CN109229093A - 用于将机动车辆定位在底板上方的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于将机动车辆定位在底板上方的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN109229093A
CN109229093A CN201810713813.3A CN201810713813A CN109229093A CN 109229093 A CN109229093 A CN 109229093A CN 201810713813 A CN201810713813 A CN 201810713813A CN 109229093 A CN109229093 A CN 109229093A
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motor vehicles
bottom plate
magnetic field
data
wireless connection
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D·赫克
A·海因策尔曼
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/06—Automatic manoeuvring for parking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/126—Methods for pairing a vehicle and a charging station, e.g. establishing a one-to-one relation between a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
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    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
    • H02J7/00034—Charger exchanging data with an electronic device, i.e. telephone, whose internal battery is under charge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2420/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of sensors based on the principle of their operation
    • B60W2420/54—Audio sensitive means, e.g. ultrasound
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
    • G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S15/93—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S15/931—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
    • G01S2015/932—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles for parking operations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0042—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the mechanical construction
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种用于将机动车辆(10)定位在底板(20)上方的方法，该方法具有以下特征：该底板(20)的超声波传感器(21)获取与该机动车辆(10)的所在位置相关的数据；这些数据借助于无线连接(30)从该底板(20)传输至该机动车辆(10)中；并且借助于这些数据进行定位，直至该所在位置位于该底板(20)上方。本发明还提供了一种对应的底板(20)。

Description

用于将机动车辆定位在底板上方的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于将机动车辆定位在底板上方的方法。此外，本发明还涉及一种呈底板形式的对应装置。
背景技术
安排在底板单元中的第一线圈与定位在车辆底部处的第二线圈之间的电感式能量传输(inductive power transfer,IPT)是已知的。当第二线圈(并且因此车辆本身)被固定在第一线圈上方时，可以向车辆中传递电能，以便将车辆电池充电。此外已知，在能量传输过程中，在车辆静止时，通过雷达监测在底板单元与车辆之间保留的气隙。
US20160025821A1公开了用于无线充电系统的引导系统和定向系统，以便支持发射器和接收器的IPT耦合器的定向。这些系统进行定位和定向，以便保证在发射器和接收器的IPT耦合器间有足够的耦合。示例性的系统提供了磁场传感器、磁场发生器和磁性引导件(magnetic vectoring)，以便确定电动车辆的位置或者无线充电基座的位置。在这样的磁性引导系统中，在电磁可透过的基板上包括至少三个线圈(或者相似的电路)的定向系统接收具有经调制的信息信号的定位磁场并且处理所接收的信号，以产生用于确定定位磁场源相对于磁场传感器位置的位置的输出信号。该定向系统还可以具有相似的结构，该结构产生定位磁场，该定位磁场可以包含基于输入信号的经调制的信息信号。
DE102015210314A1公开了一种用于借助于机动车辆的至少一个距离传感器来确定机动车辆相对于电感式充电站的初级线圈的位置的方法。在此，该距离传感器具有至少一个发送部件和一个接收部件，其中，该接收部件至少测定由发送部件发射的信号并且由此测定在相对于初级线圈的限定位置中的至少一个突出的点。然后由此在评估单元中实现机动车辆相对于初级线圈的相对位置确定。
DE102013209235A1涉及用于位置确定的方法和装置。在此，在车辆与充电站之间的更远的距离下应用借助于绝对运行时间确定来进行距离测定的测量方法。在车辆与充电站之间的邻近区域中，执行在所接收的多个信号间的相对运行时间测量。
FR2936996B1也描述了相关的方法。
发明内容
根据独立权利要求，本发明提供了一种用于将机动车辆定位在底板上方的方法以及一种对应的装置。
这能够实现，与仅分析由底座的磁场传输到车辆中的功率的方法相比，以改进的方式且提早地在底板上定位机动车辆。在此，与可设想地安置额外的磁场线圈来进行定位相比，根据本发明的解决方案是有利的。另外，其他的磁场线圈和其他的系统(例如基于超声波的系统)的组合是可设想的。
本发明建议一种用于将机动车辆定位在底板上方的方法，其中：
-该底板的超声波传感器获取与该机动车辆的所在位置相关的数据，
-这些数据借助于无线连接从该底板传输至该机动车辆中并且
-借助于这些数据进行定位，直至所在位置位于该底板上方。
在一个优选实施方式中，该机动车辆的停车传感器获取与所在位置相关的进一步的数据并且；还借助于所述进一步的数据进行定位。
在一个优选实施方式中，包括以下特征中的至少一个：
-该无线连接包括尤其根据IEEE 802.11的无线局域网，或者
-该无线连接包括尤其根据IEEE 802.15.1的无线个人网络。
在一个优选实施方式中，该底板感生磁场并且；还借助于在该机动车辆中的磁场的密集度(des Magnetfeldes)、尤其根据磁性的场强(magnetischen)或者磁通密度进行定位。
在一个优选实施方式中，在定位之后，该机动车辆借助于磁场电感式、尤其谐振电感式地与该底板耦合，并且；在耦合之后，对该机动车辆的牵引电池充电。
在一个优选实施方式中，在充电过程中，监测在该机动车辆的底部与该底板之间的气隙。
本发明还建议一种用于执行根据本发明所述的方法的底板，包括：
-用于获取与机动车辆的所在位置相关的数据的超声波传感器，
-用于在该底板与该机动车辆之间建立无线连接的器件以及
-用于通过该无线连接传输所述数据的器件。
附图说明
本发明实施例由附图示出并将在下文中加以详细说明。
图1示出了在使用该方法时的电动车辆。
图2示出了可能应用不同超声频率来改进位置识别。
具体实施方式
图1示出了用于将机动车辆(10)定位在底板(20)上方的根据本发明方法的基本流程。在该方法的范围内，底板(20)的超声波传感器(21)连续获取数据，这些数据与机动车辆(10)的所在位置相关。以此方式获取的数据将借助于WLAN、蓝牙或其他无线连接(30)从底板(20)传输至机动车辆(10)中。另外，由底板(20)在机动车辆(10)中感生的磁场的磁性的场强、磁通密度或以其他方式测量的强度或以此方式传输的功率可用于丰富所述数据。当底板位于机动车辆下方时，车辆侧的超声波传感器是盲的。通过在邻近区域中的感应磁场在维持极限值或附加的超声波传感器的情况下在VA中进行定位。
根据现在参考图2解释的可能性，机动车辆(10)的停车传感器(12)(例如通过应用不同的频率)也可以包含在位置检测中。
这样底板(20)可以有规律地发送和接收如f144kHz频率的超声波。此外，如果机动车辆(10)借助于其停车传感器(12)以f2例如33kHz的频率发射超声波，则底板(20)可以将其测量范围从f1其改变为f2并且另外地分析该信息。
一共存在三种可能性：
可能性1：通过固定频率定位。分析反射。GA(地面组件，底板)发送，VA(车牌，电感式的)反射；
可能性2：像可能性1一样，在汽车内增加停车传感器。
可能性3：使用车辆停车传感器并例如通过运行时间差来计算位置。
或者
车辆侧的超声波传感器以限定的编码信号发送(例如通过频率或类似于莫尔斯电码的发送码)，以便仅响应底板的一个限定的超声波传感器，从而计算处理时长、X-Pos和Y-Pos的未知值。
然后在车辆中车辆主控制器通过定位计算底板的所在位置。
反之亦然：底板的超声波传感器以限定的编码信号发送。然后底板可以进行所在位置的计算。然后必须在车辆的方向上发送这些信息。
借助于这些测量数据的总和，机动车辆(10)被手动或自动地移动，直到其所在位置基本位于底板(20)的上方。当达到最佳位置时，机动车辆(10)就可以借助于磁场以电感方式或谐振电感方式与底板(20)耦合，以便对机动车辆的牵引电池充电。在此，在机动车辆(10)的底部(11)与底板(20)之间保留的气隙在充电过程中如通过雷达来监测。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于将机动车辆(10)定位在底板(20)上方的方法，
其特征在于：
-该底板(20)的超声波传感器(21)获取与该机动车辆(10)的所在位置相关的数据，
-这些数据借助于无线连接(30)从该底板(20)传输至该机动车辆(10)中并且
-借助于这些数据进行定位，直至所在位置位于该底板(20)上方。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，
其特征在于：
-该机动车辆(10)的停车传感器(12)获取与所在位置相关的进一步的数据并且
-还借助于所述进一步的数据进行定位。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，
其特征在于以下特征中的至少一个：
-该无线连接(30)包括尤其根据IEEE 802.11的无线局域网，或者
-该无线连接(30)包括尤其根据IEEE 802.15.1的无线个人网络。
4.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的方法，
其特征在于：
-该底板(20)感生磁场(22)并且
-还借助于在该机动车辆(10)中的磁场的密集度、尤其根据磁性的场强或者磁通密度进行定位。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，
其特征在于：
-在定位之后，该机动车辆(10)借助于磁场电感式、尤其谐振电感式地与该底板(20)耦合，并且
-在耦合之后，对该机动车辆(10)的牵引电池充电。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，
其特征在于：
-在充电过程中，监测在该机动车辆(10)的底部(11)与该底板(20)之间的气隙。
7.一种用于执行根据权利要求1至6之一所述的方法的底板(20)，
其特征在于：
-用于获取与机动车辆(10)的所在位置相关的数据的超声波传感器(21)，
-用于在该底板(20)与该机动车辆(10)之间建立无线连接(30)的器件以及
-用于通过该无线连接(30)传输所述数据的器件。
CN201810713813.3A 2017-07-10 2018-07-03 用于将机动车辆定位在底板上方的方法和装置 Pending CN109229093A (zh)

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