CN109205882A - 一种医院污水的处理方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种医院污水的处理方法,包括医院污水的预处理、超滤膜过滤、絮凝沉淀、试剂消毒、紫外催化氧化等步骤。本方法处理效果好,污水净化程度高,且工艺控制简单,抗冲击性强,稳定性高。尤其是超滤膜过滤步骤的加入,提高了对病菌,微生物等的净化程度。同时紫外催化氧化步骤对污水进行深度处理,保证了污水整体的净化程度,提高了处理的质量。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及污水处理领域,尤其涉及一种医院污水的处理方法。
背景技术
医院污水主要是指医院或其他医疗机构的诊疗室、化验室、病房、洗衣房、X光片照相室和手术室等排放的污水。由于其特殊性,医院污水中含有多种致病菌、病毒、寄生虫卵和一些有毒有害物质、放射性污染物等,具有很强的传染性。尤其是传染病医院的污水更是含有大量的病原性微生物、病毒及有毒有害物质。如果不经过消毒处理任其排放进入城市下水管道或环境水体,这些病毒、病菌和寄生虫卵在环境中将成为一个集中的二次污染源,引起多种疾病的发生和蔓延,严重威胁人类的身体健康。因此,医院污水的安全稳定处理非常重要。目前医院污水很多都采用混凝沉淀、过滤、气浮等工艺,其中过滤的固液分离方式需要反冲,操作管理较为复杂,而气浮工艺中气体释放易导致二次污染。同时目前的常规处理很难对医院污水中的污染物完全去除。
因此提供一种工艺控制简单,处理效果好的医院污水的处理方法是本发明所要解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明克服了现有技术的不足,提供一种工艺控制简单,处理效果好的医院污水的处理方法。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:提供了一种医院污水的处理方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)医院污水预处理:
将污水通入调节槽中稳定水质,所述污水中COD含量为150-300 mg/L、BOD含量为80-150mg/L、SS含量为40-120mg/L、类大肠菌群含量为1.0×106-3.0×108个/L;
将污水通入格栅井中去除大颗粒杂质;
(2)超滤膜过滤:
医院污水进入超滤膜过滤器在加压条件下,进行过滤处理;
(3)絮凝沉淀:
医院污水进入絮凝池中,通过酸碱调节剂,控制污水pH值在7.5-8;
在加热并搅拌的状态下加入聚合氯化铝处理;监控pH值,pH值控制在7.5-8;反应时间控制在0.3-0.6h;
在加热并搅拌的状态下加入聚丙烯酰胺处理;监控pH值,pH值控制在6.5-7;反应时间控制在1.5-2.5h;
污水进入沉淀池进行固液分离,沉淀池上清液进入下一步骤;沉淀池底物质进入污泥压滤装置压滤成泥饼;
(4)试剂消毒:
经过絮凝沉淀的污水进入消毒接触池,与消毒试剂接触进行消毒处理;
(5)紫外催化氧化:
医院污水进入紫外催化氧化池;紫外光照射,并加入氧化剂、催化剂对医院污水进行深度处理;处理温度控制在35-70℃,压强为常压;
(6)经过检测合格后的医院污水排出。
作为一种优选方案,所述步骤(1)中污水在调节槽中的停留时间为6-12h。
作为一种更优选方案,所述步骤(1)中污水在格栅过滤器中的停留时间为8-25min。
作为一种优选方案,所述步骤(2)中超滤膜过滤时间为30-60min。
作为一种优选方案,所述步骤(3)中加入聚合氯化铝处理时反应温度控制在30-50℃。
作为一种优选方案,所述步骤(3)中加入聚丙烯酰胺处理时反应温度控制在40-60℃。
作为一种优选方案,所述步骤(4)中消毒试剂为次氯酸钠。
作为一种更优选方案,所述步骤(4)中消毒时间为0.5-1.5h。
作为一种优选方案,所述步骤(5)中紫外催化氧化时间为10-30min。
作为一种更优选方案,所述步骤(5)中氧化剂为双氧水;催化剂为稀土金属。
本发明的有益技术效果主要在于:提供了一种工艺控制简单,处理效果好的医院污水的处理方法。本方法采用格栅过滤、超滤膜过滤、絮凝沉淀、试剂消毒、紫外催化氧化等步骤联用的方法对医院产生的污水进行处理。处理效果好,污水净化程度高,且工艺控制简单,抗冲击性强,稳定性高。尤其是超滤膜过滤步骤的加入,提高了对病菌,微生物等的净化程度。同时紫外催化氧化步骤对污水进行深度处理,保证了污水整体的净化程度,提高了处理的质量。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案,而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。
一种医院污水的处理方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)医院污水预处理:
将污水通入调节槽中稳定水质,使水质均一稳定,避免水质波动较大,停留时间为6-12h。此时污水中COD含量为150-300 mg/L、BOD含量为80-150 mg/L、SS含量为40-120mg/L、类大肠菌群含量为1.0×106-3.0×108个/L;
将污水通入格栅井中去除大颗粒杂质,停留时间为8-25min。
(2)超滤膜过滤:
医院污水进入超滤膜过滤器在加压条件下,进行过滤处理,超滤膜过滤时间为30-60min。该步骤利用超滤膜组件的微孔筛分机理,通过超滤膜将污水中菌体、胶体、颗粒物、有机大分子等大尺寸物质截留。本步骤为常温操作,无相态变化,不产生二次污染。与传统的方法相比,具有操作方便、投资省、且水质优等优点。
(3)絮凝沉淀:
医院污水进入絮凝池中,通过酸碱调节剂,控制污水pH值在7.5-8;
在加热并搅拌的状态下加入聚合氯化铝处理并监控pH值,pH值控制在7.5-8,同时反应温度控制在30-50℃。该步骤反应时间控制在0.3-0.6h,由于反应时间较短,所以要强烈搅拌以保证充分反应,搅拌速度控制在700-1000rpm;
在加热并搅拌的状态下加入聚丙烯酰胺处理并监控pH值,pH值控制在6.5-7,同时反应温度控制在40-60℃。搅拌速度采用先快后慢的模式,先控制搅拌速度在600-800rpm,搅拌0.5-1h;之后降速至200-400rpm,搅拌时间1-1.5h。先快是为了混合均匀,后慢是为了避免破坏絮体。聚丙烯酰胺处理的总时间控制在1.5-2.5h;
聚合氯化铝与聚丙烯酰胺联合使用是为了让聚合氯化铝先完成中和电荷/胶体脱稳形成细小絮体之后,将能够对污水中油粒的吸附起架桥作用,并对污水中胶粒具有席卷、包裹作用的聚丙烯酰胺加入,从而进一步加大絮体体积有利于充分沉淀。因此为了保证混凝絮凝的效果,应严格加入的次序,先加入聚合氯化铝,再加入聚丙烯酰胺;
经过絮凝后的污水进入沉淀池进行固液分离,沉淀池上清液进入下一步骤;沉淀池底物质进入污泥压滤装置压滤成泥饼;
经过上述步骤后,污水中的COD、BOD、SS、油质物质基本被去除。
(4)试剂消毒:
经过絮凝沉淀的污水进入消毒接触池,与消毒试剂接触进行消毒处理,时间控制在0.5-1.5h。消毒剂选用次氯酸钠,这是由于:几种常规的消毒剂中:液氯的费用最低,但是危险性大,一旦泄露会产生很严重的后果,在医院不能采用。臭氧的消毒效果好,也不会残留有害物质,可是在国内还没有成熟的设备且设备价格很高、运行费用也比较高。二氧化氯在空气中和水中浓度达到一定程度会发生爆炸,因此该法不适用于医院污水的处理。而次氯酸钠比较安全,价格低廉,来源广泛且消毒效果好。故采用次氯酸钠作为本发明的消毒剂。
(5)紫外催化氧化:
医院污水进入紫外催化氧化池;紫外光照射,并加入作为氧化剂的双氧水、作为催化剂的稀土金属,对医院污水进行深度处理;紫外催化氧化时间为10-30min,处理温度控制在35-70℃,压强为常压;
该步骤利用紫外光、氧化剂及催化剂极强的协同催化氧化作用,在较低的温度(35-70℃)以及常压下,使污水中的难处理有机物彻底分解成CO2、水等无害成份,并同时除臭、脱色及杀菌消毒。该步骤操作成本相对较高,故放在整个处理工艺的最后,对于之前步骤无法处理的污染物进行深度处理。
(6)经过检测合格后的医院污水排出:
参照《医疗机构水污染物排放标准》(GB18466-2005)中的相关规定对污水进行检测,合格后正常排放或者回收利用。
以上依据本发明的理想实施例为启示,通过上述的说明内容,相关人员完全可以在不偏离本项发明技术思想的范围内,进行多样的变更以及修改。本项发明的技术性范围并不局限于说明书上的内容,必须要根据权利要求范围来确定技术性范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种医院污水的处理方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)医院污水预处理:
将污水通入调节槽中稳定水质,所述污水中COD含量为150-300 mg/L、BOD含量为80-150 mg/L、SS含量为40-120mg/L、类大肠菌群含量为1.0×106-3.0×108个/L;
将污水通入格栅井中去除大颗粒杂质;
(2)超滤膜过滤:
医院污水进入超滤膜过滤器在加压条件下,进行过滤处理;
(3)絮凝沉淀:
医院污水进入絮凝池中,通过酸碱调节剂,控制污水pH值在7.5-8;
在加热并搅拌的状态下加入聚合氯化铝处理;监控pH值,pH值控制在7.5-8;反应时间控制在0.3-0.6h;
在加热并搅拌的状态下加入聚丙烯酰胺处理;监控pH值,pH值控制在6.5-7;反应时间控制在1.5-2.5h;
污水进入沉淀池进行固液分离,沉淀池上清液进入下一步骤;沉淀池底物质进入污泥压滤装置压滤成泥饼;
(4)试剂消毒:
经过絮凝沉淀的污水进入消毒接触池,与消毒试剂接触进行消毒处理;
(5)紫外催化氧化:
医院污水进入紫外催化氧化池;紫外光照射,并加入氧化剂、催化剂对医院污水进行深度处理;处理温度控制在35-70℃,压强为常压;
(6)经过检测合格后的医院污水排出。
2.根据权利要求1所述的医院污水的处理方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中污水在调节槽中的停留时间为6-12h。
3.根据权利要求2所述的医院污水的处理方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中污水在格栅过滤器中的停留时间为8-25min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的医院污水的处理方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中超滤膜过滤时间为30-60min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的医院污水的处理方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中加入聚合氯化铝处理时反应温度控制在30-50℃。
6.根据权利要求1所述的医院污水的处理方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中加入聚丙烯酰胺处理时反应温度控制在40-60℃。
7.根据权利要求1所述的医院污水的处理方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(4)中消毒试剂为次氯酸钠。
8.根据权利要求7所述的医院污水的处理方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(4)中消毒时间为0.5-1.5h。
9.根据权利要求1所述的医院污水的处理方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(5)中紫外催化氧化时间为10-30min。
10.根据权利要求9所述的医院污水的处理方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(5)中氧化剂为双氧水;催化剂为稀土金属。
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