CN109201112A - 一种复合载体及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种复合载体及其制备方法和应用，该复合载体包括：机械载体；吸附载体；以及树脂液，其中，机械载体、吸附载体和树脂液的质量比为10～20:0.1～20:0.1～20。通过本发明的方法制备的复合载体，能够实现该复合载体催化剂对苯类污染物的高效去除，同时有效提高催化剂的使用寿命。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及材料领域，更具体地，涉及一种复合载体及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
随着污染尤其是雾霾中的苯类污染日益严重，该污染对环境和人体健康造成很大伤害，因此，对苯类污染物的选择性去除变得至关重要，但是现有的载体催化剂通常适用于强吸热和强放热的催化重整反应，并未涉及对苯类污染物的选择性去除效果，并且现有催化剂在长期使用过程中易出现磨损、流失以及难回收等的问题，缩短了催化剂的使用寿命。
发明内容
针对以上问题，本发明通过使用碳纤维、碳纤维、活性炭和石墨烯的碳基载体作为吸附载体，或碳基载体与氧化铝、氧化硅和氧化钛的其它载体的组合作为吸附载体，再与具有较好的机械强度的机械载体结合形成复合载体，使得制备的催化剂可以实现对苯类污染物的高效去除，同时通过机械载体的骨架支撑形成气体通道，能够有效克服催化剂在长期使用过程中的磨损、流失及难回收的问题，提高催化剂的使用寿命。
本发明提供了一种复合载体，包括：
机械载体；吸附载体；以及树脂液，其中，所述机械载体、所述吸附载体和所述树脂液的质量比为10～20:0.1～20:0.1～20。
在上述复合载体中，所述机械载体包括铝蜂窝、纸蜂窝、聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺泡沫和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯泡沫中的一种或多种。
在上述复合载体中，所述吸附载体包括碳基载体；所述碳基载体包括碳纤维、活性炭和石墨烯中的一种或多种。
在上述复合载体中，所述吸附载体还包括其它载体；所述其它载体包括氧化铝、氧化硅和氧化钛中的一种或多种。
在上述复合载体中，所述树脂液包括环氧树脂液、聚酰亚胺树脂液和异氰酸酯树脂液中的一种或多种。
本发明还提供了一种制备复合载体的方法，包括以下步骤：
将吸附载体与树脂液混合，配置成吸附载体树脂液；将所述吸附载体树脂液与机械载体结合；以及固化、干燥，得到所述复合载体。
在上述方法中，所述机械载体、所述吸附载体和所述树脂液的质量比为10～20:0.1～20:0.1～20。
在上述方法中，通过浸渍、喷淋或涂覆的方式将所述吸附载体树脂液与所述机械载体结合。
在上述方法中，所述机械载体包括铝蜂窝、纸蜂窝、聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺泡沫和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯泡沫中的一种或多种。
在上述方法中，所述吸附载体包括碳基载体；所述碳基载体包括碳纤维、活性炭和石墨烯中的一种或多种；
在上述方法中，所述吸附载体还包括其它载体；所述其它载体包括氧化铝、氧化硅和氧化钛中的一种或多种。
在上述方法中，所述树脂液包括环氧树脂液、聚酰亚胺树脂液和异氰酸酯树脂液中的一种或多种。
本发明还提供了上述复合载体在催化剂中的应用。
通过本发明的方法制备的复合载体，通过以蜂窝、泡沫为机械载体，结合机械载体上的高比表面积涂层，共同构成催化剂的复合载体，赋予催化剂载体强机械强度的同时，能够实现对苯类污染物的高效去除，同时有效克服催化剂在长期使用过程中的磨损、流失及难回收的问题。
在该复合载体中，吸附载体中的碳基载体是实现低温、高效去除苯类污染物的核心成分，与其它载体的结合使用，可进一步提高载体在强放热和强吸热反应中的导热性；机械载体作为骨架支撑，为气态污染物通过高吸附载体提供通道，一方面保证气态污染物通过催化载体时流通顺畅，另一方面保证催化剂不易流失。两种载体的有效结合有效提高了催化剂对苯类污染物选择性去除效果以及催化剂的使用寿命。
具体实施方式
下面的实施例可以使本领域技术人员更全面地理解本发明，但不以任何方式限制本发明。
本发明将具有一定机械强度的机械载体与具有高吸附效果的吸附载体有效结合形成复合载体，通过具有碳基载体的吸附载体实现低温、高效去除苯类污染物，同时通过机械载体作为骨架支撑，为气态污染物通过吸附载体提供通道，使得制备的催化剂具有对苯类污染物的选择性去除效果，并且克服催化剂在长期使用过程中的磨损、流失及难回收的问题，提高了催化剂的使用寿命，按重量份计，具体制备过程如下：
将0.1～20份吸附载体与0.1～20份树脂液混合，配制成吸附载体树脂液，然后采用浸渍、喷淋或涂覆的方式将吸附载体树脂液与10～20份机械载体结合，常温固化10～14h、70～100℃干燥10～14h，获得复合载体；其中，机械载体包括铝蜂窝、纸蜂窝、聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺(PMI)泡沫和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)泡沫中的一种或多种；吸附载体不仅可以包括碳纤维、活性炭和石墨烯的碳基载体，并且还可以包括氧化铝、氧化硅和氧化钛的其它载体；树脂液包括环氧树脂液、聚酰亚胺树脂液和异氰酸酯树脂液中的一种或多种。
实施例1
将5份活性炭与10份环氧树脂液混合，配制成吸附载体树脂液，然后采用喷淋的方式将吸附载体树脂液与10份机械载体铝蜂窝结合，常温固化12h、在烘箱中80℃干燥12h，获得复合载体。
实施例2
将0.1份碳纤维与0.1份聚酰亚胺树脂液混合，配制成吸附载体树脂液，然后采用浸渍的方式将吸附载体树脂液与10份机械载体纸蜂窝结合，常温固化10h、在烘箱中70℃干燥14h，获得复合载体。
实施例3
将10份石墨烯、10份活性炭与20份异氰酸酯树脂液混合，配制成吸附载体树脂液，然后采用涂覆的方式将吸附载体树脂液与20份机械载体PMI泡沫结合，常温固化14h、在烘箱中100℃干燥10h，获得复合载体。
实施例4
将5份碳纤维、5份氧化硅与15份环氧树脂液混合，配制成吸附载体树脂液，然后采用涂覆的方式将吸附载体树脂液与18份机械载体PET泡沫结合，常温固化12h、在烘箱中90℃干燥12h，获得复合载体。
实施例5
将3份活性炭、2份氧化钛与8份异氰酸酯树脂液混合，配制成吸附载体树脂液，然后采用浸渍的方式将吸附载体树脂液与10份机械载体PMI泡沫结合，常温固化14h、在烘箱中100℃干燥10h，获得复合载体。
实施例6
将7份石墨烯、6份氧化铝与12份聚酰亚胺树脂液混合，配制成吸附载体树脂液，然后采用涂覆的方式将吸附载体树脂液与16份机械载体铝蜂窝结合，常温固化10h、在烘箱中70℃干燥14h，获得复合载体。
采用本领域中常用的方法测试了由实施例1至实施例6中的复合载体制备的催化剂对苯类污染物的去除率和选择性以及该催化剂的再生次数，测试结果见下表1：
表1
| 污染物 | 吸附载体 | 去除率 | 选择性 | 再生次数 | |
| 实施例1 | 苯 | 活性炭 | 85％ | 86％ | 42 |
| 实施例2 | 甲苯 | 碳纤维 | 87％ | 84％ | 40 |
| 实施例3 | 苯 | 石墨烯和活性炭 | 90％ | 87％ | 43 |
| 实施例4 | 间二甲苯 | 碳纤维和氧化硅 | 89％ | 90％ | 39 |
| 实施例5 | 甲苯 | 活性炭和氧化钛 | 92％ | 91％ | 40 |
| 实施例6 | 间二甲苯 | 石墨烯和氧化铝 | 90％ | 85％ | 41 |
由表1可见，本发明通过在复合载体中引入碳基载体，使得制备成的催化剂可以实现对苯类污染物的选择性去除，使得制备的催化剂去除率高达92％，选择性高达91％，实现了对苯类污染物的选择性高效去除；此外，通过机械载体与高比表面积的吸附载体的结合使用，在保证气态污染物通过催化剂时流通顺畅的同时保证了催化剂不易流失，使得催化剂的再生次数高达43次，提高了催化剂的使用寿命，有效克服催化剂在长期使用过程中的磨损、流失及难回收的问题。由本发明的复合载体制备的催化剂可应用于空气净化器、空调、防毒面具以及换气扇等，可有效改善产品对苯类污染物的去除效果，降低对环境和人体的污染性和危害性，并且可长期使用。
本领域技术人员应理解，以上实施例仅是示例性实施例，在不背离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，可以进行多种变化、替换以及改变。
Claims (13)
1.一种复合载体，其特征在于，包括：
机械载体；
吸附载体；以及
树脂液，
其中，所述机械载体、所述吸附载体和所述树脂液的质量比为10～20:0.1～20:0.1～20。
2.根据权利要求1所述复合载体，其特征在于，所述机械载体包括铝蜂窝、纸蜂窝、聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺泡沫和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯泡沫中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述复合载体，其特征在于，所述吸附载体包括碳基载体；所述碳基载体包括碳纤维、活性炭和石墨烯中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求3所述复合载体，其特征在于，所述吸附载体还包括其它载体；所述其它载体包括氧化铝、氧化硅和氧化钛中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述复合载体，其特征在于，所述树脂液包括环氧树脂液、聚酰亚胺树脂液和异氰酸酯树脂液中的一种或多种。
6.一种制备复合载体的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
将吸附载体与树脂液混合，配置成吸附载体树脂液；
将所述吸附载体树脂液与机械载体结合；以及
固化、干燥，得到所述复合载体。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述机械载体、所述吸附载体和所述树脂液的质量比为10～20:0.1～20:0.1～20。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，通过浸渍、喷淋或涂覆的方式将所述吸附载体树脂液与所述机械载体结合。
9.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述机械载体包括铝蜂窝、纸蜂窝、聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺泡沫和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯泡沫中的一种或多种。
10.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述吸附载体包括碳基载体；所述碳基载体包括碳纤维、活性炭和石墨烯中的一种或多种。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述吸附载体还包括其它载体；所述其它载体包括氧化铝、氧化硅和氧化钛中的一种或多种。
12.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述树脂液包括环氧树脂液、聚酰亚胺树脂液和异氰酸酯树脂液中的一种或多种。
13.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的复合载体在催化剂中的应用。
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