CN109204316B - 车辆以及为车辆提供信息的方法 - Google Patents
车辆以及为车辆提供信息的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种引导车辆的滑行时间点的方法包括以下步骤:检测前方减速事件的发生;基于检测到的前方减速事件的发生和车辆行驶状态的信息来确定针对每个减速事件的驾驶员的滑行特性;以及基于与检测到的减速事件的类型对应的滑行特性的确定结果来确定滑行引导时间点。该方法为了在认为前方有减速情形时在适当时间点处开始滑行,将驾驶员需要释放加速度踏板操作的时间点的信息提供给驾驶员。
Description
技术领域
本公开涉及一种车辆以及为其提供信息的方法,并且更具体地,涉及一种当认为减速情形即将发生时,为了在适当时间点处开始滑行,向驾驶员指示驾驶员需要释放加速器踏板操作的时间点的方法,以及一种实现有该方法的车辆。
背景技术
近来,随着对提高车辆燃料效率的需求增加以及许多国家对车辆排放的严格规定,对环保型车辆的需求也增加。为了满足这种需求和规定,已经开发了环保型车辆,例如混合动力车辆和电动车辆。
然而,这些车辆需要具有与一般内燃机车辆不同的传动系和控制系统。因此,需要一种也可以应用于一般车辆的增加燃料效率和减少废气的方法。
作为这些方法中的一种,当在前方预期到减速情形时,可能期望通过向驾驶员提示在适当的时间点将他/她的脚从加速器踏板释放,来引导车辆使用惯性执行行驶(或“滑行”),这可以防止不必要的燃料消耗。特别地,在具有驱动电动机的混合动力车辆的情况下,当不操作加速器踏板时可以预期到燃料消耗的减少,并且当需要减速时,在不使用液压制动器,而仅使用电动机的再生制动力的情况下,可以预期到更大的燃料效率增加。
特别地,由于最近引入的高精度地图和车辆传感器,当可以更精确地预测即将到来/前方(upcoming)减速情形(例如,速度摄像机、收费站和弯曲道路)时,经由这种滑行的减速可以是更有用的。这将在下面参考图1来描述。
图1是用于说明一般滑行引导的概念的视图。
参考图1,当车辆经由高精度地图和车辆传感器获取到关于前方减速事件的信息时,可以计算距前方减速事件的剩余距离以及车辆的目标速度。当将计算出的信息与经由测试等获得的每个车辆和每个速度的滑行距离曲线(profile)进行匹配时,可以计算当前车辆速度下滑行达到目标速度所需的距离。因此,当车辆在距前方减速事件的剩余距离达到所需的滑行距离的时间点处,以预定形式向驾驶员发出通知时,驾驶员可以通过从加速器踏板释放他/她的脚来开始滑行。
因此,不必要的燃料消耗被减少了驾驶员首先从加速器踏板释放他/她的脚的时间点与驾驶员在视觉上识别到前方减速事件之后经由制动器执行制动的时间点之间的时间量。当然,在将要发送通知的时间点之前,当驾驶员从加速器踏板释放他/她的脚时,可以没有输出通知。
然而,当在这样的滑行中使用利用了电动机的再生制动力进行的减速时,与作用于滑行的再生制动力对应的扭矩(即,滑行扭矩)通常可能提供较小的减速,从而带来妨碍交通流的风险。
因此,当应用向驾驶员指示关于滑行时间点的信息的功能时,可以施加与一般滑行扭矩不同的扭矩。这将在下面参考图2来描述。
图2是用于说明经由一般滑行线调整的滑行引导的概念的视图。
参考图2,当应用于一般滑行的滑行扭矩被施加时,表示车辆速度相对于距离的变化的线可以被称为“基本滑行线”,并且当施加大于一般滑行扭矩的扭矩时,表示车辆速度相对于距离的变化的线可以被称为“增加的滑行线”。
当增加的滑行线应用于滑行时间点引导时,与图1相比,增大燃料效率的效果稍微受损,但是可以在不扰乱周围交通流的水平下执行减速,并且因此滑行距离在一定程度上减小。增加的滑行线通常基于工程师的确定来设置。
然而,即使如上所述使用基本滑行线和增加的滑行线,由于一律地根据当前速度、目标速度和剩余距离计算所需滑行距离,因此加速器踏板释放时间点是在没有考虑减速事件的类型或驾驶员的倾向的情况下引导的。具体地,下面将参考图3和图4来描述基于驾驶员的倾向的问题。
图3是用于说明当将一般滑行时间点引导应用于具有缓慢型驾驶或保守型驾驶的倾向的驾驶员时的问题的视图。
参考图3,当向具有比普通驾驶员更温和(缓慢型或保守型)驾驶倾向的驾驶员提供一般滑行时间点引导时,这样的驾驶员不太可能从滑行引导中受益。也就是说,由于具有保守型驾驶倾向的驾驶员趋于在车辆达到滑行引导点之前提前释放加速器踏板操作(APS关闭),因此车辆可能应用基本滑行线,而不是取决于滑行引导功能的增加的滑行线。在这种情况下,驾驶员无法接收关于滑行时间点的引导,并且由于目标点附近的制动量的增加而导致液压制动的可能性增加,这可能使再生制动效率劣化。
图4是用于说明当将一般滑行时间点引导应用于具有激进型驾驶倾向的驾驶员时的问题的视图。
参考图4,当向具有比普通驾驶员更激进(进攻型)驾驶倾向的驾驶员提供一般滑行时间点引导时,这样的驾驶员感觉到引导时间点较早并且仍然趋于不遵循滑行引导。也就是说,由于即使在基于增加的滑行线的引导时间点下,驾驶员也不参与滑行引导,因为他们感觉到这与他们的实际驾驶习惯太不相同了,因此滑行引导功能的效果可能根本看不到。
发明内容
因此,本公开涉及一种车辆以及为其提供信息的方法,其基本上消除了由于相关技术的限制和缺点而导致的一个或多个问题。
本公开的目的在于提供一种在车辆中更高效地调整滑行引导时间点的方法以及实现该方法的车辆。
更具体地,本公开的目的在于提供一种能够执行针对各驾驶员倾向而优化的滑行引导的方法以及实现该方法的车辆。
本公开的优点、目的和特征的一部分将在下面的描述中阐述,并且在研究以下内容后,一部分对于本领域普通技术人员将变得明显,或者可以从实践本公开中学习。本公开的目的和其他优点可以通过在所撰写的说明书及其权利要求书以及附图中特别指出的结构来实现和获得。
为了实现这些目的和其他优点,并且根据本公开的目的,如在此具体化和广泛描述的,一种引导车辆的滑行时间点的方法包括以下步骤:由车辆的减速事件检测装置检测前方减速事件的发生;由车辆的引导信息控制器基于检测到的前方减速事件的发生和车辆行驶状态的信息来确定针对每个减速事件的驾驶员的滑行特性;以及由引导信息控制器基于与检测到的减速事件的类型对应的滑行特性的确定结果来确定滑行引导时间点。
在本公开的另一个方面中,车辆包括:减速事件检测装置,被配置为检测是否发生减速事件;以及引导信息控制器,被配置为:通过获取来自减速事件检测装置的关于检测到的减速事件的信息以及关于车辆行驶状态的信息,来确定针对每个减速事件的驾驶员的滑行特性,并且基于与检测到的当前减速事件的类型对应的滑行特性的确定结果来确定滑行引导时间点。
应当理解的是,本公开的上述一般性描述和以下详细描述都是示例性和说明性的,并且旨在提供对所要求保护的本公开的进一步说明。
附图说明
被包括以提供对本公开的进一步理解并且被并入和构成本申请的一部分的附图示出了本公开的实施例(多个实施例),并且与说明书一起用于说明本公开的原理。在附图中:
图1是用于说明一般滑行引导的概念的视图;
图2是用于说明经由一般滑行线调整的滑行引导的概念的视图;
图3是用于说明当对具有保守型驾驶倾向的驾驶员应用一般滑行时间点引导时的问题的视图;
图4是用于说明当对具有激进型驾驶倾向的驾驶员应用一般滑行时间点引导时的问题的视图;
图5是示意性地说明根据本公开的实施例的滑行时间点引导过程的视图;
图6是用于说明根据本公开的实施例的滑行时间点引导过程的视图;
图7是示出根据本公开的实施例的滑行时间点引导过程的示例的流程图;以及
图8是示出根据本公开的另一个实施例的车辆结构的示例的框图。
具体实施方式
现在将详细参考本公开的优选实施例,其示例在附图中示出。然而,将理解的是,本公开不应局限于这些实施例,并且可以以各种方式进行修改。在附图中,为了清楚和简要地说明本公开,省略了与说明书没有关联的元件的说明,并且贯穿说明书,相同或非常相似的元件由相同的附图标记表示。
在整个说明书中,当元件被称为“包括”另一个元件时,该元件不应该被理解为排除其他元件,只要不存在特别的冲突描述,并且该元件可以包括至少一个其他元件。只要可能,在整个附图中将使用相同的附图标记来指代相同或相似的部分。
在向驾驶员提供滑行引导时,当在目标速度均匀固定的条件下提供引导时,难以满足所有各种驾驶员的驾驶倾向。因此,本公开的实施例提出学习驾驶员的滑行特性并且基于此可变地确定引导时间点。
根据本实施例的滑行时间点引导过程可以基本上被划分为三个步骤。第一步骤是学习驾驶员的滑行特性的步骤,第二步骤是基于学习确定滑行引导时间点的步骤,并且第三步骤是根据驾驶员在当前滑行引导中的参加率来实现附加的引导时间点校正。
下面将参考图5来描述各个步骤的概念。
图5是用于示意性说明根据本公开的实施例的滑行时间点引导过程的视图。
在图5中,示出了三个图,并且各图对应于上述三个步骤。另外,在图5中,基本滑行线被设定为最大化滑行效率,并且通过将基本滑行线应用于事件点处的目标速度而反向算出的点被设定为滑行效率最大化点。另外,通过将可以根据车辆特性增加的最大滑行线应用于事件点处的目标速度而反向算出的点被设定为滑行极限点。
首先,将参考图5的最上面的图描述学习步骤。
学习步骤可以被执行为:为了学习驾驶员的滑行特性,存储关于针对每个减速事件(例如,收费站、高速公路斜坡和速度摄像机)的当释放驾驶员的APS时距事件的剩余距离的信息。另外,本步骤可以包括:基于关于累积和存储的剩余距离的信息的平均值来预测和学习当前驾驶员的释放点的过程。通过这个过程,如在图5的最上面的图中那样,可以在滑行效率最大化点与滑行极限点之间设定平均APS释放点和与之对应的滑行线。
接下来,将参考图5的中间图描述引导时间点确定步骤。
确定步骤可以被执行为:在滑行效率增大的方向上与驾驶员的平均APS释放点位移预定距离的点处输出滑行引导。当然,即使执行了点位移,最终引导点也可以被限制在滑行效率最大值点与滑行极限点之间的范围内。
将参考图5的最下面的图描述附加引导时间点校正实现步骤。
附加校正实现步骤是在确定步骤中基于引导输出中的驾驶员的参加率来实现引导时间点校正的步骤。例如,输出引导中的驾驶员的参加率(在输出引导之后预定时间范围内APS被释放的频度)越高,则引导点可以在滑行效率增大的方向上位移。
下面将参考图6和图7更加详细地描述在上面参考图5描述的概念中的学习步骤和确定步骤以及基于其的引导输出过程。
图6是用于说明根据本公开的实施例的滑行时间点引导过程的视图,并且图7是示出根据本公开的实施例的滑行时间点引导过程的示例的流程图。
参考图7,首先,可以确定是否存在前方减速事件(S710)。当存在前方减速事件时,可以确定是否完全掌握驾驶员的APS释放倾向(S720)。这里,完全掌握倾向可以意味着关于在针对当前前方减速事件释放驾驶员的APS时距对应事件的剩余距离的信息被收集并学习预设次数以上(即,已经确定了令人满意的平均和分布)。
当没有完全掌握驾驶员的APS释放倾向时,可以存储针对当前前方减速事件的驾驶员的APS释放时间点(或者当APS被释放时距对应事件的剩余距离)以便进行学习(S780)。
相反,当完全掌握了驾驶员的APS释放倾向时,可以分别计算滑行效率最大化点(图6中的“d”)和滑行引导极限点(图6中的“a”)。
这里,可以基于车辆行驶负荷、前方倾斜、当前速度或基本滑行扭矩中的至少一个来计算滑行效率最大化点d。另外,可以基于车辆行驶负荷、前方倾斜、当前速度或最大滑行扭矩中的至少一个来计算滑行引导极限点a。这里,基本滑行扭矩和极限滑行扭矩可以表示混合动力车辆中的电动机的再生制动时的扭矩。
另外,可以计算滑行引导时间点(图6中的“c”)(S750)。
可以通过将预定校正值(图6中的“α”)与驾驶员的APS释放时间点(图6中的“b”)相加来计算滑行引导时间点c。此时,当滑行效率最大化点d比驾驶员的APS释放时间点b更远离事件点时,校正值可以具有正值,否则可以具有负值(如果d>b,则a>0,否则a<0)。
当确定了滑行引导时间点c时,可以通过反映引导时间点的最大值和最小值来确定最终滑行引导时间点c'(S760)。这里,引导时间点的最大值对应于先前获取的滑行效率最大化点d,并且引导时间点的最小值对应于滑行引导极限点a。因此,最终滑行引导时间点c'不能小于滑行引导极限点a,并且不能大于滑行效率最大化点d。也就是说,可以确定c’=min(d,max(a,c))的关系。
当确定了最终滑行引导时间点c’时,可以在对应的时间点处输出滑行引导信息(S770)。
当然,虽然没有示出,但是如上所述,将理解的是,在步骤S770之后,可以根据是否在自输出滑行引导信息的时间点起预定时间/距离内执行APS关闭来附加地调整针对对应事件的“α”值。
接下来,将参考图8描述可以执行上述方法的车辆结构。
图8是示出根据本公开的另一个实施例的车辆结构的示例的框图。在图8中示出的组成元件仅仅是执行本实施例所需的组成元件的一部分,并且需要注意的是也可以包含更多的组成元件。
参考图8,根据本实施例的车辆可以包括减速事件检测装置810、引导信息控制器820和输出装置830。在下文中,将详细描述各个单元。
减速事件检测装置810用于检测是否发生前方减速事件,并发送关于检测到的前方减速事件的信息。减速事件检测装置810可以包括至少一个传感器811和导航系统813。至少一个传感器811可以用于检测是否发生前方减速事件以及车辆的行驶状态,并且可以包括例如雷达、距离传感器、车辆速度传感器、相机、APS或BPS,但是这仅仅是作为示例给出的,并且可以应用任何其他类型的传感器,只要它能够检测是否发生前方减速事件以及车辆的行驶状态的变化。这里,车辆的行驶状态可以包括关于针对至少一个前方减速事件的APS释放时间点的信息,并且可以附加地包括关于行驶负荷、前方倾斜和当前速度中的至少一个的信息,以用于计算滑行效率最大化点d和滑行引导极限点a。
另外,导航系统813可以基于例如使用地图信息(例如,精确的数字地图)获取的位于当前行驶方向前方的道路或其周边的形状/类型、道路或其周边的设施(例如,斜坡、急弯或学校/运动场区域)、以及正在执行路线引导时路线上的行驶方向的变化(例如,左转、右转和掉头),来确定是否存在前方减速事件。另外,当释放APS时,导航系统可以计算关于距事件的剩余距离的信息。
如上所述,由减速事件检测装置810检测到的信息被发送到引导信息控制器820。
引导信息控制器820是执行软件指令的电路,从而执行下文所述的各种功能。
引导信息控制器820可以包括:存储器821,其累积和存储来自减速事件检测装置810的关于每个事件的驾驶员的APS释放时间点以及当释放APS时距对应事件的剩余距离的信息;以及确定模块823,其在从减速事件检测装置810接收到前方减速事件信息时,通过使用存储在存储器821中的信息以及接收到的信息,执行图7的步骤S720至S760,来确定最终滑行引导时间点。
引导信息控制器820可以向输出装置830请求输出引导信息,或者可以控制输出装置830在所确定的最终滑行引导时间点处经由输出装置830输出引导信息。
输出装置830可以包括用于视觉引导输出的显示器831或用于听觉引导输出的扬声器833中的至少一个。这里,显示器831可以包括仪表群的至少一个区域、平视显示器(HUD)或AVN系统的显示器中的至少一个,但是这仅仅是作为示例给出的,并且可以应用任何类型的车辆显示器,只要可以在视觉上引导滑行时间点。
在上述车辆结构中,作为不同元件写出的两个或更多个组成元件可以被实现为实际车辆中的一个装置,并且单个组成元件可以被实现为实际车辆中具有分布式功能的两个或更多个装置。
例如,减速事件检测装置810、引导信息控制器820和输出装置830可以全部被实现为经由AVN系统一起执行各个功能。在另一个示例中,引导信息控制器820和输出装置830可以被实现为包括在仪表群中。
当执行根据上述本公开的实施例的滑行时间点引导时,可以预期以下效果。
首先,可以通过基于当前的驾驶习惯,以逐渐增大滑行效率的方式指示开始滑行的点,来增加滑行中的参加率。另外,范围从具有保守型驾驶倾向的驾驶员到具有激进型驾驶倾向的驾驶员的所有驾驶员都可以预期到与常规驾驶相比增大的燃料效率的效果,并且因此可以预期到减少废气排放的效果。另外,由于考虑到驾驶习惯,与现有功能相比可以提供智能品牌形象,因此可以改善车辆的适销性。
上面描述的本公开可以被实现为记录有程序的介质中的计算机可读代码。计算机可读记录介质包括存储有可由计算机系统读取的数据的各种类型的记录装置。计算机可读记录介质包括硬盘驱动器(HDD)、固态驱动器(SSD)、硅盘驱动器(SDD)、ROM、RAM、CD-ROM、磁带、软盘、光学数据存储系统等。
从以上描述中显而易见,与具有上述配置的本公开的至少一个实施例关联的车辆能够在更高效的时间点处向驾驶员提供滑行引导。
特别地,由于根据本公开的车辆学习驾驶员的滑行特性并基于其可变地确定引导时间点,因此可以确定针对每个前方减速事件和各驾驶员的特性优化了的滑行引导时间点,这使得能够在驾驶员期望的减速地点的通过速度处提供滑行引导。
对于本领域技术人员来说显而易见的是,在不脱离本公开的精神或范围的情况下,可以在本公开中进行各种修改和变型。因此,本公开旨在覆盖本公开的修改和变型,只要它们落入所附权利要求及其等效物的范围内。
Claims (17)
1.一种引导车辆的滑行时间点的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
由车辆的减速事件检测装置检测前方减速事件的发生;
由车辆的引导信息控制器基于至少一个先前的减速事件和车辆行驶状态的信息,来确定针对每个减速事件的驾驶员的滑行特性;以及
由所述引导信息控制器基于与检测到的减速事件的类型对应的滑行特性的确定结果,来确定滑行引导时间点,
其中,驾驶员的滑行特性是通过以下步骤确定的:存储关于当驾驶员针对每个减速事件释放加速器踏板操作时距对应减速事件的距离的信息,基于关于所累积和存储的剩余距离的多条信息的平均值,预测和学习用于驾驶员释放加速器踏板操作的释放点。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,确定滑行引导时间点的步骤包括:
确定第一点,所述第一点是驾驶员平均释放加速器踏板操作的点。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中,确定滑行引导时间点的步骤包括:
通过将校正值与所述第一点相加来确定第二点。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中,确定滑行引导时间点的步骤还包括:
计算第三点和第四点,所述第三点是滑行效率最大化点,并且所述第四点是滑行极限点。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中,当所述第三点比所述第一点更远离检测到的减速事件时,所述校正值具有正值,并且当所述第三点比所述第一点更靠近检测到的减速事件时,所述校正值具有负值。
6.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中,所述第三点是基于当前行驶状况和电动机的基本滑行扭矩来确定的,并且
其中,所述第四点是基于当前行驶状况和电动机的最大滑行扭矩来确定的。
7.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中,确定滑行引导时间点的步骤还包括:
将所述第三点、以及所述第四点和所述第二点中更远离检测到的减速事件的一个点当中的更靠近检测到的减速事件的点确定为最终滑行引导点。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,还包括以下步骤:
由车辆的输出装置在已经达到所述最终滑行引导点的时间点处输出预定类型的引导信息;以及
由所述引导信息控制器基于在输出引导信息后的预定时间内驾驶员释放加速器踏板操作的频度,来调整所述校正值。
9.一种计算机可读记录介质,在其中记录有用于执行根据权利要求1所述的引导车辆的滑行时间点的方法的程序。
10.一种车辆,包括:
减速事件检测装置,被配置为:检测是否发生减速事件;和
引导信息控制器,被配置为:
通过获取来自所述减速事件检测装置的至少一个先前减速事件的信息以及关于车辆行驶状态的信息,来确定针对每个减速事件的驾驶员的滑行特性;以及
基于与检测到的当前减速事件的类型对应的滑行特性的确定结果,来确定滑行引导时间点,
其中,驾驶员的滑行特性是通过以下步骤确定的:存储关于当驾驶员针对每个减速事件释放加速器踏板操作时距对应减速事件的距离的信息,基于关于所累积和存储的剩余距离的多条信息的平均值,预测和学习用于驾驶员释放加速器踏板操作的释放点。
11.根据权利要求10所述的车辆,其中,所述引导信息控制器确定第一点,所述第一点是驾驶员平均释放加速器踏板操作的点。
12.根据权利要求11所述的车辆,其中,所述引导信息控制器通过将校正值与所述第一点相加来确定第二点。
13.根据权利要求12所述的车辆,其中,所述引导信息控制器计算第三点和第四点,所述第三点是滑行效率最大化点,并且所述第四点是滑行极限点。
14.根据权利要求13所述的车辆,其中,当所述第三点比所述第一点更远离检测到的减速事件时,所述校正值具有正值,并且当所述第三点比所述第一点更靠近检测到的减速事件时,所述校正值具有负值。
15.根据权利要求13所述的车辆,其中,所述第三点是基于当前行驶状况和电动机的基本滑行扭矩来确定的,并且
其中,所述第四点是基于当前行驶状况和电动机的最大滑行扭矩来确定的。
16.根据权利要求13所述的车辆,其中,所述引导信息控制器将所述第三点、以及所述第四点和所述第二点中更远离检测到的减速事件的一个点当中的更靠近检测到的减速事件的点确定为最终滑行引导点。
17.根据权利要求16所述的车辆,还包括:
输出装置,被配置为:在已经达到所述最终滑行引导点的时间点处输出预定类型的引导信息,
其中,所述引导信息控制器基于在输出引导信息后的预定时间内驾驶员释放加速器踏板操作的频度来调整所述校正值。
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