CN109235177A - 折叠式机场应急抢建复合材料组合道面板及其制造方法 - Google Patents

折叠式机场应急抢建复合材料组合道面板及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN109235177A
CN109235177A CN201810893660.5A CN201810893660A CN109235177A CN 109235177 A CN109235177 A CN 109235177A CN 201810893660 A CN201810893660 A CN 201810893660A CN 109235177 A CN109235177 A CN 109235177A
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cloth
veneer
composite material
pavement slab
layer
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CN109235177B (zh
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陈成泗
梅勇
许史安
陆展飞
马建刚
达巍峰
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Ningbo Dacheng Advanced Material Co Ltd
National Academy of Defense Engineering of PLA Academy of Military Science
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National Academy of Defense Engineering of PLA Academy of Military Science
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C9/00—Special pavings; Pavings for special parts of roads or airfields
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/10—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/12—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
    • B32B37/1284—Application of adhesive
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
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    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
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    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F3/00—Landing stages for helicopters, e.g. located above buildings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/05—5 or more layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/20—All layers being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0253—Polyolefin fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/101—Glass fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/106—Carbon fibres, e.g. graphite fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
    • B32B2307/212—Electromagnetic interference shielding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
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    • B32B2307/54—Yield strength; Tensile strength
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
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    • B32B2307/548—Creep
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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Abstract

本发明提供一种折叠式机场应急抢建复合材料组合道面板及其制造方法。复合材料组合道面板由单板和连接布构成；所述的单板为矩形板，一块块并排平铺在连接布的上下两面，上下两面的单板相对称排列；单板与连接布之间由环氧树脂粘接在一起；每一单板为复合纤维材料构成，为玻璃纤维布、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维布和碳纤维布。本组合道面板材质轻、密度只有1.15～1.17之间，密度不到普通钢板六分之一。面板抗弯曲强度高＞280MPa，抗冲击韧性强＞240K j/m2，它的强度可满足三代战斗机和各类武装直升机承载能力。本面板具有抗弯曲强度高、抗冲击韧性强、材质轻、面积大、抗老化耐久性好、抢修铺装简便、抢修省时高效、能重复使用等优点。

Description

折叠式机场应急抢建复合材料组合道面板及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高性能纤维增强树脂基复合材料制备的折叠式机场应急抢建复合材料组合道面板及其制造方法。
背景技术
机场道面是飞机的起降平台，也是机场的主体工程。是供飞机起飞、着陆、滑行及维修的坪道。尤其是现代战争节奏快、时效性强，所以要求：一是为军用机场战争时被炸损后快速抢修提供保障；二是为军用武装直升机在野战营地，如海岛、高原、高寒地区土基地面上，能快速修建临时起降坪道，提供后勤保障。三是自然灾害发生时，如地震、洪水等抢险救灾工作的环境下，为物资补给和人员转移，能快速抢建民用直升机起降坪提供保障。目前已有一些对此的发明和设计，如：
专利号CN102733285.A是涉及一种叠合式机场道面结构，其特征是由上层道面板与下层基础板，用多根螺杆紧固形成结构。
专利号CN207537833.U是涉及一种装配式机场道面板，其特征在于所述道面板的两侧均固定有一个相互呈中心对称分布的拼合块。
专利号CN104790275A是涉及一种焊接蜂窝应急机场抢建复合材料组合道面板，其特征在于每块面板包括焊接蜂窝芯材，由上面板与下面板用插销锁形成一个整体，且每块板边缘设有凹凸结构用插销锁，相互配合形成整体道面板。
上述发明，其材料均采用金属结构与混凝土结构，一是材质较重，二是单张面积小、抢修安装效率低，不能满足现代战争和自然灾害抢险时飞机坪道的快速修建、快速撤回及重复多次使用的要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种更加实用的机场应急抢建复合材料组合道面板，优于目前此类应急机场抢建道面的设计。
本发明采用以下技术方案：
折叠式机场应急抢建复合材料组合道面板，由单板和连接布构成；所述的单板为矩形板，一块块并排平铺在连接布的上下两面，上下两面的单板相对称排列；单板与连接布之间由环氧树脂粘接在一起；每一单板为复合纤维材料构成。
所述的单板由八层纤维布料构成，自外向内排列为：玻璃纤维布、碳纤维布、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维布、玻璃纤维布、玻璃纤维布、碳纤维布、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维布和玻璃纤维布；每两层布料之间由热固性树脂粘接；所述的连接布为一整块高强聚乙烯纤维织布。
优选的，每一单板1的尺寸为宽1.8m、长9m。
优选的，连接布的上下两面各有九块单板。
优选的，相邻单板之间均相隔有2.5cm的间距。
折叠式机场应急抢建复合材料组合道面板的制造方法，所述的制造方法包括下述步骤：
步骤一、选择三种高性能纤维作为机场应急抢建复合材料组合道面板的材料：超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、玻璃纤维和碳纤维；
步骤二、将三种高性能纤维分别加工成多轴向或单轴向机织布，即超高分子量聚乙烯纤维布、玻璃纤维布和碳纤维布；
步骤三、将三种高性能纤维布按一个顺序叠放在模具上，再用热固性树脂进行真空导流固化，然后制备矩形的复合材料单板；
步骤四、将步骤三生产的九块复合材料单板平摊并列排放在平整的模具上，每块单板之间相隔开间距。
步骤五、将并列排放在模具上的单板涂刷一层环氧树脂，上面铺放一整块高强聚乙烯纤维织布作为单板与单板之间的连接布；再取九块复合材料单板，在与超高分子量聚乙烯纤维布靠近的一面也涂刷一层环氧树脂，然后并列排放在连接布上面，与连接布下面的单板对齐放置；最后用模块在顶部加压，两小时后环氧树脂固化，形成复合材料组合道面板。
步骤六、将步骤五完成的复合材料组合道面板，按顺序折叠起来，成为复合材料成品包装的道面板。
在步骤三中，三种高性能纤维布是按下列顺序叠放在模具上：一层玻璃纤维布、一层聚乙烯纤维布、一层碳纤维布、一层玻璃纤维布、又一层玻璃纤维布、一层聚乙烯纤维布、一层碳纤维布、一层玻璃纤维布；然后制备宽1.8m×长9m的高性能纤维增强复合材料单板。
优选的，在步骤四中，每块单板之间相隔2.5cm的间距。
优选的，在步骤五中，所述的模块在顶部以每平方米100公斤的压力加压。
在步骤六中，折叠起来的复合材料成品包装的道面板为长9m、宽1.8m。
本发明技术的机场道面板优点在于：
1、主要材料的超高分子量聚乙烯纤维，它具有拉伸断裂强度高，比碳纤维高三分之一，比玻璃纤维高三倍，且密度小(0.97)，抗冲击韧性强，耐腐蚀好、抗紫外线辐射强等优势；该纤维由于分子量极高，主链结合好，取向度、结晶度高，因此它的强度是当今所有纤维之最，而且密度小、模量高、能抗紫外线和耐各类化学物品腐蚀，并具有突出的抗冲击、抗切割韧性等优点。面板还借助碳纤维模量高、刚性强、耐高温优势和玻璃纤维刚性强、价格便宜等优势互补。
2.本组合道面板材质轻、密度只有1.15～1.17之间，密度不到普通钢板六分之一。
3.面板抗弯曲强度高＞280MPa，抗冲击韧性强＞240Kj/m2，它的强度可满足三代战斗机和各类武装直升机承载能力。本面板具有抗弯曲强度高、抗冲击韧性强、材质轻、面积大、抗老化耐久性好、抢修铺装简便、能重复使用等优点。
4.面板每组平方面积大(将近有150平方米)，抢修省时高效。
附图说明
图1是本发明折叠式机场应急抢建复合材料组合道面板的结构示意图，
图2是单板的纵剖面示意图。
图中标记：1、单板，1.1、玻璃纤维布，1.2、碳纤维布，1.3、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维布，2、连接布，3、间距。
具体实施方式
本发明折叠式机场应急抢建复合材料组合道面板的结构见图1、图2所示：
折叠式机场应急抢建复合材料组合道面板，由单板1和连接布2构成。所述的单板1为矩形板，一块块并排平铺在连接布2的上下两面，上下两面各有九块单板1。上下两面的单板1相对称排列。作为一实施例，每一单板1的尺寸为宽1.8m、长9m。相邻单板1之间均相隔有2.5cm的间距3。单板1与连接布2之间由环氧树脂粘接在一起。每一所述的单板1为复合纤维材料构成，包括八层布料，自外向内排列为：玻璃纤维布1.1、碳纤维布1.2、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维布1.3、玻璃纤维布1.1、玻璃纤维布1.1、碳纤维布1.2、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维布1.3和玻璃纤维布1.1。每两层布料之间由热固性树脂粘接。所述的连接布2为一整块高强聚乙烯纤维织布。
本发明折叠式机场应急抢建复合材料组合道面板的制造方法为：
步骤一、选择三种高性能纤维作为机场应急抢建复合材料组合道面板的材料：超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、玻璃纤维和碳纤维。
步骤二、将三种高性能纤维分别加工成多轴向或单轴向机织布，即超高分子量聚乙烯纤维布、玻璃纤维布和碳纤维布。
步骤三、将三种高性能纤维布按下列顺序叠放在模具上：一层玻璃纤维布、一层聚乙烯纤维布、一层碳纤维布、一层玻璃纤维布、又一层玻璃纤维布、一层聚乙烯纤维布、一层碳纤维布、一层玻璃纤维布。这样搭配后，再用热固性树脂进行真空导流固化(真空导流工艺能使树脂均匀分布)，然后制备宽1.8m×长9m的高性能纤维增强复合材料单板。单板的厚度一般为5mm左右。
步骤四、将步骤三生产的九块复合材料单板平摊并列排放在平整的模具上，每块单板之间相隔2.5cm的间距。
步骤五、将并列排放在模具上的单板涂刷一层环氧树脂，上面铺放一整块高强聚乙烯纤维织布作为单板与单板之间的连接布。再取九块复合材料单板，在与超高分子量聚乙烯纤维布靠近的一面也涂刷一层环氧树脂，然后并列排放在连接布上面，与连接布下面的单板对齐放置。最后用模块在顶部以每平方米100公斤的压力加压，两小时后环氧树脂固化，形成复合材料组合道面板。
步骤六、为储存和运输方便，将步骤五完成的复合材料组合道面板，按顺序折叠起来，成为长9m、宽1.8m的复合材料成品包装的道面板。其折叠的厚度仅为0.1m左右。

Claims (10)

1.折叠式机场应急抢建复合材料组合道面板，其特征在于：由单板和连接布构成；所述的单板为矩形板，一块块并排平铺在连接布的上下两面，上下两面的单板相对称排列；单板与连接布之间由环氧树脂粘接在一起；每一单板为复合纤维材料构成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料组合道面板，其特征在于：所述的单板由八层纤维布料构成，自外向内排列为：玻璃纤维布、碳纤维布、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维布、玻璃纤维布、玻璃纤维布、碳纤维布、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维布和玻璃纤维布；每两层布料之间由热固性树脂粘接；所述的连接布为一整块高强聚乙烯纤维织布。
3.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料组合道面板，其特征在于：每一单板1的尺寸为宽1.8m、长9m。
4.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料组合道面板，其特征在于：连接布的上下两面各有九块单板。
5.根据权利要求1或4所述的复合材料组合道面板，其特征在于：相邻单板之间均相隔有2.5cm的间距。
6.折叠式机场应急抢建复合材料组合道面板的制造方法，其特征在于，所述的制造方法包括下述步骤：
步骤一、选择三种高性能纤维作为机场应急抢建复合材料组合道面板的材料：超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、玻璃纤维和碳纤维；
步骤二、将三种高性能纤维分别加工成多轴向或单轴向机织布，即超高分子量聚乙烯纤维布、玻璃纤维布和碳纤维布；
步骤三、将三种高性能纤维布按一个顺序叠放在模具上，再用热固性树脂进行真空导流固化，然后制备矩形的复合材料单板；
步骤四、将步骤三生产的九块复合材料单板平摊并列排放在平整的模具上，每块单板之间相隔开间距。
步骤五、将并列排放在模具上的单板涂刷一层环氧树脂，上面铺放一整块高强聚乙烯纤维织布作为单板与单板之间的连接布；再取九块复合材料单板，在与超高分子量聚乙烯纤维布靠近的一面也涂刷一层环氧树脂，然后并列排放在连接布上面，与连接布下面的单板对齐放置；最后用模块在顶部加压，两小时后环氧树脂固化，形成复合材料组合道面板。
步骤六、将步骤五完成的复合材料组合道面板，按顺序折叠起来，成为复合材料成品包装的道面板。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制造方法，其特征在于，在步骤三中，三种高性能纤维布是按下列顺序叠放在模具上：一层玻璃纤维布、一层聚乙烯纤维布、一层碳纤维布、一层玻璃纤维布、又一层玻璃纤维布、一层聚乙烯纤维布、一层碳纤维布、一层玻璃纤维布；然后制备宽1.8m×长9m的高性能纤维增强复合材料单板。
8.根据权利要求6所述的制造方法，其特征在于：在步骤四中，每块单板之间相隔2.5cm的间距。
9.根据权利要求6所述的制造方法，其特征在于：在步骤五中，所述的模块在顶部以每平方米100公斤的压力加压。
10.根据权利要求6所述的制造方法，其特征在于：在步骤六中，折叠起来的复合材料成品包装的道面板为长9m、宽1.8m。
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