CN109226375A - Continuous bend manufacturing process in a kind of rolling surface of equal thickness circular arc class part - Google Patents
Continuous bend manufacturing process in a kind of rolling surface of equal thickness circular arc class part Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109226375A CN109226375A CN201811316565.5A CN201811316565A CN109226375A CN 109226375 A CN109226375 A CN 109226375A CN 201811316565 A CN201811316565 A CN 201811316565A CN 109226375 A CN109226375 A CN 109226375A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- working roll
- type face
- section
- arc
- roll
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D5/00—Bending sheet metal along straight lines, e.g. to form simple curves
- B21D5/14—Bending sheet metal along straight lines, e.g. to form simple curves by passing between rollers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B27/00—Rolls, roll alloys or roll fabrication; Lubricating, cooling or heating rolls while in use
- B21B27/02—Shape or construction of rolls
- B21B27/03—Sleeved rolls
- B21B27/032—Rolls for sheets or strips
Abstract
The present invention provides continuous bend manufacturing process in a kind of rolling surface of equal thickness circular arc class part, using the top working roll with boss type face and bottom working roll with groove type face as forming tool, to the continuous rolling of the lath blank of trapezoid cross section, make lath blank in the direction of the width by chrominance signal, to make it generate the elongation strain of uneven distribution in the width direction, lead to lateral bending in lath generation face after compressing, pass through the distribution of reasonable design elongation, continuously lateral is bent after deforming lath blank roll-in, ultimately form the arc-shaped part of equal thickness；The radius of arc-shaped part is controlled by the geometric parameter in lath blank section, and forming force needed for this method is small, device structure is simple, low cost, is able to achieve efficient, the inexpensive processing of circular arc class part, is improved the utilization rate of material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to continuous bend manufacturing process in a kind of rolling surface of equal thickness circular arc class part, belong to plastic deformation
Manufacture field, low cost, Quick-forming suitable for circular arc class part.
Background technique
Uniform thickness circular arc class part and ring-shaped work pieces etc. have application in many industrial circles.Such part such as method of small size
Cold blanking method processing can be used in blue gasket etc., but there are certain difficulty for the processing of larger part.Using plastic bending
When method shapes uniform thickness circular arc class part, the outer rim of bool is easy cracking and inner edge is easy corrugation, and the uniformity of thickness is difficult to
Guarantee, the especially lesser arc-shaped spares bend Problems in forming of thickness is more, and thickness is thinner, and forming is more difficult.Using traditional
Die-forging forming method needs multiple working procedure, at high cost, low efficiency, and the utilization rate of material is also low.Continuous bend in rolling surface
Manufacturing process, using trapezoid cross section lath blank in the direction of the width by chrominance signal the characteristics of, make lath along width
Direction generates the elongation of uneven distribution, so as to cause lateral bending deformation in lath generation face after compression, by reasonably
The distribution of elongation is designed, the arc-shaped part of uniform thickness can be formed after the deformation of lath blank continuous rolling.This manufacturing process
Device structure is simple, low cost, be able to achieve efficient, the inexpensive processing of circular arc class part, and the utilization rate of material can be improved,
The manufacturing process is with a wide range of applications.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a kind of continuous rolling manufacturing process of equal thickness circular arc class part,
To meet the needs of Metal Forming field is to such part processing technology.
In order to solve the above technical problems, technical solution proposed by the present invention is as follows:
Continuous bend manufacturing process in a kind of rolling surface of equal thickness circular arc class part, to have the upper work in boss type face
Roller and bottom working roll with groove type face are made as forming tool by the continuous rolling of the lath blank to trapezoid cross section
Its elongation for generating uneven distribution in the width direction, continuously lateral bending deformation in forming face, finally shapes equal thickness
Arc-shaped part, which is characterized in that specific step is as follows for this method:
Step 1: according to arc-shaped part and the geometric parameter of top working roll and bottom working roll, designing the geometry of lath blank
Form parameter:
1) width of the trapezoid cross section of lath blank is taken as the width b of the rectangular section of arc-shaped part；Lath blank
The thickness of one end of trapezoid cross section is taken as the thickness t of the rectangular section of arc-shaped part；
2) elongation percentage in roll-in deformation is calculated, as b/t≤20, elongation percentage δ is calculated using formula (1)；As b/t > 20
When, elongation percentage δ is calculated using formula (2)；
Wherein, r is the working radius of top working roll and bottom working roll, and R is the internal diameter of arc-shaped part, and μ is top working roll
Coefficient of friction between bottom working roll and lath blank；
3) the thickness t of the other end of the trapezoid cross section of lath blank is calculated using formula (3)1:
4) the length l of lath blank is calculated using formula (4):
Wherein, α is the central angle of arc-shaped part；
Step 2: according to the geometric shape parameters of arc-shaped part and lath blank, designing the upper work for rolling formation
Make the boss type face of roller and the groove type face of bottom working roll:
The section in the boss type face of top working roll is designed to that height is A1Width is B1Rectangular section, boss type face it is convex
The distance of center line of bench-type face bottom surface to top working roll isWherein s1Between top working roll and bottom working roll
Gap, value s1=0.5~1.0mm；The size of the rectangular section in boss type face is determined by formula (5) and formula (6):
A1=t1-t+s1 (5)
B1=b (6)
The section in the groove type face of bottom working roll (2) is designed to that depth is A2Width is B2Rectangular section, groove type face
The distance of center line of groove type face top surface to bottom working roll isThe size of the rectangular section in groove type face is by formula (7)
It is determined with formula (8):
A2=t1 (7)
B2=b+s2 (8)
Wherein s2For the gap between the boss of top working roll and the groove of bottom working roll, value is taken as s2=0.1~
0.2mm；
Step 3: according to the groove section in the boss section of the top working roll of step 2 design and bottom working roll, along upper work
The circumferencial direction of roller is processed into boss type face, is processed into groove type face along the circumferencial direction of bottom working roll, in nipping process on
The gap formed between working roll and bottom working roll is identical with the shape and size of the rectangular section of arc-shaped part, passes through
The lath blank roll-in of top working roll and bottom working roll to trapezoid cross section, makes lath blank continuously lateral be bent to equal thickness
Arc-shaped part.
Further technical solution includes:
Lath blank can carry out chilling roller pressing formation at room temperature, carry out hot-rolling pressure after can also being heated at high temperature to lath blank
Forming.
The boss type face of the top working roll and the groove type face of bottom working roll are directly processed in top working roll and lower work
Make on roller.
The boss type face of the top working roll processes on a upper mold, and the groove type face of bottom working roll is processed one
On a lower mold, upper mold is fixedly mounted on the work rolls by upper mold fixing screws, and lower mold passes through the fixed spiral shell of lower mold
Nail is fixedly mounted on bottom working roll.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
Continuous bend manufacturing process in a kind of rolling surface of equal thickness circular arc class part provided by the invention, Machining Arc shape
Forming force needed for part is small, and device structure is simple, low cost, is able to achieve efficient, the inexpensive processing of circular arc class part, and energy
The utilization rate of material is improved, and since continuous rolling forming process completely saves materials microstructure streamline, it is formed thereby
Part has good mechanical property.The manufacturing process can satisfy Metal Forming field and process to uniform thickness circular arc class part
The demand of new technology, is with a wide range of applications.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is to shape in continuous bend manufacturing process in a kind of rolling surface of equal thickness circular arc class part of the present invention
The schematic diagram of start time；
Fig. 2 is to shape in continuous bend manufacturing process in a kind of rolling surface of equal thickness circular arc class part of the present invention
The schematic diagram at a certain moment in the process；
Fig. 3 is arc-shaped part schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is the sectional view in lath blank direction A-A along Fig. 1, Fig. 2；
Fig. 5 is the sectional view in arc-shaped part direction B-B along Fig. 1, Fig. 3；
Fig. 6 is C-C directional profile figure in Fig. 1；
Fig. 7 is D-D directional profile figure in Fig. 6；
Fig. 8 is the boss schematic cross-section of top working roll；
Fig. 9 is the groove section schematic diagram of bottom working roll；
Figure 10 is the mounting structure schematic diagram of working roll and mold.
In figure: 1. top working rolls, 2. bottom working rolls, 3. lath blanks, 4. arc-shaped parts, 5. trapezoid cross sections, 6. rectangles
Section, 7. boss type face bottom surfaces, 8. groove type face top surfaces, 9. upper molds, 10. lower molds, 11. upper mold fixing screws, under 12.
Mold fixing screws.
Specific embodiment
The course of work and implementation step of the invention are further illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Continuous bend manufacturing process in a kind of rolling surface of equal thickness circular arc class part, to have the upper work in boss type face
Roller 1 and bottom working roll 2 with groove type face are used as forming tool (as shown in Figure 1, Figure 6, Figure 7), by trapezoid cross section
The continuous rolling of lath blank 3 makes it generate the elongation of uneven distribution in the width direction, ultimately forms continuously lateral in face
Bending deformation (such as Fig. 1) shapes the arc-shaped part 4 of equal thickness.
Lath blank 3 can carry out chilling roller pressing formation at room temperature, and hot-rolling pressing formation is carried out after can also being heated at high temperature.
The boss type face of top working roll 1 can directly process on top working roll 1, and the groove type face of bottom working roll 2 can be with
Directly processing is on bottom working roll 2.
As shown in Figure 10, the boss type face of top working roll 1 can also process on a upper mold 9, bottom working roll 2 it is recessed
Channel profile can also be processed on a lower mold 10, and upper mold 9 is fixedly mounted on working roll 1 by upper mold fixing screws 11
On, lower mold 10 is fixedly mounted on bottom working roll 2 by lower mold fixing screws 12.
The specific steps of continuous bend manufacturing process in a kind of rolling surface of equal thickness circular arc class part of the present invention
It is as follows:
Step 1: according to arc-shaped part 4 and the geometric parameter of top working roll 1 and bottom working roll 2, designing lath blank 3
Geometric shape parameters, detailed process are as follows:
1) as shown in figure 3, the width of the trapezoid cross section 5 of lath blank 3 is taken as the width of the rectangular section 6 of arc-shaped part 4
Spend b；The thickness of one end of the trapezoid cross section 5 of lath blank 3 is taken as the thickness t of the rectangular section 6 of arc-shaped part 4；
2) elongation percentage in roll-in deformation is calculated.As b/t≤20, elongation percentage δ is calculated using formula (1)；As b/t > 20
When, elongation percentage δ is calculated using formula (2)；
Wherein, r is the working radius (such as Fig. 6 and Fig. 7) of top working roll 1 and bottom working roll 2, and R is the interior of arc-shaped part 4
Diameter (such as Fig. 3), coefficient of friction of the μ between top working roll 1 and bottom working roll 2 and lath blank 3；
3) the thickness t of the other end of the trapezoid cross section 5 of lath blank 3 is calculated using formula (3)1:
4) the length l of lath blank 3 is calculated using formula (4):
Wherein, α is the central angle (such as Fig. 3) of arc-shaped part 4；
Step 2: according to the geometric shape parameters of arc-shaped part 4 and lath blank 3, designing for rolling formation
The type face of working roll 1 and the type face of bottom working roll 2:
The section in the boss type face of top working roll 1 is designed to that height is A1Width is B1Rectangular section, boss type face it is convex
The distance of center line of bench-type face bottom surface 7 to top working roll 1 isWherein s1For top working roll 1 and bottom working roll 2
Between gap (such as Fig. 6), value s1=0.5~1.0mm；As shown in figure 8, the size of the rectangular section in boss type face is by formula
(5) it is determined with formula (6)；
A1=t1-t+s1 (5)
B1=b (6)
The section in the groove type face of bottom working roll 2 is designed to that depth is A2Width is B2Rectangular section, groove type face it is recessed
The distance of center line of channel profile top surface 8 to bottom working roll 2 is(such as Fig. 6)；As shown in figure 9, the rectangle in groove type face
The size in section is determined by formula (7) and formula (8)；
A2=t1 (7)
B2=b+s2 (8)
Wherein s2For the gap between the boss of top working roll 1 and the groove of bottom working roll 2, value is taken as s2=0.1~
0.2mm；
Step 3: according to the groove section in the boss section of the top working roll 1 of step 2 design and bottom working roll 2, along upper work
The circumferencial direction for making roller 1 is processed into boss type face, is processed into groove type face (such as Figure 10) along the circumferencial direction of bottom working roll 2,
The gap formed between up-down rollers in nipping process is identical with the shape and size of rectangular section 6 of arc-shaped part 4, leads to
Top working roll 1 and lath blank 3 roll-in of the bottom working roll 2 to trapezoid cross section are crossed, 3 continuously lateral of lath blank is bent to
The arc-shaped part 4 of thickness.
Claims (4)
1. continuous bend manufacturing process in a kind of rolling surface of equal thickness circular arc class part, to have the top working roll in boss type face
(1) and the bottom working roll with groove type face (2) is used as forming tool, passes through the continuous of the lath blank (3) to trapezoid cross section
Roll-in, makes it generate the elongation of uneven distribution in the width direction, and continuously lateral bending deformation in forming face finally shapes
The arc-shaped part (4) of equal thickness, which is characterized in that specific step is as follows for this method:
Step 1: according to arc-shaped part (4) and the geometric parameter of top working roll (1) and bottom working roll (2), designing lath blank
(3) geometric shape parameters:
1) width of the trapezoid cross section (5) of lath blank (3) is taken as the width b of the rectangular section (6) of arc-shaped part (4)；Plate
The thickness of one end of the trapezoid cross section (5) of blank (3) is taken as the thickness t of the rectangular section (6) of arc-shaped part (4)；
2) elongation percentage in roll-in deformation is calculated, as b/t≤20, elongation percentage δ is calculated using formula (1)；As b/t > 20, adopt
Elongation percentage δ is calculated with formula (2)；
Wherein, r is the working radius of top working roll (1) and bottom working roll (2), and R is the internal diameter of arc-shaped part (4), and μ is upper work
Make the coefficient of friction between roller (1) and bottom working roll (2) and lath blank (3)；
3) the thickness t of the other end of the trapezoid cross section (5) of lath blank (3) is calculated using formula (3)1:
4) the length l of lath blank (3) is calculated using formula (4):
Wherein, α is the central angle of arc-shaped part (4)；
Step 2: according to the geometric shape parameters of arc-shaped part (4) and lath blank (3), designing for rolling formation
The boss type face of working roll (1) and the groove type face of bottom working roll (2):
The section in the boss type face of top working roll (1) is designed to that height is A1Width is B1Rectangular section, the boss in boss type face
The distance of center line of type face bottom surface (7) to top working roll (1) isWherein s1For top working roll (1) and lower work
Make the gap between roller (2), value s1=0.5~1.0mm；The size of the rectangular section in boss type face is by formula (5) and formula (6)
It determines:
A1=t1-t+s1 (5)
B1=b (6)
The section in the groove type face of bottom working roll (2) is designed to that depth is A2Width is B2Rectangular section, the groove in groove type face
The distance of center line of type face top surface (8) to bottom working roll (2) isThe size of the rectangular section in groove type face is by formula
(7) it is determined with formula (8):
A2=t1 (7)
B2=b+s2 (8)
Wherein s2For the gap between the boss of top working roll (1) and the groove of bottom working roll (2), value is taken as s2=0.1~
0.2mm；
Step 3: according to the groove section in the boss section of the top working roll (1) of step 2 design and bottom working roll (2), along upper work
The circumferencial direction for making roller (1) is processed into boss type face, and the circumferencial direction along bottom working roll (2) is processed into groove type face, in roll-in
The shape of the rectangular section (6) in the gap and arc-shaped part (4) that are formed between top working roll (1) and bottom working roll (2) in the process
Shape is identical with size, by top working roll (1) and lath blank (3) roll-in of bottom working roll (2) to trapezoid cross section, makes plate
Blank (3) continuously lateral is bent to the arc-shaped part (4) of equal thickness.
2. continuous bend manufacturing process in a kind of rolling surface of equal thickness circular arc class part according to claim 1, special
Sign is that lath blank (3) can carry out chilling roller pressing formation at room temperature, carries out after can also being heated at high temperature to lath blank (3)
Hot-rolling pressing formation.
3. continuous bend manufacturing process in a kind of rolling surface of equal thickness circular arc class part according to claim 1, special
Sign is that the boss type face of the top working roll (1) and the groove type face of bottom working roll (2) are directly processed in top working roll
(1) and on bottom working roll (2).
4. continuous bend manufacturing process in a kind of rolling surface of equal thickness circular arc class part according to claim 1, special
Sign is that the boss type face of the top working roll (1) processes the groove type face of bottom working roll (2) on a upper mold (9)
On a lower mold (10), upper mold (9) is fixedly mounted on working roll (1) by upper mold fixing screws (11) for processing,
Lower mold (10) is fixedly mounted on bottom working roll (2) by lower mold fixing screws (12).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811316565.5A CN109226375B (en) | 2018-11-07 | 2018-11-07 | Continuous bend manufacturing process in a kind of rolling surface of equal thickness circular arc class part |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811316565.5A CN109226375B (en) | 2018-11-07 | 2018-11-07 | Continuous bend manufacturing process in a kind of rolling surface of equal thickness circular arc class part |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109226375A true CN109226375A (en) | 2019-01-18 |
| CN109226375B CN109226375B (en) | 2019-11-08 |
Family
ID=65076943
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811316565.5A Active CN109226375B (en) | 2018-11-07 | 2018-11-07 | Continuous bend manufacturing process in a kind of rolling surface of equal thickness circular arc class part |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN109226375B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112428554A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-03-02 | 青海百能汇通新能源科技有限公司 | Carbon felt composite battery pole plate and production method thereof, carbon felt composite calendering equipment and flow battery |
| CN113617845A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-11-09 | 江阴康瑞成型技术科技有限公司 | Roller for bimetal composite rolling |
| WO2023015920A1 (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2023-02-16 | 江苏康瑞新材料科技股份有限公司 | Roll for bimetal composite rolling |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1822906A (en) * | 2003-05-20 | 2006-08-23 | 昭和电工株式会社 | Rolling apparatus and method of making product of miscellaneous cross section with use of same |
| US20090107199A1 (en) * | 2006-02-21 | 2009-04-30 | Mingzhe Li | Flexible forming device for forming three-dimensional shaped workpieces |
| CN102189155A (en) * | 2011-02-23 | 2011-09-21 | 雅泰实业集团有限公司 | Metal plate double-curved surface processing technology and equipment |
| CN103302210A (en) * | 2013-06-13 | 2013-09-18 | 西北工业大学 | Equal-thickness in-plane continuous plate strip bending method |
| CN104438493A (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2015-03-25 | 吉林大学 | Continuous roll-forming method of constant-thickness curved surface |
-
2018
- 2018-11-07 CN CN201811316565.5A patent/CN109226375B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1822906A (en) * | 2003-05-20 | 2006-08-23 | 昭和电工株式会社 | Rolling apparatus and method of making product of miscellaneous cross section with use of same |
| US20090107199A1 (en) * | 2006-02-21 | 2009-04-30 | Mingzhe Li | Flexible forming device for forming three-dimensional shaped workpieces |
| CN102189155A (en) * | 2011-02-23 | 2011-09-21 | 雅泰实业集团有限公司 | Metal plate double-curved surface processing technology and equipment |
| CN103302210A (en) * | 2013-06-13 | 2013-09-18 | 西北工业大学 | Equal-thickness in-plane continuous plate strip bending method |
| CN104438493A (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2015-03-25 | 吉林大学 | Continuous roll-forming method of constant-thickness curved surface |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112428554A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-03-02 | 青海百能汇通新能源科技有限公司 | Carbon felt composite battery pole plate and production method thereof, carbon felt composite calendering equipment and flow battery |
| CN113617845A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-11-09 | 江阴康瑞成型技术科技有限公司 | Roller for bimetal composite rolling |
| WO2023015920A1 (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2023-02-16 | 江苏康瑞新材料科技股份有限公司 | Roll for bimetal composite rolling |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN109226375B (en) | 2019-11-08 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN109226375B (en) | Continuous bend manufacturing process in a kind of rolling surface of equal thickness circular arc class part | |
| JP6103147B2 (en) | Fine mold for molding fuel cell separator, method for manufacturing fuel cell separator, and fuel cell separator | |
| US9630229B2 (en) | Device for molding and method for molding metal plate | |
| EP2626152A1 (en) | Method of manufacturing flange for wind towers using ring rolling method | |
| CN102229044B (en) | Wide magnesium alloy ultra-thin plate continuous extrusion device and method | |
| KR101188605B1 (en) | A Manufacturing method for profiled ring used of semi-finished ring rolling machine | |
| JP2018089672A (en) | Metal plate material molding method and molding equipment | |
| US20130205856A1 (en) | Apparatus and method for forming product having asymmetric cross-section using ring rolling process | |
| CN103691798A (en) | Fine blanking molding method for reducing collapsed corner of fine-blanking piece | |
| CN113172158A (en) | Drawing female die, combined drawing die and drawing method for box-shaped piece | |
| US11890660B2 (en) | Preparation method for metal material | |
| CN110752385A (en) | Method for forming straight flow channel of metal bipolar plate of fuel cell | |
| JP2002126825A (en) | Apparatus and method for deforming and processing blank composed of rolled and flexible metal strip member | |
| CN104438493B (en) | The continuous rolling manufacturing process of equal thickness curved surface | |
| CN103302210B (en) | Equal-thickness in-plane continuous plate strip bending method | |
| JP2008302426A (en) | Press die and press forming method | |
| CN102728706A (en) | Method for continuously and unevenly compressing and forming three-dimensional curved surface | |
| CA2880661A1 (en) | Method of producing steel pipe | |
| CN112705656B (en) | H13E shield hob ring forming process | |
| EP2987568B1 (en) | Hot press forming device for coated steel and hot press forming method using same | |
| JP6787013B2 (en) | Molding material manufacturing method | |
| CN202683762U (en) | S-shaped bent spring die | |
| RU2506136C1 (en) | Method of forming by resilient medium | |
| JP6741268B2 (en) | Manufacturing method and manufacturing apparatus for steel plate having embossed shape | |
| CN204099015U (en) | Automobile exhaust effective major diameter w shape bending component and continuously shaped mould thereof |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |