CN109201453B

CN109201453B - Be suitable for precooling hierarchical packing plant of middle-size and small-size plantation blueberry of gathering

Info

Publication number: CN109201453B
Application number: CN201810917858.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘自年; 万春雁; 潘芹; 糜林; 陈雪平
Original assignee: Jiangsu Fengnian Fruit Plantation Co ltd; Zhenjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences Jiangsu Hilly Area
Current assignee: Jiangsu Fengnian Fruit Plantation Co ltd; Zhenjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences Jiangsu Hilly Area
Priority date: 2018-08-13
Filing date: 2018-08-13
Publication date: 2022-04-12
Anticipated expiration: 2038-08-13
Also published as: CN109201453A

Abstract

The invention discloses a precooling and grading packaging device suitable for harvesting blueberries in small and medium-sized plantations, which comprises a box body, wherein a collecting basket is arranged above the box body, a screening plate is arranged at the upper part in the box body, small fruit screening holes and a large fruit falling opening are formed in the screening plate, a driving device is arranged below the screening plate, a small fruit collecting funnel is arranged below the small fruit screening holes, and a large fruit collecting funnel is arranged below the large fruit falling opening; one side of the box body is provided with a precooling device. According to the invention, the size grading, precooling and packaging of the blueberry fruits are integrally designed, and the blueberry fruits picked in summer are precooled and then transported to a refrigeration house for storage or transported to market for sale, so that the freshness of the blueberries is maintained to the greatest extent, and the probability of bad fruits in the picking and transporting processes is reduced. When the blueberries are screened on the screening plate and fall down in the funnel for packaging, cold air blown in by the precooling device is well received, and the cold air are combined, so that the blueberry precooling is uniform, high in speed and good in effect.

Description

Be suitable for precooling hierarchical packing plant of middle-size and small-size plantation blueberry of gathering

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of blueberry harvesting, and particularly relates to a precooling and grading packaging device suitable for harvesting blueberries in small and medium-sized plantations.

Background

The dwarf blueberry is small in fruit, manual picking is difficult, and the comb-shaped manual picker is used most quickly and conveniently. After the fruits are harvested, impurities such as branches, leaves or stones are removed, and the fruits are placed into a container. Large blueberry plantations in the United states and Canada mostly adopt mechanical harvesting of lowbush blueberries. The harvesting machine is also a large comb-shaped harvesting device, is provided with a shaking device, swings up and down and left and right during harvesting, harvests the fruits, and then transports the fruits to a cleaner by a conveyor belt.

Labor resources are abundant in China, manual harvesting is mostly adopted for medium and small blueberry plantations, blueberry fruits are placed into a plastic food box and then placed into a tray after manual harvesting, and generally about 40kg of blueberry fruits are harvested by one adult labor every day. When the fruits are picked manually, the fruits can be directly picked and graded according to the sizes and the maturity of the fruits, but the grading speed is low, and the precision is low.

The period of 7-8 months is the mature period of a few blueberries, most of the blueberries are picked in the period, but the period of 7-8 months is summer, the temperature in the south of the Su is high, fresh blueberries which are just picked need to be pre-cooled, the traditional method is that the temperature is reduced to below 10 ℃ in a shade place and then the fresh blueberries are put into a cold storage, so that the field heat can be removed, the blueberries can be prevented from being rotted, and the blueberries can be stored in a refrigerator or the cold storage for one month and can be stored for several months by freezing. The blueberry is not suitable to be harvested in rainy days or in the morning when dew exists and in the noon when the temperature is too high and the strong light irradiates, so that the storability is reduced, but the temperature difference in the early and late summer of Sunan is not large, the temperature is over 30 ℃ after the dew evaporates in the early morning, in the afternoon or in the evening, great inconvenience is brought to the temperature reduction of the blueberry, the traditional method for cooling the blueberry in a shade place is poor in effect and slow in speed, the precooling effect of being reduced to below 10 ℃ cannot be achieved, the storage of the blueberry in the later period is affected, and the freshness of blueberry fruits is affected.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a precooling and grading packaging device suitable for harvesting blueberries in small and medium-sized plantations.

The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a precooling and grading packaging device suitable for harvesting blueberries in small and medium-sized plantations comprises a box body, a power supply device and a controller, wherein a collecting basket is arranged above the box body, a pull-out baffle is arranged at the lower end of the collecting basket, a screening plate is arranged at the upper part in the box body, small fruit screening holes are formed in a panel on one half side of the screening plate, a large fruit falling opening is formed in the side edge of the panel on the other half side of the screening plate, and a baffle is arranged on the large fruit falling opening; a rotating shaft is arranged in the middle of the screening plate, and two ends of the rotating shaft are arranged on the side wall of the box body; a driving device for driving the screening plate to move up and down is arranged on one side below the screening plate, and the upper end of the driving device is hinged with the lower surface of the screening plate; a small fruit collecting funnel is arranged below the small fruit screening hole, and a big fruit collecting funnel is arranged below the big fruit falling opening; one side of the box body is provided with a precooling device, the precooling device is communicated with the interior of the box body through a cold air inlet arranged on the side wall of the box body, and the precooling device comprises a fan and a cooling part.

Preferably, the pre-cooling device further comprises a pre-cooling box arranged on the side wall of the box body, the fan is arranged at an inlet of the pre-cooling box, and the cold air inlet is arranged on the side wall of the box body at an outlet of the pre-cooling box. The cooling components are semiconductor refrigeration pieces arranged on the left side wall, the right side wall and/or the upper side wall and the lower side wall of the precooling box, the cold ends of the semiconductor refrigeration pieces are arranged in the precooling box, the hot ends of the semiconductor refrigeration pieces are arranged outside the precooling box, and a cooling air channel is formed between the cooling components on the side walls of the precooling box.

Preferably, a cold guide block is arranged on the cold end of the semiconductor refrigeration piece, a radiating fin is arranged on the surface of the hot end of the semiconductor refrigeration piece, heat-conducting silicone grease is coated between the hot end and the radiating fin, and a radiating fan is arranged outside the radiating fin.

Preferably, the driving device is a first air cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, an electric push rod or a pneumatic push rod, a cylinder barrel of the first air cylinder is fixedly arranged on the side wall of the box body, and the front end of a piston rod of the first air cylinder is hinged with the bottom surface of the screening plate.

Preferably, a boxing device is arranged below the small fruit collecting funnel and the big fruit collecting funnel, the boxing device comprises a supporting plate hinged on the inner wall of the box body and a slide rail located on the lower portion of the edge of the supporting plate and extending downwards in an inclined mode, a second air cylinder is arranged below the supporting plate, and the front end of a piston rod of the second air cylinder is hinged to the lower surface of the supporting plate.

Preferably, a weighing sensor is arranged on the supporting plate, the second air cylinder and the weighing sensor are respectively connected with the controller and the power supply device, second baffles are arranged at the lower ends of the small fruit collecting funnel and the big fruit collecting funnel, the second baffles are controlled through a third air cylinder, a piston rod of the third air cylinder is connected with the second baffles, the second baffles are controlled to move horizontally, and therefore the small fruit collecting funnel and the big fruit collecting funnel are controlled to be opened and closed, and the third air cylinder is connected with the controller.

Preferably, a bad fruit collecting basket is arranged on the outer side wall of the box body.

Preferably, universal wheels are arranged at the bottom of the box body, the power supply device is a rechargeable lithium battery, the controller is a PLC (programmable logic controller), and the driving device and the cooling part are respectively connected with the power supply device and the controller.

Preferably, the upper ends of the pre-cooling box and the cold air inlet extend to the bottom of the collecting basket, the lower ends of the pre-cooling box and the cold air inlet extend to the upper surface of the supporting plate, and the small fruit collecting funnel and the large fruit collecting funnel are designed in a hollow grid mode.

Preferably, cushions made of thin sponge or foam are provided on the upper surface of the sieving plate and the inner surfaces of the small fruit collecting hopper and the large fruit collecting hopper.

Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

the precooling and grading packaging device suitable for harvesting blueberries in small and medium-sized plantations integrates the size grading, precooling and packaging of the blueberries, and the blueberries harvested in summer are precooled and then transported to a refrigeration house for storage or to be sold in the market, so that the freshness of the blueberries is maintained to the greatest extent, and the probability of damaged fruits in the picking and transporting processes is reduced. The blueberry precooling machine has the greatest characteristic that cold air blown by the precooling device is well received when blueberries are screened on the screening plate and fall down in the funnel for packaging, and the combination of the cold air and the cold air enables the blueberries to be precooled uniformly, quickly and effectively.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a front view of a precooling and grading packaging device suitable for harvesting blueberries in small and medium-sized plantations;

FIG. 2 is a side view of a pre-cooling grading packaging device suitable for harvesting blueberries in small and medium-sized plantations;

FIG. 3 is a top view of a pre-cooling grading packaging device suitable for harvesting blueberries in small and medium-sized plantations;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a screening plate of a precooling and grading packaging device suitable for harvesting blueberries in small and medium-sized plantations.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are carried out on the premise of the technical scheme of the present invention, and it should be understood that these examples are only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1-4, a precooling and grading packaging device suitable for harvesting blueberries in small and medium-sized plantations comprises a box body 1, a power supply device and a controller, wherein a collecting basket 2 is arranged above the box body 1 and used for containing the real-time picked blueberries, a pull-out baffle 21 is arranged at the lower end of the collecting basket 2, and when a certain amount of blueberries in the collecting basket 2 reach, the pull-out baffle 21 is pulled out to enable the blueberries to fall into the box body 1; a screening plate 3 is arranged at the upper part in the box body 1, small blueberry screening holes 31 capable of dropping blueberries with smaller diameters are formed in the panel on one half side of the screening plate 3, large blueberry dropping openings 32 capable of dropping other large blueberry fruits are formed in the side edge of the panel on the other half side of the screening plate 3, first baffle plates 33 are arranged on the large blueberry dropping openings 32, the first baffle plates 33 are opened and closed manually, and when the blueberries with smaller diameters drop, the first baffle plates 33 are opened, and the blueberry fruits with larger diameters drop from the large blueberry dropping openings 32; a rotating shaft 34 is arranged in the middle of the screening plate 3, and two ends of the rotating shaft 34 are arranged on the side wall of the box body 1 through bearings; a driving device 4 for driving the screening plate 3 to move up and down is arranged on one side below the screening plate 3, the upper end of the driving device 4 is hinged with the lower surface of the screening plate 3, and the driving device 4 drives one side of the screening plate 3 to move up and down, so that the screening plate 3 swings up and down by taking the rotating shaft 3 as a center; a small fruit collecting funnel 5 is arranged below the small fruit screening hole 31, and a big fruit collecting funnel 6 is arranged below the big fruit falling hole 32; be provided with the thermal precooling apparatus 7 of getting rid of blueberry fruit in one side of box 1, precooling apparatus 7 is through setting up the inside intercommunication of cold wind import 8 and box 1 on the lateral wall of box 1, and precooling apparatus 7 includes fan 71 and cooling part.

The precooling device 7 further comprises a precooling tank 73 arranged on the side wall of the box body 1, the fan 71 is arranged at the inlet of the precooling tank 73, and the cold air inlet 8 is arranged on the side wall of the box body 1 at the outlet of the precooling tank 73.

Because the blueberry harvesting, precooling and grading device is used when blueberries are harvested in a blueberry plantation, the problem of energy consumption needs to be considered, the cooling part adopts the semiconductor refrigeration piece with energy saving and good cooling effect, the semiconductor refrigeration piece is arranged on the left side wall, the right side wall and/or the upper side wall and the lower side wall of the precooling box 73, the cold end 74 of the semiconductor refrigeration piece is arranged in the precooling box 73, the hot end 75 of the semiconductor refrigeration piece is arranged outside the precooling box 73, and a cooling air duct 76 is formed between the cooling parts on the side walls of the precooling box 73. The cold end 74 of the semiconductor refrigeration piece is provided with a cold guide block 77, the surface of the hot end 75 of the semiconductor refrigeration piece is provided with a radiating fin 78, heat-conducting silicone grease is coated between the hot end 75 and the radiating fin 78, a radiating fan 79 is arranged outside the radiating fin, and the radiating fin 78 and the radiating fan 79 quickly radiate heat generated by the hot end of the semiconductor refrigeration piece.

The driving device can adopt various forms of devices for realizing linear reciprocating motion, can adopt the form of a traditional motor and a crankshaft connecting rod, or adopt a first energy-saving cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, an electric push rod or a pneumatic push rod, if the cylinder is adopted, the cylinder barrel of the first cylinder is fixedly arranged on the side wall of the box body 1, the front end of the piston rod of the first cylinder is hinged with the bottom surface of the screening plate 3, if the hydraulic cylinder, the electric push rod or the pneumatic push rod is adopted, the same mode is also fixedly installed, and the description is omitted.

In order to realize the boxing operation of the blueberry fruits after grading according to the fruit diameters, boxing devices are arranged below the small fruit collecting funnel 5 and the large fruit collecting funnel 6 and comprise a supporting plate 9 with one side hinged to the inner wall of the box body 1 and a slide way 10 which is positioned at the lower part of the edge of the supporting plate 9 and extends obliquely downwards, empty boxes A for containing the blueberries are manually and sequentially placed on the supporting plate 9, a second air cylinder 11 is arranged below the supporting plate 9, and the front end of a piston rod of the second air cylinder 11 is hinged to one side of the lower surface of the supporting plate 9; the lower extreme that little fruit was collected funnel 5 and big fruit and is collected funnel 6 all is provided with second baffle 51, and second baffle 51 makes and adopts electric control, can adopt third cylinder 52 to control, and the piston rod and the second baffle of third cylinder 52 are connected, control second baffle 51 horizontal motion to control opening and shutting of little fruit collection funnel 5 and big fruit collection funnel 6, third cylinder 52 is connected with the controller.

In order to accurately detect whether the blueberry packaging box is full or not, a weighing sensor 12 is arranged on the supporting plate 9, the second air cylinder 11 and the weighing sensor 12 are respectively connected with the controller and the power supply device, when the weighing sensor 12 measures set weight, a signal is sent to the controller to indicate that the blueberry packaging box is full, the controller controls the third air cylinder 52 to close the second baffle 51, then the controller starts the second air cylinder 11 to enable the supporting plate 9 to incline, the full blueberry box slides to the storage area 15 along the slide way 10, after the empty box is full, the second air cylinder 11 drives the outer side of the supporting plate 9 to descend and incline, the blueberry box on the supporting plate 9 slides to the storage area 15 along the slide way 10, and after a certain amount of packaging boxes are stored in the storage area, people seal the boxes and place the boxes in stacks.

In the blueberry picking process, damaged fruits and rotten fruits are inevitable, but the damaged fruits and the rotten fruits cannot be left in a blueberry plantation to avoid diseases and diseases, therefore, a damaged fruit collecting basket 14 is further arranged on the outer side wall of the box body 1, picking personnel can place the damaged fruits and the damaged fruits into the damaged fruit collecting basket 14 conveniently, the damaged fruit collecting basket 14 is large in upper opening and small in bottom, the damaged fruits are convenient to put in, the bottom can be provided with a form capable of being opened and closed, and the damaged fruits can be poured out conveniently.

In order to facilitate the movement of the precooling and grading packaging device for harvesting the blueberries among the planting ridges of the blueberries, the universal wheels 13 are arranged at the bottom of the box body 1, the universal wheels 13 adopt common universal wheels and are manually pushed, and a motor can be arranged to be connected with the universal wheels 13 and drive the universal wheels 13 to move forwards and backwards by utilizing the motor, so that the device is more labor-saving and convenient; a handle can be arranged on the upper part of the box body 1, so that the box body 1 can be conveniently controlled.

The power supply device is a rechargeable lithium battery, the controller adopts a PLC (programmable logic controller), the driving device 4 and the cooling part are respectively connected with the power supply device and the controller, and the power supply device supplies power to all electric devices in the invention.

In order to realize better precooling effect,

precooling case

73 and 8 upper ends of cold wind import extend to the bottom of collecting basket, and the lower extreme extends to the upper surface of backup pad 9, and little fruit collecting funnel 5 and big fruit collecting funnel 6 adopt the latticed design of fretwork, make the interior blueberry of whole box 1 collect the packaging process homoenergetic from screening, funnel and contact the cooling, and cooling effect is good, and is fast.

In order to prevent blueberry fruit from being damaged during screening and falling, cushions made of thin sponge or foam are provided on the upper surface of the screening plate 3 and the inner surfaces of the small fruit collecting hopper 5 and the large fruit collecting hopper 6.

The precooling and grading packaging device suitable for harvesting blueberries in small and medium-sized plantations integrates the size grading, precooling and packaging of the blueberries, and the blueberries harvested in summer are precooled and then transported to a refrigeration house for storage or to be sold in the market, so that the freshness of the blueberries is maintained to the greatest extent, and the probability of damaged fruits in the picking and transporting processes is reduced. The blueberry fruit screening device comprises a screening plate, a first-stage screening plate and a multi-stage screening plate, wherein the screening plate is driven by a control device to swing around a rotating shaft, blueberry fruits move back and forth at the half side of a small fruit screening hole and the half side of a large fruit falling opening, the fruits with smaller diameters fall from the small fruit screening hole and enter a small fruit collecting funnel for subsequent packaging, and after all the small fruits fall, a first baffle plate on the large fruit falling opening is opened to enable the blueberries with larger diameters to fall from the large fruit falling opening to the large fruit collecting funnel for subsequent packaging. The blueberry precooling machine has the greatest characteristic that cold air blown by the precooling device is well received when blueberries are screened on the screening plate and fall down in the funnel for packaging, and the two are perfectly combined, so that the blueberries are uniformly precooled, the speed is high, and the effect is good.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a be suitable for precooling hierarchical packing plant of medium-size and small-size plantation collection blueberry which characterized in that: the fruit screening device comprises a box body (1), a power supply device and a controller, wherein a collecting basket (2) is arranged above the box body (1), a pull-out baffle (21) is arranged at the lower end of the collecting basket (2), a screening plate (3) is arranged at the upper part in the box body (1), small fruit screening holes (31) are formed in a panel on one half side of the screening plate (3), a large fruit falling hole (32) is formed in the side edge of the panel on the other half side of the screening plate (3), and a first baffle (33) is arranged on the large fruit falling hole (32); a rotating shaft (34) is arranged in the middle of the screening plate (3), and two ends of the rotating shaft (34) are arranged on the side wall of the box body (1); a driving device (4) for driving the screening plate (3) to move up and down is arranged on one side below the screening plate (3), and the upper end of the driving device (4) is hinged with the lower surface of the screening plate (3); the driving device (4) is a device for realizing linear reciprocating motion, the driving device (4) is a first air cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, an electric push rod or a pneumatic push rod, a cylinder barrel of the first air cylinder is fixedly arranged on the side wall of the box body (1), and the front end of a piston rod of the first air cylinder is hinged with the bottom surface of the screening plate (3);

a small fruit collecting funnel (5) is arranged below the small fruit screening hole (31), and a big fruit collecting funnel (6) is arranged below the big fruit falling hole (32); a precooling device (7) is arranged on one side of the box body (1), the precooling device (7) is communicated with the interior of the box body (1) through a cold air inlet (8) arranged on the side wall of the box body (1), and the precooling device (7) comprises a fan (71) and a cooling part;

a boxing device is arranged below the small fruit collecting funnel (5) and the big fruit collecting funnel (6), the boxing device comprises a supporting plate (9) hinged to the inner wall of the box body (1) and a slide way (10) located at the lower part of the edge of the supporting plate (9) and extending downwards in an inclined mode, a second air cylinder (11) is arranged below the supporting plate (9), and the front end of a piston rod of the second air cylinder (11) is hinged to the lower surface of the supporting plate (9);

a weighing sensor (12) is arranged on the supporting plate (9), the second air cylinder (11) and the weighing sensor (12) are respectively connected with a controller and a power supply device, the lower ends of the small fruit collecting funnel (5) and the big fruit collecting funnel (6) are respectively provided with a second baffle plate (51), the second baffle plate (51) is controlled through a third air cylinder (52), a piston rod of the third air cylinder (52) is connected with the second baffle plate (51), the second baffle plate (51) is controlled to horizontally move, so that the small fruit collecting funnel (5) and the big fruit collecting funnel (6) are controlled to open and close, and the third air cylinder (52) is connected with the controller; when the weighing sensor (12) measures the set weight, a signal is sent to the controller to indicate that the blueberry packaging box is full, the controller controls the third air cylinder (52) to close the second baffle (51), then the controller starts the second air cylinder (11) to enable the supporting plate (9) to incline, the full blueberry box slides to the storage area (15) along the slide way (10), after the empty blueberry box is full, the second air cylinder (11) drives the outer side of the supporting plate (9) to descend and incline, the blueberry box on the supporting plate (9) slides to the storage area (15) along the slide way (10), and cushions made of thin sponge or foam are arranged on the upper surface of the screening plate (3), the small fruit collecting funnel (5) and the inner surface of the big fruit collecting funnel (6);

the precooling device (7) further comprises a precooling box (73) arranged on the side wall of the box body (1), the fan (71) is arranged at an inlet of the precooling box (73), the cold air inlet (8) is arranged on the side wall of the box body (1) at an outlet of the precooling box (73), the upper ends of the precooling box (73) and the cold air inlet (8) extend to the bottom of the collecting basket (2), the lower ends of the precooling box (73) and the cold air inlet (8) extend to the upper surface of the supporting plate (9), and the small fruit collecting funnel (5) and the big fruit collecting funnel (6) adopt a hollow latticed design;

the universal wheels (13) are arranged at the bottom of the box body (1), the power supply device is a rechargeable lithium battery, the controller is a PLC (programmable logic controller), and the driving device (4) and the cooling part are respectively connected with the power supply device and the controller.

2. The pre-cooling grading packaging device suitable for harvesting blueberries in small and medium-sized plantations according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cooling components are semiconductor refrigeration pieces arranged on the left side wall, the right side wall and/or the upper side wall and the lower side wall of the pre-cooling box (73), the cold ends (74) of the semiconductor refrigeration pieces are arranged in the pre-cooling box (73), the hot ends (75) of the semiconductor refrigeration pieces are arranged outside the pre-cooling box (73), and cooling air channels (76) are formed among the cooling components on the side walls of the pre-cooling box (73).

3. The pre-cooling grading packaging device suitable for harvesting blueberries in small and medium-sized plantations according to claim 2, characterized in that: the cooling device is characterized in that a cold guide block (77) is arranged on a cold end (74) of the semiconductor refrigeration piece, a radiating fin (78) is arranged on the surface of a hot end (75) of the semiconductor refrigeration piece, heat-conducting silicone grease is coated between the hot end (75) and the radiating fin (78), and a radiating fan (79) is arranged outside the radiating fin (78).

4. The pre-cooling grading packaging device suitable for harvesting blueberries in small and medium-sized plantations according to claim 1, characterized in that: the outer side wall of the box body (1) is provided with a bad fruit collecting basket (14).