CN109238436B - Method for measuring transient sound source characteristics in reverberation pool - Google Patents
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- G01H3/14—Measuring mean amplitude; Measuring mean power; Measuring time integral of power
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of acoustic measurement research, and particularly relates to a method for measuring the characteristics of a transient sound source in a reverberation water pool, which comprises the following steps: distributing a standard sound source and a hydrophone array in a reverberation water pool; placing a known standard sound source in the pool at a distance from the pool wall greater than the wavelength of the lowest analysis frequency; hydrophones are distributed in the whole space of the pool, and the distance is maximally equal to the minimum half wavelength; when the linear array is laid, the linear array and the support are laid singly; enabling a known standard sound source to emit a steady-state broadband signal, and measuring the frequency domain sound field correction quantity of a reverberation pool; replacing standard sound source emission with a transient sound source to be detected, and collecting time-domain sound pressure data; calculating the sound power level by performing power spectrum on the time domain data of all array elements
And performing spatial averaging to obtain spatial average sound power level<LW>(ii) a Time domain data f for all array elementsn(t) performing autocorrelation processing. The invention provides a pool measuring method of transient sound characteristics, which is suitable for quantitative acoustic evaluation of transient sound, and has the advantages of good stability and easy measurement conditionThe method has the advantages of high efficiency in implementation and measurement and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of acoustic measurement research, and particularly relates to a method for measuring characteristics of a transient sound source in a reverberation water pool.
Background
The application of the reverberation field originates from a reverberation chamber in air acoustics, and is widely applied to the measurement of the sound absorption coefficient of an acoustic material, the sound transmission loss of a building and the radiated sound power of a sound source. The experimental conditions and the measurement method in the reverberation pool are greatly different from those in a reverberation room, the sound field of the reverberation pool is more uneven, full-space acquisition is needed during measurement, and the interference influence of the boundary is eliminated by using a space technology.
The detection and measurement are greatly difficult when the steady-state radiation noise level of the underwater target is lower and lower. Transient sounds are increasingly becoming one of the main sources of exposure to underwater targets, and their duration is typically on the order of milliseconds. Generally, detection and measurement of transient sound are carried out in a free field, direct sound of the transient sound is measured, however, the condition of the free field cannot be achieved in an actual external field, a result obtained by measurement is modulated by a channel interface, and the external field measurement repeatability is poor under the influence of environment; the silencing water pool is limited by the low-frequency application of sound absorption materials, and the experimental conditions and the test cost are high. At present, the research on transient sound is limited to detecting, judging whether a signal exists or not and extracting.
For a steady-state sound source, the power of the steady-state sound source can be judged through a power spectrum, the processing information on a transient sound frequency domain is not sufficient, and the frequency points required on the frequency domain may not be fully displayed due to the fact that the duration is too short and the frequency resolution is not good enough. For transient sounds, we are more concerned about their characteristics in the time domain. The traditional external field and free field measurement for transient sound is limited by the above conditions, and we begin to find a measurement method for the transient sound in a reverberation pool. The reverberation water pool is more stable in measuring environment compared with an external field, and is small in low-frequency limit compared with a noise elimination water pool. For the time domain calculation method of power, since the autocorrelation and the power spectrum are fourier transform, we choose to start with the autocorrelation. Interference is a main interference term influencing the measurement of the reverberation pool, and the interference caused by the interference of normal waves of each order cannot be eliminated only by time averaging, so that sufficient space averaging is required to effectively eliminate the interference. Spatial averaging is required for both frequency and time domain processing methods.
At present, no method report for measuring transient sound characteristics by using a reverberation water pool is seen, and no analysis method report for representing transient sound characteristics by using sound power is seen.
In summary, the prior art has the problems of insufficient information processing, incomplete frequency point display and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to obtain a method for accurately measuring the transient sound radiation sound power by using a reverberation water pool.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
the method for measuring the characteristics of the transient sound source in the reverberation pool comprises the following steps:
(1) distributing a standard sound source and a hydrophone array in a reverberation water pool; placing a known standard sound source in the pool at a distance from the pool wall greater than the wavelength of the lowest analysis frequency; hydrophones are distributed in the whole space of the pool, and the distance is maximally equal to the minimum half wavelength; when the linear array is laid, the linear array and the support are laid singly;
(2) enabling a known standard sound source to emit a steady-state broadband signal, and measuring the frequency domain sound field correction quantity of a reverberation pool;
(3) replacing standard sound source emission with a transient sound source to be detected, and collecting time-domain sound pressure data;
(4) calculating the sound power level by performing power spectrum on the time domain data of all array elements
And performing spatial averaging to obtain spatial average sound power level<LW>；
(5) Time domain data f for all array elementsn(t) byAnd (5) performing autocorrelation processing.
The making of the known standard sound source to emit a steady-state broadband signal and measuring the frequency domain sound field correction amount of the reverberation pool comprises:
fourier transform is carried out on the collected signals to obtain frequency domain sound pressure levels, and the frequency domain results of all hydrophones in the reverberation pool are superposed and then are subjected to space averaging to obtain space average sound pressure levels<LP>：
Wherein N is the number of the distributed hydrophones,
the sound pressure level of the signal collected for the nth hydrophone;
the correction amount from the spatial average sound pressure level of the reverberation pool to the sound source level is 10log (R) obtained by the following formulac)
10log(Rc)＝<LP>-SL
In the formula
From reverberation time T60And (6) obtaining.
Calculating the sound power level by performing power spectrum on the time domain data of all array elements
And performing spatial averaging to obtain spatial average sound power level<LW>The method comprises the following steps:
spatial average sound power level<LW>：
Wherein N is a distributed hydrophoneThe number of the (c) is,
is the acoustic power level;
obtaining the radiation sound power frequency domain characteristic of the transient sound source to be detected by using the frequency domain sound field correction quantity; correcting by using the correction quantity in the step (2) to obtain the actual sound power level LW：
LW＝<LW>-10log(Rc)。
The time domain data f of all array elementsn(t) performing autocorrelation processing, including:
fn(t) performing autocorrelation processing:
and (3) carrying out spatial averaging:
after space averaging, the peak value is used as the space average sound energy R in the poolMAXAnd (3) correcting to sound source level sound energy A by using the correction quantity in the step (2):
A＝RMAX/Rc
the acoustic power is calculated by the following equation:
W＝AS/ρc
where S is the area and ρ c is the characteristic impedance of water.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention provides a pool measuring method of transient sound characteristics for the first time, and the pool measuring method is suitable for quantitative acoustic evaluation of transient sound.
(2) The measuring method has the advantages of good stability, easy realization of measuring conditions, high measuring efficiency and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a transient acoustic measurement principle;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating free-field, reverberant-field pulsed acoustic normalization of a received signal;
FIG. 3 is a measurement experiment system showing the sound power of pulsed sound radiation in a reverberation pool;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a reverberant pool impulse sound power spectrum;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a pulsed acoustic power spectrum of a muffled water pool;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the results of a first 10kHz fill of a different pulse width reverberation pool;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the results of a second 10kHz fill of a different pulse width reverberation pool;
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Method for measuring transient acoustic characteristics of underwater sound source in reverberation pool
The invention provides a method for measuring transient acoustic characteristics of an underwater sound source in a reverberation pool, which comprises the following steps: (1) distributing a standard sound source and a hydrophone array in a reverberation water pool: placing a known standard sound source in the pool at a distance from the pool wall greater than the lowest analysis frequency wavelength; hydrophones are distributed in the whole space of the pool, and the distance is not more than the minimum half wavelength; (2) enabling a known standard sound source to emit a steady-state broadband signal, and measuring the frequency domain sound field correction quantity of a reverberation pool; (3) replacing standard sound source emission with a transient sound source to be detected, and collecting time-domain sound pressure data; (4) performing power spectrum and space average processing on the time domain data of all array elements, and obtaining the radiation sound power frequency domain characteristic of the transient sound source to be detected by using the frequency domain sound field correction; (5) and performing autocorrelation and spatial averaging processing on the time domain data of all array elements, and obtaining the radiation sound power time domain characteristic of the transient sound source to be detected by using the sound field correction quantity. The invention provides an effective pool method for the quantitative acoustic evaluation and evaluation of transient sound. Compared with a free field measurement method and condition requirements, the measurement condition of the invention is easier to meet, the measurement efficiency is high, and the cost is low.
The application of the reverberation field originates from a reverberation chamber in air acoustics, and is widely applied to the measurement of the sound absorption coefficient of an acoustic material, the sound transmission loss of a building and the radiated sound power of a sound source. The experimental conditions and the measurement method in the reverberation pool are greatly different from those in a reverberation room, the sound field of the reverberation pool is more uneven, full-space acquisition is needed during measurement, and the interference influence of the boundary is eliminated by using a space technology.
The detection and measurement are greatly difficult when the steady-state radiation noise level of the underwater target is lower and lower. Transient sounds are increasingly becoming one of the main sources of exposure to underwater targets, and their duration is typically on the order of milliseconds. Generally, detection and measurement of transient sound are carried out in a free field, direct sound of the transient sound is measured, however, the condition of the free field cannot be achieved in an actual external field, a result obtained by measurement is modulated by a channel interface, and the external field measurement repeatability is poor under the influence of environment; the silencing water pool is limited by the low-frequency application of sound absorption materials, and the experimental conditions and the test cost are high. At present, the research on transient sound is limited to detecting, judging whether a signal exists or not and extracting.
For a steady-state sound source, the power of the steady-state sound source can be judged through a power spectrum, the processing information on a transient sound frequency domain is not sufficient, and the frequency points required on the frequency domain may not be fully displayed due to the fact that the duration is too short and the frequency resolution is not good enough. For transient sounds, we are more concerned about their characteristics in the time domain. The traditional external field and free field measurement for transient sound is limited by the above conditions, and we begin to find a measurement method for the transient sound in a reverberation pool. The reverberation water pool is more stable in measuring environment compared with an external field, and is small in low-frequency limit compared with a noise elimination water pool. For the time domain calculation method of power, since the autocorrelation and the power spectrum are fourier transform, we choose to start with the autocorrelation. Interference is a main interference term influencing the measurement of the reverberation pool, and the interference caused by the interference of normal waves of each order cannot be eliminated only by time averaging, so that sufficient space averaging is required to effectively eliminate the interference. Spatial averaging is required for both frequency and time domain processing methods.
At present, no method report for measuring transient sound characteristics by using a reverberation water pool is seen, and no analysis method report for representing transient sound characteristics by using sound power is seen.
The invention aims to obtain a method for accurately measuring the transient sound radiation sound power by using a reverberation water pool.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
distributing a standard sound source and a hydrophone array in a reverberation water pool: placing a known standard sound source in the pool at a distance from the pool wall greater than the lowest analysis frequency wavelength; the hydrophones are distributed in the whole space of the pool, and the distance between the hydrophones and the pool is not more than the minimum half wavelength. When the device is arranged, the device can be arranged by the linear arrays or the supports.
Enabling a known standard sound source to emit a steady-state broadband signal, and measuring the frequency domain sound field correction quantity of a reverberation pool;
fourier transform is carried out on the collected signals to obtain frequency domain sound pressure level, the frequency domain results of all hydrophones in the reverberation pool are superposed and then averaged (space average) to obtain space average sound pressure level<LP>：
Wherein N is the number of the distributed hydrophones,
the sound pressure level of the signal acquired for the nth hydrophone.
The following formula can be used to obtain the correction quantity 10log (R) from the space average sound pressure level of the reverberation pool to the sound source levelc)。
10log(Rc)＝<LP>-SL
RcThe reverberation time can also be used to find:
in the formula
From reverberation time T60And (6) obtaining.
(3) Replacing standard sound source emission with a transient sound source to be detected, and collecting time-domain sound pressure data;
(4) performing power spectrum calculation on time domain data of all array elements to obtain acoustic power level
And performing spatial averaging to obtain spatial average sound power level<LW>:
Obtaining the radiation sound power frequency domain characteristic of the transient sound source to be detected by using the frequency domain sound field correction quantity; after calculation, the correction quantity in (2) is used for correction to obtain the actual sound power level LW：
LW＝<LW>-10log(Rc)
(5) Time domain data f for all array elementsn(t) performing autocorrelation processing:
and performing spatial averaging:
after space averaging, the peak value is used as the space average sound energy R in the poolMAXAnd (3) correcting to sound source level sound energy A by using the correction quantity in the step (2):
A＝RMAX/Rc
the acoustic power can be calculated by the following equation:
W＝AS/ρc
where S is the area and ρ c is the characteristic impedance of water.
The invention provides a pool measuring method of transient sound characteristics for the first time, and the pool measuring method is suitable for quantitative acoustic evaluation of transient sound. The measuring method has the advantages of good stability, easy realization of measuring conditions, high measuring efficiency and the like.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the transient acoustic measurement principle
FIG. 2 illustrates a free-field, reverberant-field pulsed acoustic normalized received signal
FIG. 3 shows an experimental system for measuring the sound power of pulsed acoustic radiation in a reverberation pool
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the sound power spectrum of a reverberation pool
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a sound power spectrum of a sound-damping pool pulse sound
Referring to fig. 3, this embodiment is performed in a reverberation pool with a size of 15m × 9m × 6m, and its own characteristics such as reverberation time and the like are known in advance and can be obtained by table lookup.
The measurement was carried out according to the following procedure:
step a: hydrophone and transmit transducers were deployed according to the experimental environment as in FIG. 3, the hydrophone array used had 128 elements.
Step b: respectively carrying out power spectrum estimation on a steady-state broadband signal of 0-25 kHz emitted by a known standard sound source in a reverberation water pool and a silencing water pool, and carrying out space averaging in the reverberation water pool:
the two have different differences at different frequency points, and the correction amount can be obtained by using the following formula:
10log(Rc)＝<LP>-SL
the theoretical correction of the sound field is-6 dB.
Step c: transmitting a series of pulse trains with the size of 1Vpp and the frequency of 10kHz for 5ms to 20ms by using a signal source align 33522A, amplifying by 50dB through a power amplifier B & K2713, acting on a transmitting transducer, receiving by a hydrophone array distributed in the step a, and acquiring by a Donghua acquisition system DH 8306A. The normalized time domain signals of the 5ms signal in the free and reverberant fields are shown in fig. 1.
Step d: and processing by a frequency domain method to obtain the relative magnitude of the power. Taking a 5ms signal as an example, performing power spectrum calculation on each hydrophone data and each anechoic pool data in the reverberation pool by using a pwelch method, and performing spatial averaging on power spectra of 128 points in the reverberation pool:
the spatially averaged power spectra are shown in fig. 4 and 5, respectively. The measured acoustic power level can be obtained by the following formula:
LW＝<LW>-(-6)
from the results of the data on the graph, the reverberant field measurement differs from the free field measurement by 0.2 dB.
Step f: processing in the time domain is performed. Respectively carrying out autocorrelation processing on data acquired by 128 hydrophones in a reverberation pool, and then carrying out spatial averaging:
the peak value of the obtained autocorrelation curve at the point with the abscissa of 0 is the spatial average sound energy R radiated by the sound sourceMAXAnd after the correction quantity is used for correcting to the sound energy A of the sound source, the sound power is calculated, and the unit radius spherical surface is taken as the area.
A＝RMAX/Rc
W＝AS/ρc
According to the above series of processing procedures, the acoustic power level L of the experimental dataWThe treatment results are shown in tables 1 and 2. It can be seen that the error is within the allowable range, the processing method in the time domain is more general and the physical meaning is more definite for the transient sound. The method can well fill the blank of transient acoustic measurement.
Claims (1)
1. The method for measuring the characteristics of the transient sound source in the reverberation pool is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) distributing a standard sound source and a hydrophone array in a reverberation water pool; placing a known standard sound source in the pool at a distance from the pool wall greater than the wavelength of the lowest analysis frequency; hydrophones are distributed in the whole space of the pool, and the distance is maximally equal to the minimum half wavelength; when the linear array is laid, the linear array and the support are laid singly;
(2) enabling a known standard sound source to emit a steady-state broadband signal, and measuring the frequency domain sound field correction quantity of a reverberation pool;
(3) replacing standard sound source emission with a transient sound source to be detected, and collecting time-domain sound pressure data;
(4) calculating the sound power level by performing power spectrum on the time domain data of all array elements
And performing spatial averaging to obtain spatial average sound power level<LW>；
(5) Time domain data f for all array elementsn(t) performing autocorrelation processing;
the making of the known standard sound source to emit a steady-state broadband signal and measuring the frequency domain sound field correction amount of the reverberation pool comprises:
fourier transform is carried out on the collected signals to obtain frequency domain sound pressure levels, and the frequency domain results of all hydrophones in the reverberation pool are superposed and then are subjected to space averaging to obtain space average sound pressure levels<LP>：
Wherein N is the number of the distributed hydrophones,
the sound pressure level of the signal collected for the nth hydrophone;
the correction amount from the spatial average sound pressure level of the reverberation pool to the sound source level is 10log (R) obtained by the following formulac)
10log(Rc)＝<LP>-SL
In the formula
From reverberation time T60Obtaining;
calculating the sound power level by performing power spectrum on the time domain data of all array elements
And performing spatial averaging to obtain spatial average sound power level<LW>The method comprises the following steps:
spatial average sound power level<LW>：
Wherein N is the number of the distributed hydrophones,
is the acoustic power level;
obtaining the radiation sound power frequency domain characteristic of the transient sound source to be detected by using the frequency domain sound field correction quantity; correcting by using the correction quantity in the step (2) to obtain the actual sound power level LW：
LW＝<LW>-10log(Rc)；
The time domain data f of all array elementsn(t) performing autocorrelation processing, including:
fn(t) performing autocorrelation processing:
and (3) carrying out spatial averaging:
the peak value of the space averaged sound is used as the space averaged sound energy R in the poolMAXBy usingCorrecting the correction quantity in the step (2) to sound source level sound energy A:
A＝RMAX/Rc
the acoustic power is calculated by the following equation:
W＝AS/ρc
where S is the area and ρ c is the characteristic impedance of water.
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