband signal, measures the frequency domain sound field correction amount of reverberation tank；With transient acoustical source to be measured replacement standard source transmitting, time domain acoustic pressure data is acquired；Acoustic power level is calculated to the time domain data power spectrum of all array elementsAnd it does space average and handles to obtain space average acoustic power level < LW>；To the time domain data f of all array elementsn(t) auto-correlation processing is done.The invention proposes the pond measurement methods of transient state sound characteristics to have the advantages such as stability is preferable, measuring condition is easy to accomplish, measurement is efficient suitable for the quantitative acoustic assessment of transient.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to acoustic measurement research fields, and in particular to the measurement method of transient acoustical source characteristic in reverberation tank.
Background technique
The application of reverberation field is originating from the reverberation chamber in aeroacoustics, in acoustic absorptivity, the building of measurement acoustical material
Sound transmission loss, sound source radiated in be used widely, reverberation tank can also be used in transducer calibration.Reverberation water
Experiment condition and measurement method in pond and being very different in reverberation chamber, reverberation tank sound field is more uneven, when measurement
It needs the total space to acquire, and eliminates the interference effect on boundary with space technology.
Submarine target steady state of radiation noise level is lower and lower to bring great difficulty with measurement to detection.Transient is increasingly
One of main source of exposure as submarine target, their duration is usually all in Millisecond.Usually to the detection of transient
It is all carried out in free field with measurement, measures its direct sound wave, however be unable to reach free-field condition in practical outfield, measurement obtains
The result is that by channel interface modulation, and outfield bad measurement repeatability affected by environment；Anechoic tank, is again by sound absorption material
Expect low frequency applications limitation, and experiment condition and testing cost are high.Detection is rested on to the research of transient at present and judges that signal has
Nothing and extraction.
For stationary sound source, its power can be judged by power spectrum, not for the processing information in transient state Audio Frequency Domain
Enough sufficiently since the duration is too short, frequency resolution is not good enough, and the frequency point needed on frequency domain may show incomplete.For
Transient, we more concerned with or its time domain on characteristic.Tradition receives the outfield of transient and free field measurement
The limitation of above-mentioned condition, we begin look for it in the measurement method of reverberation tank.Reverberation tank measures environment compared with outfield
More stable, low frequency limitation is small compared with anechoic tank,.For the time-domain calculation method of power, since auto-correlation is mutual with power spectrum
For Fourier transformation, we select to start with from auto-correlation.Interference is the main distracter for influencing reverberation tank measurement, when only carrying out
Between can not averagely eliminate the interference as caused by each rank normal modes interference, to effectively eliminate this interference need to carry out it is abundant
Method space average.Space average will be carried out for the processing method of frequency domain and time domain.
There is presently no the method reports seen using reverberation tank measurement transient state sound characteristics, have not also seen and have utilized sound function
Rate characterizes the analysis method report of transient state sound characteristics.
In conclusion the prior art exist information processing is not enough, frequency point shows not congruent problem.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aims at obtain one to can use the method that reverberation tank accurately measures transient radiated.
The present invention is implemented as follows:
The measurement method of transient acoustical source characteristic in reverberation tank, comprising the following steps:
(1) standard source and hydrophone array are laid in reverberation tank；It is greater than minimum analysis frequency apart from pool wall in pond
Place a known standard source in wavelength place；The total space lays hydrophone in pond, and spacing maximum is equal to minimum half-wavelength；
It is laid when laying by linear array and is individually laid with bracket；
(2) make known standard source transmitting stable state broadband signal, measure the frequency domain sound field correction amount of reverberation tank；
(3) with transient acoustical source to be measured replacement standard source transmitting, time domain acoustic pressure data is acquired；
(4) acoustic power level is calculated to the time domain data power spectrum of all array elementsAnd it does space average and handles to obtain sky
Between average acoustic power level < LW>；
(5) to the time domain data f of all array elementsn(t) auto-correlation processing is done.
It is described to make known standard source transmitting stable state broadband signal, measure the frequency domain sound field correction amount of reverberation tank, comprising:
Collected signal is done into Fourier transformation and obtains frequency domain sound pressure level, by the frequency domain of hydrophones all in reverberation tank
As a result space average, which is done, after being superimposed obtains space average sound pressure level < LP>:
Wherein, N is the number of the hydrophone laid,For the sound pressure level of the collected signal of n-th of hydrophone；
Correction amount 10log (the R that sound source level is adapted to from reverberation tank space average sound pressure level is obtained by following formulac)
10log(Rc)=< LP>-SL
In formulaBy reverberation time T60It acquires.
The time domain data power spectrum of described pair of all array elements calculates acoustic power levelAnd it does space average and handles to obtain sky
Between average acoustic power level < LW>, comprising:
Space average acoustic power level < LW>:
Wherein, N is the number of the hydrophone laid,For acoustic power level；
The radiated frequency domain characteristic of transient acoustical source to be measured is obtained using frequency domain sound field correction amount；Using in step (2)
Correction amount be modified, obtain actual acoustic power level LW:
LW=< LW>-10log(Rc)。
The time domain data f of described pair of all array elementsn(t) auto-correlation processing is done, comprising:
fn(t) auto-correlation processing is done:
Carry out space average processing:
Its peak value is as average acoustic energy R in space in pond after after space averageMAX, corrected using the correction amount in step (2)
To sound source level sound energy A:
A=RMAX/Rc
Acoustical power is calculated by the following formula:
W=AS/ ρ c
Wherein, S is area, and ρ c is the characteristic impedance of water.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1) present invention firstly provides the pond measurement methods of transient state sound characteristics, the quantitative acoustic assessment suitable for transient.
(2) measurement method has the advantages such as stability is preferable, measuring condition is easy to accomplish, measurement is efficient.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is transient measuring principle schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is to show that free field, the normalization of reverberation field pulse sound receive signal；
Fig. 3 is the measurement experiment system for showing pulse acoustic radiation acoustical power in reverberation tank；
Fig. 4 is to show reverberation tank pulse power sound spectrum schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is to show anechoic tank, pulse power sound spectrum schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is first time 10kHz filling frequency difference pulse width reverberation tank result figure；
Fig. 7 is second of 10kHz filling frequency difference pulse width reverberation tank result figure；
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described further with reference to the accompanying drawing.
A kind of measurement method in reverberation tank measurement underwater sound source transient state sound characteristics
The present invention provides a kind of methods in reverberation tank measurement underwater sound source transient state sound characteristics, and this method includes following
Step: (1) standard source and hydrophone array are laid in reverberation tank: is greater than minimum analysis frequency wavelength apart from pool wall in pond
Place a known standard source in place；The total space lays hydrophone in pond, and spacing is not more than minimum half-wavelength；(2) make
Know that standard source emits stable state broadband signal, measures the frequency domain sound field correction amount of reverberation tank；(3) it is replaced with transient acoustical source to be measured
The quasi- source emission of dehorn acquires time domain acoustic pressure data；(4) the time domain data power spectrum union space of all array elements is averagely located
Reason, obtains the radiated frequency domain characteristic of transient acoustical source to be measured using frequency domain sound field correction amount；(5) to the time domain of all array elements
Data do auto-correlation union space average treatment, obtain the radiated time domain of transient acoustical source to be measured also with sound field correction amount
Characteristic.The present invention provides effective pond Method means for the quantitative Acoustic assessment evaluation of transient.Relatively free field measurement
Method and condition requirement, measuring condition of the invention are more easily satisfied, and measurement efficiency is high, at low cost.
The application of reverberation field is originating from the reverberation chamber in aeroacoustics, in acoustic absorptivity, the building of measurement acoustical material
Sound transmission loss, sound source radiated in be used widely, reverberation tank can also be used in transducer calibration.Reverberation water
Experiment condition and measurement method in pond and being very different in reverberation chamber, reverberation tank sound field is more uneven, when measurement
It needs the total space to acquire, and eliminates the interference effect on boundary with space technology.
Submarine target steady state of radiation noise level is lower and lower to bring great difficulty with measurement to detection.Transient is increasingly
One of main source of exposure as submarine target, their duration is usually all in Millisecond.Usually to the detection of transient
It is all carried out in free field with measurement, measures its direct sound wave, however be unable to reach free-field condition in practical outfield, measurement obtains
The result is that by channel interface modulation, and outfield bad measurement repeatability affected by environment；Anechoic tank, is again by sound absorption material
Expect low frequency applications limitation, and experiment condition and testing cost are high.Detection is rested on to the research of transient at present and judges that signal has
Nothing and extraction.
For stationary sound source, its power can be judged by power spectrum, not for the processing information in transient state Audio Frequency Domain
Enough sufficiently since the duration is too short, frequency resolution is not good enough, and the frequency point needed on frequency domain may show incomplete.For
Transient, we more concerned with or its time domain on characteristic.Tradition receives the outfield of transient and free field measurement
The limitation of above-mentioned condition, we begin look for it in the measurement method of reverberation tank.Reverberation tank measures environment compared with outfield
More stable, low frequency limitation is small compared with anechoic tank,.For the time-domain calculation method of power, since auto-correlation is mutual with power spectrum
For Fourier transformation, we select to start with from auto-correlation.Interference is the main distracter for influencing reverberation tank measurement, when only carrying out
Between can not averagely eliminate the interference as caused by each rank normal modes interference, to effectively eliminate this interference need to carry out it is abundant
Method space average.Space average will be carried out for the processing method of frequency domain and time domain.
There is presently no the method reports seen using reverberation tank measurement transient state sound characteristics, have not also seen and have utilized sound function
Rate characterizes the analysis method report of transient state sound characteristics.
Present invention aims at obtain one to can use the method that reverberation tank accurately measures transient radiated.
The present invention is implemented as follows:
Standard source and hydrophone array are laid in reverberation tank: being greater than minimum analysis frequency wavelength apart from pool wall in pond
Place a known standard source in place；The total space lays hydrophone in pond, and spacing is not larger than minimum half-wavelength.When laying
It can be laid by linear array or bracket is individually laid.
Make known standard source transmitting stable state broadband signal, measures the frequency domain sound field correction amount of reverberation tank；
Collected signal is done into Fourier transformation and obtains frequency domain sound pressure level, by the frequency domain of hydrophones all in reverberation tank
As a result average (space average) obtains space average sound pressure level < L after being superimposedP>:
N is the number of the hydrophone laid in formula,For the sound pressure level of the collected signal of n-th of hydrophone.
Utilize the available correction amount 10log that sound source level is adapted to from reverberation tank space average sound pressure level of following formula
(Rc)。
10log(Rc)=< LP>-SL
RcIt can also be acquired using the reverberation time:
In formulaBy reverberation time T60It acquires.
(3) with transient acoustical source to be measured replacement standard source transmitting, time domain acoustic pressure data is acquired；
(4) acoustic power level is calculated to the time domain data power spectrum of all array elementsAnd it does space average and handles to obtain space
Average acoustic power level < LW>:
The radiated frequency domain characteristic of transient acoustical source to be measured is obtained using frequency domain sound field correction amount；It to be utilized after calculating
(2) correction amount in is modified, and obtains actual acoustic power level LW:
LW=< LW>-10log(Rc)
(5) to the time domain data f of all array elementsn(t) auto-correlation processing is done:
And carry out space average processing:
Its peak value is as average acoustic energy R in space in pond after after space averageMAX, correction amount in (2) is utilized to correct to sound source
Grade sound energy A:
A=RMAX/Rc
Acoustical power can be calculated by the following formula:
W=AS/ ρ c
In formula, S is area, and ρ c is the characteristic impedance of water.
Present invention firstly provides the pond measurement methods of transient state sound characteristics, the quantitative acoustic assessment suitable for transient.It should
Measurement method has the advantages such as stability is preferable, measuring condition is easy to accomplish, measurement is efficient.
Fig. 1 transient measuring principle schematic diagram
Fig. 2 shows that free field, the normalization of reverberation field pulse sound receive signal
Fig. 3 shows the measurement experiment system of pulse acoustic radiation acoustical power in reverberation tank
Fig. 4 shows reverberation tank pulse power sound spectrum schematic diagram
Fig. 5 shows anechoic tank, pulse power sound spectrum schematic diagram
Referring to Fig. 3, the present embodiment carries out in having a size of 15m × 9m × 6m reverberation tank, its reverberation time etc. is certainly
Body characteristic is previously known can be by tabling look-up to obtain.
Measurement follows the steps below:
Step a: hydrophone and transmitting transducer such as Fig. 3 are laid according to experimental situation, hydrophone shares 128 using array
Array element.
Step b: wide to the stable state of 0~25kHz of known standard source transmitting in reverberation tank and anechoic tank, respectively
Band signal carries out power Spectral Estimation, to carry out space average in reverberation tank:
The two has different residual quantity in different frequency points, can use following formula and obtains correction amount:
10log(Rc)=< LP>-SL
The theoretical correction amount of sound field is -6dB.
Step c: emit 5ms to 20ms using signal source Aligent33522A, a series of sizes that frequency is 10kHz are
The train of pulse of 1Vpp acts on transmitting transducer through power amplifier B&K2713 amplification 50dB, is listened by the water laid in step a
Device battle array is received, and east China acquisition system DH8306A is acquired.The signal of 5ms is in the normalization of free field and reverberation field
Domain signal is as shown in Figure 1.
Step d: being handled with the method for frequency domain, obtains the relative size of power.Pwelch method is used by taking 5ms signal as an example
The spectra calculation of each hydrophone data and anechoic tank, data in reverberation tank is done, then to 128 points in reverberation tank
Power spectrum carry out space average:
Power spectrum after space average is respectively Fig. 4 and Fig. 5.Measuring obtained acoustic power level can be obtained with following formula:
LW=< LW>-(-6)
According to the upper data of figure as a result, reverberation field measurement result differs 0.2dB with free field measurement result.
Step f: the processing in time domain is carried out.The data acquired to 128 hydrophones in reverberation tank do auto-correlation respectively
Processing, then carry out space average:
Gained autocorrelator trace abscissa be 0 point peak value be exactly sound source radiation space average sound energy RMAX, utilize
Correction amount calculates acoustical power after correcting to sound source sound energy A again, and area takes unit radius spherical surface.
A=RMAX/Rc
W=AS/ ρ c
According to a series of above-mentioned treatment processes, the acoustic power level L of experimental dataWProcessing result such as table 1, shown in table 2.It can be with
Error is seen in allowable range, and the processing method for transient in time domain more has universal significance, and physical significance is more
Add clear.This method can fill up the blank of transient state sound measurement well.
Claims (4)
1. the measurement method of transient acoustical source characteristic in reverberation tank, which comprises the following steps:
(1) standard source and hydrophone array are laid in reverberation tank；It is greater than minimum analysis frequency wavelength apart from pool wall in pond
Place a known standard source in place；The total space lays hydrophone in pond, and spacing maximum is equal to minimum half-wavelength；It lays
When laid by linear array and individually laid with bracket；
(2) make known standard source transmitting stable state broadband signal, measure the frequency domain sound field correction amount of reverberation tank；
(3) with transient acoustical source to be measured replacement standard source transmitting, time domain acoustic pressure data is acquired；
(4) acoustic power level is calculated to the time domain data power spectrum of all array elementsAnd it does space average and handles to obtain space average
Acoustic power level < LW>；
(5) to the time domain data f of all array elementsn(t) auto-correlation processing is done.
2. the measurement method of transient acoustical source characteristic in reverberation tank according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described to make
Know that standard source emits stable state broadband signal, measure the frequency domain sound field correction amount of reverberation tank, comprising:
Collected signal is done into Fourier transformation and obtains frequency domain sound pressure level, by the frequency-domain result of hydrophones all in reverberation tank
Space average is done after superposition obtains space average sound pressure level < LP>:
Wherein, N is the number of the hydrophone laid,For the sound pressure level of the collected signal of n-th of hydrophone；
Correction amount 10log (the R that sound source level is adapted to from reverberation tank space average sound pressure level is obtained by following formulac)
10log(Rc)=< LP>-SL
In formulaBy reverberation time T60It acquires.
3. the measurement method of transient acoustical source characteristic in reverberation tank according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described to institute
There is the time domain data power spectrum of array element to calculate acoustic power levelAnd it does space average and handles to obtain space average acoustic power level < LW
>, comprising:
Space average acoustic power level < LW>:
Wherein, N is the number of the hydrophone laid,For acoustic power level；
The radiated frequency domain characteristic of transient acoustical source to be measured is obtained using frequency domain sound field correction amount；Utilize repairing in step (2)
Positive quantity is modified, and obtains actual acoustic power level LW:
LW=< LW>-10log(Rc)。
4. the measurement method of transient acoustical source characteristic in reverberation tank according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described to institute
There is the time domain data f of array elementn(t) auto-correlation processing is done, comprising:
fn(t) auto-correlation processing is done:
Carry out space average processing:
Its peak value is as average acoustic energy R in space in pond after after space averageMAX, corrected using the correction amount in step (2) to sound
Source level sound energy A:
A=RMAX/Rc
Acoustical power is calculated by the following formula:
W=AS/ ρ c
Wherein, S is area, and ρ c is the characteristic impedance of water.
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