CN109235463B - Method for rapidly and ecologically restoring side slope of waste quarry - Google Patents
Method for rapidly and ecologically restoring side slope of waste quarry Download PDFInfo
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- CN109235463B CN109235463B CN201811044210.5A CN201811044210A CN109235463B CN 109235463 B CN109235463 B CN 109235463B CN 201811044210 A CN201811044210 A CN 201811044210A CN 109235463 B CN109235463 B CN 109235463B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D15/00—Handling building or like materials for hydraulic engineering or foundations
- E02D15/02—Handling of bulk concrete specially for foundation or hydraulic engineering purposes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2300/00—Materials
- E02D2300/0004—Synthetics
- E02D2300/0018—Cement used as binder
- E02D2300/002—Concrete
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2300/00—Materials
- E02D2300/0037—Clays
- E02D2300/0039—Clays mixed with additives
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
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- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
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Abstract
A method for rapidly and ecologically restoring a side slope of a waste quarry comprises a concrete spraying construction system and a foreign soil spraying construction system; the concrete spraying construction system comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle, a fixed support, a concrete sprayer and a concrete conveying assembly, wherein the concrete conveying assembly is connected with the concrete sprayer, and the concrete sprayer is connected with the unmanned aerial vehicle through the fixed support; the foreign soil spray-seeding construction system comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle, a fixed support, a slurry spray head and a slurry conveying assembly, wherein the slurry conveying assembly is connected with the slurry spray head, and the slurry spray head is connected with the unmanned aerial vehicle through the fixed support. Adopt above-mentioned device of quick ecological remediation of abandonment quarry side slope. The invention has the advantages of safe construction, high working efficiency, lower construction cost and the like. The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a method for quickly restoring the ecology of a side slope of a waste quarry.
Background
The side slope of the abandoned quarry is formed by damaging a mountain body in the process of stone mining, and because soil, water and organic matters on the surface of the side slope are lack, the water and soil loss degree is serious, and vegetation is extremely difficult to recover under natural conditions. The large-area exposure of the side slope of the abandoned quarry can influence the healthy development of the local ecological environment and the circulation of information, energy and the like among the vegetation in the area. Therefore, the ecological restoration technology of the side slope of the abandoned quarry is receiving more and more attention. Ecological restoration of the side slope of the abandoned quarry is a systematic and comprehensive process, is a comprehensive scientific technology integrating the subjects of rock engineering, botany, soil science, ecology restoration, water and soil conservation, landscape ecology and the like, and not only requires the stability and the safety of the side slope of the quarry to be ensured, but also requires a healthy, stable and sustainable ecological system to be gradually established.
At present, the concrete spraying technology is widely applied to the treatment of rock slopes. The concrete spraying technology is used for spraying concrete through high pressure, so that the sprayed concrete is invaded into a crack of a side slope rock mass, joints are sealed, a structural surface and an aspect are reinforced, the integrity and the self-bearing capacity of the side slope rock mass are improved, the development of side slope deformation is restrained, the side slope rock mass is prevented from loosening and collapsing, and the stability and the safety of the side slope rock mass are enhanced. On the other hand, the technique of spraying foreign soil is widely applied to the revegetation of the side slope. The alien soil spray-seeding technology mixes the foundation of plant growth, namely soil, organic base materials, binding agents, water-retaining agents, fertilizers, acid-base regulators, seeds and the like according to a certain proportion, mechanically and fully stirs the mixture evenly, and sprays the mixture to a slope surface by utilizing the power provided by an alien soil spray-seeding machine to form a soil layer for plant growth, and after the seeds germinate and grow into a lawn, the aims of reconstructing a vegetation ecosystem and a biological slope protection can be achieved. Regarding ecological restoration of the side slope of the abandoned quarry, the following problems exist by adopting the traditional concrete spraying technology and the foreign soil spraying technology. Firstly, abandonment quarry slope is generally steep higher, spouts concrete and foreign soil spray-seeding construction need at first set up the scaffold, and the workman stands and carries out the injection construction operation at the handheld shower nozzle on the scaffold. The construction safety problem in the spraying process is very prominent due to the poor overall stability of the side slope of the abandoned quarry and the possibility of falling rocks in local parts. Secondly, in the concrete spraying and soil dressing spraying construction process, the spray head needs to be moved by manual operation of workers, and the defects of low working efficiency and high labor cost exist.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a method for quickly and ecologically restoring the side slope of the abandoned quarry, which is safe in construction and high in working efficiency.
A method for quickly and ecologically restoring a side slope of a waste quarry comprises the following steps:
jetting the side slope of the quarry with high pressure wind and water;
carrying out concrete spraying construction on the slope surface, wherein the concrete spraying construction comprises (1) spraying concrete on the slope surface by adopting a concrete spraying construction system, and (2) carrying out atomization, watering and curing by using a wet spraying machine after the concrete is sprayed for final setting for 2 hours for 14 days;
carrying out soil dressing spray-seeding construction on the slope surface, wherein the soil dressing spray-seeding construction comprises (1) fully watering 1-2 times to keep a concrete layer of the wet slope surface, and (2) spraying soil dressing on the concrete layer on the slope surface by adopting a soil dressing spray-seeding construction system; (3) carrying out water spraying maintenance on the slope surface of the side slope to ensure that the slope surface is always kept moist before the emergence of grass seeds and in the growth stage of seedlings;
the concrete spraying construction system comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle, a fixed support, a concrete sprayer and a concrete conveying assembly, wherein the concrete conveying assembly is connected with the concrete sprayer, and the concrete sprayer is connected with the unmanned aerial vehicle through the fixed support; the foreign soil spray-seeding construction system comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle, a fixed support, a slurry spray head and a slurry conveying assembly, wherein the slurry conveying assembly is connected with the slurry spray head, and the slurry spray head is connected with the unmanned aerial vehicle through the fixed support;
the concrete comprises cement, sand, cement ash and an accelerator: wherein the weight ratio of cement to sand is 1.0: 3.0, the water-cement weight ratio is 0.45, and the mixing amount of the accelerator is 3 percent of the cement amount; and stirring the materials of the concrete by using a stirrer for not less than 3 minutes.
Preferably, the fixed support is detachably connected with the concrete sprayer and the slurry sprayer.
Preferably, the unmanned aerial vehicle controls the unmanned aerial vehicle to carry the concrete sprayer and the slurry sprayer by using the radio remote control equipment to realize ultra-low altitude flight and flight according to a preset air route.
Preferably, the concrete conveying assembly comprises a concrete sprayer and a concrete conveying pipe, one end of the concrete conveying pipe is connected with the concrete sprayer, and a concrete sprayer is installed at the other end of the concrete conveying pipe.
Preferably, the foreign soil conveying assembly comprises a foreign soil spraying and seeding machine and a slurry conveying pipe, one end of the slurry conveying pipe is connected with the foreign soil spraying and seeding machine, and a slurry spray head is installed at the other end of the slurry conveying pipe.
Preferably, the alien soil comprises grass seeds, soil, a water-retaining agent, an adhesive, an organic fertilizer, a quick-acting fertilizer and a long-acting fertilizer, the soil is loose, water-permeable and organic substance-containing soil, and the alien soil is stirred and mixed for not less than 3 minutes.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: in the concrete spraying and soil dressing spraying construction process, the spray head is moved by the aid of the unmanned aerial vehicle, scaffold erection and manual spraying operation are avoided, and accordingly construction safety is greatly improved; the unmanned aerial vehicle spray seeding has high working efficiency, reduces the labor cost, and is convenient to construct and low in cost; the fixed support and the spray head are detachably connected, so that the same unmanned aerial vehicle can be utilized in different construction stages, and the spray head and the unmanned aerial vehicle can be conveniently connected and detached; the flight track of the unmanned aerial vehicle is controlled through wireless remote control, so that the speed and the direction of spray seeding are controlled, the spray seeding is more favorably controlled, and the slope surface of a spray seeding slope is more uniform and faster; after the concrete and the foreign soil are sprayed, the slope surface of the side slope is maintained by spraying water, so that small grass grows on the repaired slope surface, and the effect of slope repair is better.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a shotcrete construction system.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a foreign soil spray-seeding construction system.
The system comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle 1, a fixed support 2, a concrete sprayer 3, a concrete conveying pipe 4, a concrete sprayer 5, a slurry sprayer 6, a slurry conveying pipe 7, a foreign soil spraying and seeding machine 8, a truck 9 and a quarry side slope 10.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In this embodiment, a side slope of a waste quarry is taken as an example for explanation, the maximum side slope height of the side slope of the quarry is about 35m, the side slope is a rock side slope, and bedrock is exposed in a large area.
The invention is adopted to carry out rapid ecological restoration on the side slope of the quarry.
Firstly, the side slope of the abandoned quarry is flushed by high-pressure wind and water. So that the high-pressure wind and water impact and wash the sprayed surface of the side slope. The slope rock surface of the embodiment does not have the problems of deliquescence and argillization when meeting water. Can carry out high-pressure geomantic omen with the help of unmanned aerial vehicle, high-pressure waterwheel and shower nozzle and wash quarry side slope, wash floating dust, detritus, need not set up the scaffold.
And secondly, spraying concrete on the slope surface. The construction device adopts the concrete spraying construction system. As shown in fig. 1, the concrete spraying construction system comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle 1, a fixed support 2, a concrete sprayer 5, a concrete sprayer 3 and a concrete conveying pipe 4. One end of the concrete conveying pipe is connected with the concrete sprayer, and the other end of the concrete conveying pipe is provided with the concrete sprayer. The concrete nozzle is connected with the unmanned aerial vehicle through the fixed support. Fixed bolster 2 is used for fixing concrete pipe 4 and concrete nozzle 3 on unmanned aerial vehicle 1. The unmanned aerial vehicle 1 is controlled and operated by utilizing a radio remote control device and a self-contained program control device, has the functions of ultra-low altitude flight and flight according to a preset air route, and realizes that the unmanned aerial vehicle carries a concrete sprayer and a slurry sprayer to perform ultra-low altitude flight and flight according to the preset air route. The concrete sprayer 5 sprays concrete out through the concrete conveying pipe 4 and the concrete sprayer 3 in the construction process. Under unmanned aerial vehicle's flight, drive concrete conveying pipe, concrete nozzle and spray the concrete on domatic.
The concrete spraying construction of the slope surface specifically comprises the following steps:
first, concrete is prepared. And selecting a proper concrete mixing proportion, and stirring and transporting the mixed materials. The concrete spraying construction method comprises a dry method and a wet method, and the wet method is adopted in the embodiment. The concrete mixing proportion is as follows: the weight ratio of cement to sand is 1.0: 3.0, the weight ratio of water to cement is 0.45, and the mixing amount of the accelerator is 3 percent of the using amount of the cement. The sprayed concrete mixture is stirred for not less than 3 minutes by a drum mixer and then transported and loaded into the hopper of the concrete sprayer 5.
And secondly, performing concrete spraying operation. First, a shotcrete construction system is installed. Then, the drone 1 carries the concrete sprayer 3 in place. The concrete sprayer 5 is opened, and the operation procedure is as follows: opening accelerator auxiliary air → slowly opening main air valve → starting accelerator metering pump, main motor and vibrator. Finally, the concrete sprayer 3 is moved by means of the unmanned aerial vehicle 1 for continuous spraying, and the movement of the unmanned aerial vehicle 1 is controlled by means of a radio remote control device. In the concrete spraying operation process, when the concrete mixture is insufficient, the mixed concrete mixture is filled into a hopper of the concrete spraying machine 5.
And thirdly, spraying concrete for maintenance. After the sprayed concrete is finally set for 2 hours, the spray head is moved by an unmanned aerial vehicle, and a spray wetting machine is used for atomization, sprinkling and curing, wherein the curing time is 14 days.
Thirdly, after the concrete spraying maintenance is finished, carrying out the soil dressing spraying construction on the slope surface. The construction device adopts the foreign soil spray-seeding construction system. As shown in fig. 2, the foreign soil spray-seeding construction system comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle 1, a fixed support 2, a foreign soil spray-seeding machine 8, a slurry spray head 6, a slurry delivery pipe 7 and a truck 9. The unmanned aerial vehicle 1 and the fixed support 2 adopt the same set of equipment with the concrete spraying construction system. The truck 9 is used for carrying the foreign soil spraying seeder 8. One section of the slurry conveying pipe is connected with the foreign soil spraying-seeding machine, and the other end of the slurry conveying pipe is provided with a slurry spray head. The mud shower nozzle passes through the fixed bolster and is connected with unmanned aerial vehicle. The foreign soil spray seeder 8 sprays the slurry mixture out through the slurry conveying pipe 7 and the slurry spray head 6 in the construction process.
The construction of carrying out the soil dressing spray seeding on the slope surface comprises the following steps:
in the first step, a slurry (i.e., the overburden) is prepared. The proper slurry mixture ratio is selected, and the main materials comprise grass seeds, soil, a water-retaining agent, an adhesive, an organic fertilizer, a quick-acting fertilizer, a long-acting fertilizer and the like. In the embodiment, the bermuda grass seeds are selected. The soil is selected from loose, water-permeable and organic matter-containing soil, so as to be beneficial to plant growth. The mixed materials are stirred by a stirrer for not less than three minutes,
and secondly, spraying the foreign soil. Firstly, a foreign soil spray-seeding construction system is arranged. Before the foreign soil spray seeding operation, fully watering for 1-2 times to keep the sprayed concrete slope surface moist. Then, the drone 1 carries the mud jet 6 in place. Then, opening the alien soil spray-seeding machine 8 to perform alien soil spray-seeding construction, wherein the operation procedure is as follows: starting an air compressor and a water pump → starting a stirrer to discharge the slurry mixture into a hopper of the foreign soil spray-seeding machine 8 → starting the spray-seeding machine. And finally, moving the concrete spray head 6 by the unmanned aerial vehicle 1 for continuous spraying, wherein the movement of the unmanned aerial vehicle 1 is controlled by a wireless remote control device so as to spray and broadcast the foreign soil on the slope surface. In the process of foreign soil spray seeding operation, when the slurry mixed material is insufficient, the uniformly stirred slurry mixed material is discharged into a hopper of the foreign soil spray seeding machine 8.
And thirdly, spraying and maintaining the foreign soil. After the spraying operation of the foreign soil spraying is finished, the slope is timely sprayed with water for maintenance according to the weather condition, and the slope is kept wet all the time before the emergence of grass seeds and in the growth stage of seedlings. The water spray maintenance adopts the hydrojet machine to atomize and sprinkle water, removes the shower nozzle with the help of unmanned aerial vehicle.
The core of the invention is that the unmanned aerial vehicle replaces manpower to move the concrete sprayer and the slurry sprayer, and compared with the traditional technology, the invention has the advantages of high construction safety, high construction efficiency, low labor cost and wide application prospect.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for rapidly and ecologically restoring a side slope of a waste quarry is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
jetting the side slope of the quarry with high pressure wind and water;
carrying out concrete spraying construction on the slope surface, wherein the concrete spraying construction comprises (1) spraying concrete on the slope surface by adopting a concrete spraying construction system, and (2) carrying out atomization, watering and curing by using a wet spraying machine after the concrete is sprayed for final setting for 2 hours for 14 days;
carrying out soil dressing spray-seeding construction on the slope surface, wherein the soil dressing spray-seeding construction comprises (1) fully watering 1-2 times to keep a concrete layer of the wet slope surface, and (2) spraying soil dressing on the concrete layer on the slope surface by adopting a soil dressing spray-seeding construction system; (3) carrying out water spraying maintenance on the slope surface of the side slope to ensure that the slope surface is always kept moist before the emergence of grass seeds and in the growth stage of seedlings;
the concrete spraying construction system comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle, a fixed support, a concrete sprayer and a concrete conveying assembly, wherein the concrete conveying assembly is connected with the concrete sprayer, and the concrete sprayer is connected with the unmanned aerial vehicle through the fixed support; the foreign soil spray-seeding construction system comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle, a fixed support, a slurry spray head and a slurry conveying assembly, wherein the slurry conveying assembly is connected with the slurry spray head, and the slurry spray head is connected with the unmanned aerial vehicle through the fixed support;
the concrete comprises cement, sand, cement ash and an accelerator: wherein the weight ratio of cement to sand is 1.0: 3.0, the water-cement weight ratio is 0.45, and the mixing amount of the accelerator is 3 percent of the cement amount; and stirring the materials of the concrete by using a stirrer for not less than 3 minutes.
2. The method for rapidly ecologically restoring the side slope of the abandoned quarry according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the fixed support is detachably connected with the concrete sprayer and the slurry sprayer.
3. The method for rapidly ecologically restoring the side slope of the abandoned quarry according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the unmanned aerial vehicle utilizes the radio remote control equipment to control the unmanned aerial vehicle to carry the concrete nozzle and the slurry nozzle so as to realize ultra-low altitude flight and flight according to a preset air route.
4. The method for rapidly ecologically restoring the side slope of the abandoned quarry according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the concrete conveying assembly comprises a concrete sprayer and a concrete conveying pipe, one end of the concrete conveying pipe is connected with the concrete sprayer, and a concrete sprayer is installed at the other end of the concrete conveying pipe.
5. The method for rapidly ecologically restoring the side slope of the abandoned quarry according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the foreign soil conveying assembly comprises a foreign soil spray-seeding machine and a slurry conveying pipe, one end of the slurry conveying pipe is connected with the foreign soil spray-seeding machine, and the other end of the slurry conveying pipe is provided with a slurry spray head.
6. The method for rapidly ecologically restoring the side slope of the abandoned quarry according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the soil dressing comprises grass seeds, soil, a water-retaining agent, an adhesive, an organic fertilizer, a quick-acting fertilizer and a long-acting fertilizer, wherein the soil is loose, has water permeability and contains organic substances, and the materials of the soil dressing are stirred and mixed for not less than 3 minutes.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811044210.5A CN109235463B (en) | 2018-09-07 | 2018-09-07 | Method for rapidly and ecologically restoring side slope of waste quarry |
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| CN201811044210.5A CN109235463B (en) | 2018-09-07 | 2018-09-07 | Method for rapidly and ecologically restoring side slope of waste quarry |
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| CN109235463B true CN109235463B (en) | 2020-08-14 |
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| CN113565084B (en) * | 2021-06-22 | 2022-09-23 | 青海九零六工程勘察设计院有限责任公司 | Water-retaining corrosion-resistant soil surface layer protection method for engineering side slope |
| CN115918316A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2023-04-07 | 徐州市九州生态园林股份有限公司 | Ecological restoration method for mountain vegetation |
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| JP2626744B2 (en) * | 1994-11-26 | 1997-07-02 | 日本植生株式会社 | Greening method by aerial application of vegetation material |
| CN103754368A (en) * | 2014-01-25 | 2014-04-30 | 华南农业大学 | Air-ground combined agricultural spraying device and application thereof |
| CN105220698A (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2016-01-06 | 武汉沃田生态科技有限公司 | A kind of rock slope ecological protection method |
| CN206125435U (en) * | 2016-09-07 | 2017-04-26 | 深圳光启空间技术有限公司 | A unmanned aerial vehicle system for aerial spraying |
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