CN109216486A - 一种薄膜光伏组件封装结构与方法 - Google Patents

一种薄膜光伏组件封装结构与方法 Download PDF

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CN109216486A
CN109216486A CN201710549144.6A CN201710549144A CN109216486A CN 109216486 A CN109216486 A CN 109216486A CN 201710549144 A CN201710549144 A CN 201710549144A CN 109216486 A CN109216486 A CN 109216486A
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Hangzhou Qianna Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种薄膜光伏组件封装结构，包括背板玻璃、钙钛矿太阳能电池、上封装胶膜、前玻璃以及封装胶，上封装胶膜（EVA，POE等）设置在前玻璃的下面，钙钛矿太阳能电池正面朝上地设置在上封装胶膜的下面，背板玻璃设置在钙钛矿太阳能电池的下面。封装胶设置在上封装胶膜的侧面，以及设置在钙钛矿太阳能电池的背面与背板玻璃之间。封装胶为丁基胶。本发明公开上述薄膜光伏组件封装结构的封装方法。本发明在钙钛矿太阳能电池整个背面设置丁基胶，达到保护钙钛矿太阳能电池的作用，而且丁基胶材料的封装胶对于钙钛矿太阳能电池各层的材料而言是一种惰性材料，材料成本低于EVA等，丁基胶的抗浸润能力强，效果良好。

Description

一种薄膜光伏组件封装结构与方法
技术领域
本发明涉及光伏技术领域，特别涉及一种薄膜光伏组件封装结构与方法。
背景技术
目前钙钛矿太阳能电池的封装结构普遍具有如图1所示的结构，钙钛矿太阳能电池从下往上依次为背板玻璃1′、下封装胶膜6′、钙钛矿太阳能电池3′、上封装胶膜4′、前玻璃5′。由于钙钛矿太阳能电池3′具有一定的厚度（通常1~2mm），因此在封装后的钙钛矿太阳能电池3′边缘位置会留下较大的空隙。通常会在这些位置放置一些如UV胶、硅胶树脂之类的密封胶2′。现有的封装胶（例如EVA、POE等）及其组合都无法满足国际标准IEC61215：2016中相关太阳能电池的稳定性测试的规定，主要原因是现有的封装胶水气透过率过高，无法满足钙钛矿材料对水气阻隔的要求。水气透过后与钙钛矿太阳能电池3′中的钙钛矿物质发生反应，使得钙钛矿物质分解失效。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于，提供一种薄膜光伏组件封装结构与方法，提出进一步改善其封装技术，以增强抗老化和抗浸润能力。
本发明是这样实现的，提供一种薄膜光伏组件封装结构，包括背板玻璃、钙钛矿太阳能电池、上封装胶膜、前玻璃以及封装胶，所述钙钛矿太阳能电池的外形小于背板玻璃与前玻璃，所述上封装胶膜设置在前玻璃的下面，所述钙钛矿太阳能电池正面朝上地设置在上封装胶膜的下面，所述背板玻璃设置在钙钛矿太阳能电池的下面，所述封装胶设置在钙钛矿太阳能电池以及上封装胶膜的侧面，在所述钙钛矿太阳能电池的背面与背板玻璃之间设置了封装胶，所述封装胶为丁基胶。
本发明是这样实现的，还提供一种薄膜光伏组件封装结构，包括背板玻璃、前玻璃以及生长在前玻璃表面的钙钛矿太阳能电池，以及封装胶，所述钙钛矿太阳能电池设置在背板玻璃与前玻璃之间，所述背板玻璃设置在钙钛矿太阳能电池的下面，所述封装胶设置在钙钛矿太阳能电池的下面以及侧面，所述封装胶为丁基胶。
进一步地，所述封装胶的厚度为0.2mm~1.5mm。
进一步地，所述背板玻璃和前玻璃分别为超白低铁钢化玻璃、低铁压花钢化玻璃、半钢化玻璃、镀膜玻璃、TPT玻璃、TPE玻璃以及PET玻璃中的任意一种。
本发明是这样实现的，还提供一种如前述的薄膜光伏组件封装结构的封装方法，包括如下步骤：
第一步骤、将所述前玻璃放置在工作台上，在所述前玻璃上自下而上依次放置上封装胶膜和钙钛矿太阳能电池，所述钙钛矿太阳能电池的正面朝下；
第二步骤、将所述封装胶敷设在钙钛矿太阳能电池的背面上，所述封装胶的外边缘小于前玻璃的外缘；
第三步骤、将背板玻璃放置在封装胶上，组成叠层结构；
第四步骤、将该叠层结构放入压合机，开启压合机，将所述钙钛矿太阳能电池封装在背板玻璃与前玻璃之间。
本发明是这样实现的，还提供一种如前述的薄膜光伏组件封装结构的封装方法，包括如下步骤：
第一步骤、将所述包含有生长在其表面的钙钛矿太阳能电池的前玻璃放置在工作台上，将所述封装胶敷设在钙钛矿太阳能电池的背面上，所述封装胶的外边缘小于前玻璃的外缘；
第二步骤、将背板玻璃放置在封装胶上，组成叠层结构；
第三步骤、将该叠层结构放入压合机，开启压合机，将所述钙钛矿太阳能电池封装在背板玻璃与前玻璃之间。
进一步地，所述开启压合机包括将压合机加热至50℃~130℃，以及开启真空装置将叠层结构所位于的腔室内的空气抽排净。
与现有技术相比，本发明的薄膜光伏组件封装结构与方法，在钙钛矿太阳能电池四周及侧面设置上封装胶膜以及封装胶，达到保护钙钛矿太阳能电池的作用，而且丁基胶材料的封装胶对于钙钛矿太阳能电池各层的材料而言是一种惰性材料，不与之反应，且丁基胶的材料成本低于EVA等传统光伏，而且，丁基胶的水气透过率低，抗浸润能力强，取得了非常好的效果。
附图说明
图1为现有技术中薄膜光伏组件封装结构剖面示意图；
图2本发明薄膜光伏组件封装结构一较佳实施例的剖面示意图；
图3为发明薄膜光伏组件封装结构另一较佳实施例的剖面示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明所要解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
请参照图2所示，本发明薄膜光伏组件封装结构的一较佳实施例，包括背板玻璃1、钙钛矿太阳能电池3、上封装胶膜4、前玻璃5以及封装胶2。
所述钙钛矿太阳能电池3的外形小于背板玻璃1与前玻璃5。所述上封装胶膜4设置在前玻璃5的下面，所述钙钛矿太阳能电池3正面（即受光工作面）朝上地设置在上封装胶膜4的下面，所述背板玻璃1设置在钙钛矿太阳能电池3的下面。所述封装胶2设置在上封装胶膜4的侧面，以及设置在所述钙钛矿太阳能电池3的背面与背板玻璃1之间。所述封装胶2为丁基胶。
该种结构形式简称为“三玻组件”，即包含有背板玻璃1与前玻璃5，以及中间夹个钙钛矿太阳能电池的玻璃。
请参照图3所示，本发明薄膜光伏组件封装结构的另一较佳实施例，包括背板玻璃1、钙钛矿太阳能电池3、前玻璃5以及封装胶2。所述钙钛矿太阳能电池3直接生长在前玻璃表面上。所述钙钛矿太阳能电池3设置在背板玻璃1与前玻璃5之间，所述背板玻璃1设置在钙钛矿太阳能电池3的下面，所述封装胶2设置在钙钛矿太阳能电池3的下面以及侧面。所述封装胶2为丁基胶。
该种结构形式简称为“双玻组件”，即包含有背板玻璃1与前玻璃5，而钙钛矿太阳能电池直接生长在前玻璃5上。
在上述薄膜光伏组件封装结构的实施例中，所述封装胶2的厚度为0.2mm~1.5mm。所述背板玻璃1和前玻璃5分别为超白低铁钢化玻璃、低铁压花钢化玻璃、半钢化玻璃、镀膜玻璃、TPT玻璃、TPE玻璃以及PET玻璃中的任意一种。
本发明是这样实现的，还提供一种如前述的薄膜光伏组件封装结构的封装方法实施例，包括如下步骤：
第一步骤、将所述前玻璃5放置在工作台上，在所述前玻璃5上自下而上依次放置上封装胶膜4和钙钛矿太阳能电池3，所述钙钛矿太阳能电池3的正面朝下；
第二步骤、将所述封装胶2敷设在钙钛矿太阳能电池3的背面上，所述封装胶2的外边缘小于前玻璃5的外缘；
第三步骤、将背板玻璃1放置在封装胶2上，组成叠层结构；
第四步骤、将该叠层结构放置入压合机中，开启压合机，将所述钙钛矿太阳能电池3封装在背板玻璃1与前玻璃5之间。
本发明是这样实现的，还提供如前述的另一种薄膜光伏组件封装结构的封装方法的实施例，包括如下步骤：
第一步骤、将所述包含有生长在其表面的钙钛矿太阳能电池3的前玻璃5放置在工作台上，将所述封装胶2敷设在钙钛矿太阳能电池3的背面上，所述封装胶2的外边缘小于前玻璃5的外缘；
第二步骤、将背板玻璃1放置在封装胶2上，组成叠层结构；
第三步骤、将该叠层结构放入压合机中，开启压合机，将所述钙钛矿太阳能电池3封装在背板玻璃1与前玻璃5之间。
在上述封装方法的实施例中，所述开启压合机包括将压合机加热至50℃~130℃，以及开启真空装置将叠层结构所位于的腔室内的空气抽排净。
丁基胶的阻水效果要远远优于传统的封装胶膜如EVA和聚烯烃（POE），丁基胶只覆盖钙钛矿太阳能电池3的背光面，也不会存在遮挡光线的问题。因此本发明采用丁基胶取代EVA，POE等封装胶膜对钙钛矿太阳能电池组件的背面及边缘部分进行封装，无论是用两片玻璃夹一片电池的模式，还是用一片玻璃盖在另一片包含有生长在其表面的钙钛矿太阳能电池的玻璃上面的方式，都是把封装胶膜（EVA和聚烯烃POE）等盖在相应钙钛矿太阳能电池3上的活性区域，然后用丁基胶等密封胶把整个背面密封住。
以下结合实施例来进一步说明本发明内容。
实施例一：
第一步骤、将彩色钢化玻璃（即前玻璃5）放置在工作台上，在所述彩色钢化玻璃上自下而上依次放置EVA上封装胶膜4和钙钛矿太阳能电池3，所述钙钛矿太阳能电池3的正面朝下；
第二步骤、将黑色丁基胶敷设在钙钛矿太阳能电池3的背面上，所述黑色丁基胶的外边缘小于前述彩色钢化玻璃的外缘；
第三步骤、将背板钢化玻璃（即背板玻璃1）放置在黑色丁基胶上，组成叠层结构；
第四步骤、将该叠层结构放置入压合机中，开启压合机，压合机加热至150℃，上下压差0.9个大气压，加压200秒，完成层压。
实施例二：
第一步骤、将表面生长有钙钛矿太阳能电池3的普通ITO钢化玻璃（即前玻璃5）有钙钛矿一侧朝上，放置在工作台上；
第二步骤、将黑色丁基胶覆设在钙钛矿太阳能电池3的背面上，所述黑色丁基胶的外边缘小于所述普通ITO钢化玻璃的外缘；
第三步骤、将背板钢化玻璃（即背板玻璃1）放置在黑色丁基胶上，组成叠层结构；
第四步骤、将该叠层结构放入压合机中，开启压合机，压合机加热至100℃，上下压差0.7个大气压，加压200秒，将所述钙钛矿太阳能电池3封装在背板钢化玻璃与普通ITO钢化玻璃之间。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种薄膜光伏组件封装结构，包括背板玻璃（1）、钙钛矿太阳能电池（3）、上封装胶膜（4）、前玻璃（5）以及封装胶（2），所述钙钛矿太阳能电池（3）的外形小于背板玻璃（1）与前玻璃（5），所述上封装胶膜（4）设置在前玻璃（5）的下面，所述钙钛矿太阳能电池（3）正面朝上地设置在上封装胶膜（4）的下面，所述背板玻璃（1）设置在钙钛矿太阳能电池（3）的下面，其特征在于，所述封装胶（2）设置在上封装胶膜（4）的侧面，以及设置在所述钙钛矿太阳能电池（3）的背面与背板玻璃（1）之间，所述封装胶（2）为丁基胶。
2.一种薄膜光伏组件封装结构，包括背板玻璃（1）、前玻璃（5）以及生长在前玻璃（5）表面的钙钛矿太阳能电池（3），以及封装胶（2），所述钙钛矿太阳能电池（3）设置在背板玻璃（1）与前玻璃（5）之间，其特征在于，所述背板玻璃（1）设置在钙钛矿太阳能电池（3）的下面，所述封装胶（2）设置在钙钛矿太阳能电池（3）的下面以及侧面，所述封装胶（2）为丁基胶。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的薄膜光伏组件封装结构，其特征在于，所述封装胶（2）的厚度为0.2mm~1.5mm。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的薄膜光伏组件封装结构，其特征在于，所述背板玻璃（1）和前玻璃（5）分别为超白低铁钢化玻璃、低铁压花钢化玻璃、半钢化玻璃、镀膜玻璃、TPT玻璃、TPE玻璃以及PET玻璃中的任意一种。
5.一种如权利要求1所述的薄膜光伏组件封装结构的封装方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
第一步骤、将所述前玻璃（5）放置在工作台上，在所述前玻璃（5）上自下而上依次放置上封装胶膜（4）和钙钛矿太阳能电池（3），所述钙钛矿太阳能电池（3）的正面朝下；
第二步骤、将所述封装胶（2）敷设在钙钛矿太阳能电池（3）的背面上，所述封装胶（2）的外边缘小于前玻璃（5）的外缘；
第三步骤、将背板玻璃（1）放置在封装胶（2）上，组成叠层结构；
第四步骤、将该叠层结构放入压合机中，开启压合机，将所述钙钛矿太阳能电池（3）封装在背板玻璃（1）与前玻璃（5）之间。
6.一种如权利要求2所述的薄膜光伏组件封装结构的封装方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
第一步骤、将所述包含有生长在其表面的钙钛矿太阳能电池（3）的前玻璃（5）放置在工作台上，将所述封装胶（2）敷设在钙钛矿太阳能电池（3）的背面上，所述封装胶（2）的外边缘小于前玻璃（5）的外缘；
第二步骤、将背板玻璃（1）放置在封装胶（2）上，组成叠层结构；
第三步骤、将该叠层结构放入压合机，开启压合机，将所述钙钛矿太阳能电池（3）封装在背板玻璃（1）与前玻璃（5）之间。
7.如权利要求5或6所述的薄膜光伏组件封装结构的封装方法，其特征在于，所述开启压合机包括将压合机加热至50℃~130℃，以及开启真空装置将叠层结构所位于的腔室内的空气抽排净。
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