CN107014906A - A kind of new method for measuring underwater sound passive material reflectance factor - Google Patents
A kind of new method for measuring underwater sound passive material reflectance factor Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/11—Analysing solids by measuring attenuation of acoustic waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/32—Arrangements for suppressing undesired influences, e.g. temperature or pressure variations, compensating for signal noise
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of new method for measuring underwater sound passive material reflectance factor.The present invention regards single transducer as the point sound source in virtual source end-fired array, the low frequency signal needed for transmitting.Transmitting transducer launches low-frequency sound wave in initial position, and sound wave is received by hydrophone.Transmitting transducer is moved horizontally to the next position again, the corresponding phase mass of transmission signal is changed according to displacement, with hydrophone receiving record signal.The present invention can be measured under non-free sound field environment, it is simultaneously not high to experimental facilities and environmental requirement, the interference that boundary echo and sample edge diffraction waves can effectively be eliminated, the directive property for lifting launching beam main lobe, the energy for improving transmitting sound wave, enhancing signal to noise ratio, lower reverberation, so that actual underwater acoustic properties of the obtained experimental result of measurement closer to sample.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of technical field of measurement and test, and in particular to a kind of new to be used to measure underwater sound passive material low frequency
The method of acoustic performance.
Background technology
With the process of World Economics global integration, the military competition between every country also becomes more and more fierce.
Operation weapons, as a very important part in naval strategy, have important deterrence to make to submarine etc. in navy fight under water
With.But submarine has been given play to the military benefit of powerful disguised, big lethal power, the underwater hidden performance of itself is then
Become particularly important.The underwater hidden performance of submarine is mainly determined by the sound eliminating tile material for being covered in its surface, as sonar is visited
The continuous improvement continued to develop with detectivity of survey technology, its disguise is by serious challenge.
In recent years since, because low-frequency sound wave is decayed not seriously in marine exploration, the army of the world such as the U.S. and Russia
Thing power is used as underwater submarine using low-frequency acoustic signal and carries out the major technique of remote probe, and develops into sonar contact
The main direction of studying of technology, is largely used in submarine is scouted at a distance under water.Therefore, the working frequency of underwater acoustic materials
Start to develop to low frequency, and when studying the low frequency acoustic performance of underwater acoustic materials, how corresponding effectively measures material low
Acoustic performance under frequency signal also becomes an important research.
The acoustical behavior measuring method of existing underwater sound passive material is stricter to testing equipment and environmental requirement, to measurement
The requirement of environment is disturbed the boundary echo that reduces the water surface and bottom surface close to free found field so that measurement result it is accurate
Degree is had been further upgraded.If this method is measured in the case where interference is than more serious environment, the letter of obtained reception signal
Make an uproar than can also decline, in signal to noise ratio than in the case of relatively low, the stability of measurement process can also decline therewith.
And in reality measurement, with the decline of frequency, due to sound absorption of the sound-absorbing material to low-frequency sound wave of environment
Limited in one's ability, the boundary echo interference of low-frequency sound wave can not be ignored.The calculated results and reality under free found field environment
The experimental result that border measurement is obtained is certain to some error, and when being measured using typical measuring method, it is right
Limited in the measurement capability of frequency acoustic performance, when measurement frequency is gradually reduced, the main lobe angle of transmitted wave can be increasing,
That is with the decline of measurement frequency, the directive property of launching beam can be worse and worse.
Because the size of tested sample will not be infinitely great, therefore when the wave beam angle of release of transmitting sound wave is more than tested sample most
During large scale, sound wave can get to the edge of tested sample, and the diffracted wave that edge is produced can influence the correctness of measurement result.
The content of the invention
The present invention new is used to measure underwater sound passive material all-bottom sound for supplying for prior art there is provided a kind of
The method of energy.
To solve problem above, the present invention comprises the following steps：
(1) transmission signal is generated.Transmitting transducer is moved to the initiating terminal of " virtual end-fired array ", i.e., from hydrophone most long distance
From place, trigger signal uses pulse modulated sine wave signal, inputs tranmitting frequency f, and voltage is set to 2Vpp, pulse wave period
T=100ms, launches wave number at least two cycle, start-phase is 0.
(2) conditioning instrumentation.Trigger signal in observation oscilloscope, if correctly, power amplifier is opened, gain
It is adjusted to optimal, the optimal input impedance that regulation matches.Wave filter is opened simultaneously, frequency filtering bound is selected, and eliminates power frequency
Interference, selects corresponding multiplication factor, waveform is more easy to observation.The reception signal obtained in regulation oscillograph, treats that waveform reaches
Stable state, screen printing waveform, is preserved with data mode, is used as first point of experimental data of end-fired array.
(3) pointwise timesharing is measured.Move transducer using the walking mechanism on water tank, moved during general measure λ/4 or λ/
2, if institute's measured frequency is 10kHz, that is, move 3.75 or 7.5cm.Then change corresponding according to known transducer displacement d
Phase mass △ θ=360 ° of d/ λ *, regulation scope horizontal movement receives signal wave so that △ T=d*T/ λ, treats that waveform reaches surely
State, screen printing waveform simultaneously preserves data, obtains the experimental data of end-fired array second point, and wherein λ is wavelength, T=1/f.According to
Above-mentioned steps, by that analogy, up to transmitting transducer to virtual end-fired array terminal position.
(4) calculating of virtual end-fired array method reflectance factor.Data acquisition can be finished, obtained by above step
Wave data during pointwise timesharing measurement is carried out in the range of array length.If since starting point, the data each put are A1、A2…AN,
Wherein end-fired array middle data is AN/2.Then incident superposition ripple AiWith reflection superposition ripple ArIt can be calculated and obtained by formula (1) and (2)：
The processing of each point data weighting is added to end-fired array midpoint, wherein a be virtual end-fired array end to hydrophone away from
From b is hydrophone to sample distance, and d is the distance between end-fired array midpoint array element.Then from incident superposition ripple AiIn read into
Ejected wave acoustic pressure pi, reflection superposition ripple ArMiddle reading back wave acoustic pressure pr.Then sample reflectance factor rpIt can be calculated and obtained by (3)：
Wherein L is distance of the sample to end-fired array midpoint.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：The present invention, which is devised, a kind of new to be used to measure underwater sound passive material all-bottom sound
The measuring method of performance, the measuring method can be measured under non-free sound field environment, while to experimental facilities and environmental requirement
It is not high, it can effectively eliminate boundary echo and the interference of sample edge diffraction waves, the directive property for lifting launching beam main lobe, raising
Launch the energy of sound wave, enhancing signal to noise ratio, lower reverberation, so that actual water of the obtained experimental result of measurement closer to sample
Acoustic performance.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the conceptual schematic drawing of virtual end-fired array technology.
Fig. 2 is that waveform in-phase stacking handles schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the underwater acoustic materials acoustical behavior test system schematic diagram of virtual end-fired array technology.
Fig. 4 is incident superposition ripple oscillogram.
Fig. 5 is measurement of the steel plate value and theoretical value comparison diagram.
Fig. 6 is aluminium sheet measured value and theoretical value comparison diagram.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The present invention simulates a kind of transmitting battle array of similar linear array arrangement to eliminate interference of the boundary echo to direct wave.
The design of virtual end-fired array skill is as shown in Figure 1.Single transducer is regarded as the point sound source in virtual source end-fired array, transmitting is real
Test required low frequency signal.Transmitting transducer launches low-frequency sound wave in initial position 1, and sound wave is received by hydrophone.Again will transmitting
Transducer is moved horizontally to position 2, changes the corresponding phase mass of transmission signal according to displacement X, uses hydrophone receiving record
Signal.If each displacement is X, the corresponding phase increment of transmission signal is 2 π X/ λ, obtains the received wave of diverse location
Shape, wherein λ are transmitting wave length of sound.In transducer moving process, because magnitudes of acoustic waves is inversely proportional to propagation distance, it is therefore desirable to right
The reception wave amplitude of N number of position is weighted processing, and processing method need to only be multiplied by the received wave data after movement transducer shifting
Move the ratio between front and rear propagation distance.
The received wave for being weighted processing is finally carried out in-phase stacking processing, processing mode is as shown in Figure 2.Assuming that position
The start-phase of the sound wave of 1 transmitting is 0, if each mobile 1/2nd wavelength of transducer, mobile transducer changes to position 2
Transmitted wave start-phase is π, because the received wave start-phase of two positions is different, to enable two train wave in-phase stackings, position 2
Received wave delay two/a cycle, i.e. T1-T2=T/2.When transducer from position 2 is moved to position 3, change transmitted wave
Start-phase is 2 π, then position 1 and the same phase in position 3, and T1=T3, as shown in the figure.Similarly, the phase difference of position 4 and position 1 is
π, delay received wave causes T1-T4=T/2, by that analogy, presses upper type such as by the received wave of N number of position and arranges, data are carried out
Overlaid waveforms are obtained after superposition, data needed for experiment are read.
Embodiment：
The arrangement of test system is as shown in Figure 3.Test and enter in a size is 3.86m × 1.2m × 1.1m steel body water tank
OK.Equipment needed for experiment has signal source, power amplifier, wave filter, oscillograph, transducer, hydrophone, and transmitting transducer is used
The spherical transducer of non-directive wave beam, the small radius of a ball is 1.5cm, and measurement signal to noise ratio is more than 30dB.Receiving hydrophone is spherical
Standard hydrophone, the small radius of a ball is 2cm, and the receiving sensitivity when tranmitting frequency is 1~30kHz is more than 200dB, with preferable
Time, temperature stability.Transmitting transducer and receiving hydrophone are placed at depth of water 0.5m, away from water tank wall identity distance from for
0.7m.Sample is placed in water tank, makes its measured surface apart from water tank wall certain distance, to ensure sample back wave
Separated with wall back wave, while allowing sample central point and hydrophone and 3 points of transducer on the same line, improve measurement knot
The accuracy of fruit.
Practical measuring examples 1
Sample is a size 1m × 1m square polyesters wedge absorber material, thick 0.25m；The measurement frequency of reflectance factor
Scope is respectively 5k~20kHz, is spaced 2kHz.In depth of water 1m, physical dimension is enters in 4m × 1.4m × 1.1m steel body water tank
Water-filling sound measurement is tested.The variable of under given frequency " virtual end-fired array " used is determined using theoretical calculation and emulation experiment,
Variable includes array length, each displacement of transducer.
Measuring process includes the following steps：
(1) transmission signal is generated.Transmitting transducer is moved to the initiating terminal of " virtual end-fired array ", i.e., from hydrophone most long distance
From place, trigger signal uses pulse modulated sine wave signal, inputs tranmitting frequency f, and voltage is set to 2Vpp, pulse wave period
T=100ms, launches wave number at least two cycle, start-phase is 0.
(2) conditioning instrumentation.Trigger signal in observation oscilloscope, if correctly, power amplifier is opened, gain
It is adjusted to optimal, the optimal input impedance that regulation matches.Wave filter is opened simultaneously, frequency filtering bound is selected, and eliminates power frequency
Interference, selects corresponding multiplication factor, waveform is more easy to observation.The reception signal obtained in regulation oscillograph, treats that waveform reaches
Stable state, screen printing waveform, is preserved with data mode, is used as first point of experimental data of end-fired array.
(3) pointwise timesharing is measured.Move transducer using the walking mechanism on water tank, moved during general measure λ/4 or λ/
2, if institute's measured frequency is 10kHz, that is, the walking mechanism precision installed on 3.75 or 7.5cm, water tank is moved up to 0.01cm, is met
Requirement of experiment.Then corresponding phase mass △ θ=360 ° of d/ λ * are changed according to known transducer displacement d, adjusts oscillography
Device moves horizontally reception signal wave so that △ T=d*T/ λ, treats that waveform reaches stable state, screen printing waveform simultaneously preserves data, obtained
To the experimental data of end-fired array second point, wherein λ is wavelength, T=1/f.According to above-mentioned steps, by that analogy, until transmitting is changed
Can device to virtual end-fired array terminal position.
(4) calculating of virtual end-fired array method echo reduction.Data acquisition can be finished, obtained by above step
Wave data during pointwise timesharing measurement is carried out in the range of array length.If since starting point, the data each put are A1、A2…AN,
Wherein end-fired array middle data is AN/2.Then incident superposition ripple AiWith reflection superposition ripple ArIt can be calculated and obtained by formula (1) and (2)：
The processing of each point data weighting is added to end-fired array midpoint, wherein a be virtual end-fired array end to hydrophone away from
From b is hydrophone to sample distance, and d is the distance between end-fired array midpoint array element.Then from incident superposition ripple AiIn read into
Ejected wave acoustic pressure pi, reflection superposition ripple ArMiddle reading back wave acoustic pressure pr.Then sample reflectance factor rpE is reduced with echorCan by (3) and
(4) calculate and obtain
Er=-20log | rp| (4)
Wherein L is distance of the sample to end-fired array midpoint.
When measurement frequency is 5kHz, array length used is 5 times of wavelength, and each displacement of transducer is 0.2 times of ripple
Long, transmitting pulse wave width is 4 cycles, hydrophone to the wavelength that sample distance is 2 times.Transmitting is tried to achieve by amplitude method of comparison
Transducer is operated in the transient state triggered time of the pulse signal in resonant frequency, and direct wave and sample in reception signal are obtained with this
The start time point of back wave.Due to there is the waveform of a cycle not to be superimposed completely during the in-phase stacking of waveform,
Therefore effective direct wave and sample back wave in 3 cycles are only included in the superposition ripple obtained.3 obtained complete cycles
There are two amplitude deviations larger in direct wave, the stable state wave amplitude for taking the first two complete can be given up put into effect and test data, sample reflection
Wave amplitude is then more uniform.Measurement result is as shown in Figure 4.
Calculate sample reflectance factor：Calculation formula isAr represents the signal voltage amplitude reflected through sample, and Ai is
The voltage magnitude of incoming signal.And the average amplitude of direct wave is taken as the voltage magnitude of incoming signal, back wave of materialsing
Average amplitude is used as the signal voltage amplitude reflected through sample.During average amplitude is read, the direct wave in overlaid waveforms
10% is respectively less than with sample reflex amplitude inequality degree.Measure reflection R=0.170.
Practical measuring examples 2
The steel plate that a block size is 1m × 0.7m × 0.005m is measured, experiment light plate density is 7800kg/m3, compressional wave sound
Speed is 5500m/s, and measurement frequency is 12-30kHz, measurement frequency interval 2kHz, Experimental Water Tank size be 3.86m × 1.2m ×
1.1m.The step of specific reading back wave is with incidence wave amplitude is being discussed above, is not repeated herein, measures the reality of steel plate
Test, water surface elevation 0.7m, by emulation and theoretical calculation, determine the measurement low-frequency minimum as 12kHz of steel plate, hydrophone and void
The minimum distance of the minimum distance about 0.2m of the end of plan end-fired array, hydrophone and sample is (X+1)/2, and wherein X is transmitting arteries and veins
The total length of punching, it is because because the transient state of pulse signal triggers influence, need to increase between direct wave and sample back wave plus 1
The time of a cycle is lost, that is, if measurement frequency is also lower than 12kHz, then measurement error can become big.Therefore, only survey
12-30kHz data are measured, the pulse wave number that wherein 12kHz and 14kHz launches is 4, and 16 to 30kHz wave numbers be 5, tool
The variable of each Frequency point of body is no longer described in detail here.Measurement data is as shown in figure 5, it can be seen that on the whole, virtual terminal
Penetrating gust measured value and theoretical value has preferably identical, and in 14-30kHz frequency ranges, virtual end-fired array measured value has with theoretical value
It coincide well, virtual end-fired array mean error is 0.07dB.During 12kHz, virtual end-fired array measurement error has 0.24dB, end-fire
Battle array error when increasing when main cause is theory deduction the emulation of virtual end-fired array suddenly and calculating using end-fired array midpoint to be equivalent in
The heart, emulates the angle when beam angle taken declines 6dB for peak response, causes before measurement low-frequency minimum, also one small portion
The sound wave divided can produce slight diffraction interference at steel plate edge.But generally, measurement accuracy is higher than conventional method, illustrate this side
Method is effective.
Practical measuring examples 3
One piece of diameter 50cm, thick 8mm circular aluminium sheet are measured, aluminium sheet density is 2710kg/m3, longitudinal wave velocity is 6260m/
S, Experimental Water Tank size is 3.86m × 1.2m × 1.1m, the high 1m of the water surface.By theoretical simulation with calculating, the measurement of aluminium sheet is determined
Low-frequency minimum is 18KHz, measurement frequency 12-30kHz, hydrophone and the minimum distance about 0.2m of the end of virtual end-fired array, water
The minimum distance for listening device and sample is (X+1)/2, and wherein X is exomonental total length, and it is because due to pulse signal plus 1
Transient state triggering influence, the time that need to increase a cycle between direct wave and sample back wave is lost, that is, if surveys
Amount frequency is also lower than 18kHz, then measurement error can become big.Measurement data is as shown in fig. 6, measurement result also demonstrates this point.
In the range of 18-30kHz, measurement error very little always, mean error only has 0.06dB, and below 18kHz, measurement error increases suddenly
Greatly, main cause also wants diffraction interference entrance.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of new method for measuring underwater sound passive material reflectance factor, it is characterised in that this method includes following step
Suddenly：
(1) transmission signal is generated
Transmitting transducer is moved to the initiating terminal of virtual end-fired array, i.e., from hydrophone maximum distance at, trigger signal uses pulse
The sine wave signal of modulation；
(2) conditioning instrumentation
Trigger signal in observation oscilloscope, if correctly, opening power amplifier, is adjusted to gain most preferably, to adjust phase
The optimal input impedance of matching；Wave filter is opened simultaneously, frequency filtering bound is selected, Hz noise is eliminated, and selection is corresponding
Multiplication factor, makes waveform be more easy to observation；The reception signal obtained in regulation oscillograph, treats that waveform reaches stable state, screen printing ripple
Shape, is preserved with data mode, is used as the experimental data of virtual first point of end-fired array；
(3) pointwise timesharing is measured
Transmitting transducer is moved using the walking mechanism on water tank, corresponding phase is changed according to known transducer displacement d
Position amount Δ θ=360 ° of d/ λ *, regulation scope horizontal movement receives signal wave so that Δ T=d*T/ λ, treats that waveform reaches stable state,
Screen printing waveform simultaneously preserves data, obtains the experimental data of second point, and wherein λ is wavelength, T=1/f；According to above-mentioned steps,
By that analogy, until transmitting transducer to virtual end-fired array terminal position, i.e., from hydrophone minimum distance at；
(4) reflectance factor is calculated
Just data acquisition is finished by above step, obtains carrying out waveform number during pointwise timesharing measurement in the range of array length
According to；If since starting point, the data each put are A1、A2…AN, wherein end-fired array middle data is AN/2；Then incident superposition ripple
AiWith reflection superposition ripple ArIt can be calculated and obtained by formula (1) and (2)：
Each point data weighting is handled into the end-fired array midpoint that is added to, wherein a is virtual end-fired array end to the distance of hydrophone, b
For hydrophone to sample distance, d is the distance between end-fired array midpoint array element；
Then from incident superposition ripple AiMiddle reading incidence wave acoustic pressure pi, reflection superposition ripple ArMiddle reading back wave acoustic pressure pr；Then sample
Reflectance factor rpIt can be calculated and obtained by (3)：
Wherein L is distance of the sample to end-fired array midpoint.
2. a kind of new method for measuring underwater sound passive material reflectance factor according to claim 1, its feature
It is：The voltage of sine wave signal is set to 2Vpp, and cycle T=100ms launches wave number at least two cycle, start-phase is 0.
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Cited By (7)
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| CN108519431A (en) * | 2018-03-21 | 2018-09-11 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of device and method measuring acoustic stimulation high frequency normal direction reflectance factor |
| CN109001297A (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2018-12-14 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Large sample underwater acoustic materials acoustical reflection factor measurement method based on single vector hydrophone |
| CN109238436A (en) * | 2018-09-01 | 2019-01-18 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | The measurement method of transient acoustical source characteristic in reverberation tank |
| CN109884646A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-06-14 | 广东志成冠军集团有限公司 | A kind of high accuracy remote subaqueous sound ranging method based on the capture of low frequency and continuous sound wave peak value |
| CN110988850A (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2020-04-10 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一五研究所 | Target scattering-based transducer directivity measurement method and device |
| CN111337861A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2020-06-26 | 江西科技学院 | Method for eliminating power frequency interference for magnetic variable measurement |
| CN112834623A (en) * | 2021-01-06 | 2021-05-25 | 浙江大学 | Acoustic covering layer echo reduction measurement method based on compressed sensing technology |
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| CN108519431A (en) * | 2018-03-21 | 2018-09-11 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of device and method measuring acoustic stimulation high frequency normal direction reflectance factor |
| CN108519431B (en) * | 2018-03-21 | 2020-09-11 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Device and method for measuring high-frequency normal reflection coefficient of acoustic covering layer |
| CN109001297A (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2018-12-14 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Large sample underwater acoustic materials acoustical reflection factor measurement method based on single vector hydrophone |
| CN109001297B (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2020-11-03 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Method for measuring acoustic reflection coefficient of large-sample underwater acoustic material based on single-vector hydrophone |
| CN109238436A (en) * | 2018-09-01 | 2019-01-18 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | The measurement method of transient acoustical source characteristic in reverberation tank |
| CN109238436B (en) * | 2018-09-01 | 2020-09-25 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Method for measuring transient sound source characteristics in reverberation pool |
| CN109884646A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-06-14 | 广东志成冠军集团有限公司 | A kind of high accuracy remote subaqueous sound ranging method based on the capture of low frequency and continuous sound wave peak value |
| CN110988850A (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2020-04-10 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一五研究所 | Target scattering-based transducer directivity measurement method and device |
| CN110988850B (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2023-08-15 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一五研究所 | Target scattering-based transducer directivity measurement method and device |
| CN111337861A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2020-06-26 | 江西科技学院 | Method for eliminating power frequency interference for magnetic variable measurement |
| CN112834623A (en) * | 2021-01-06 | 2021-05-25 | 浙江大学 | Acoustic covering layer echo reduction measurement method based on compressed sensing technology |
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