CN109197896B - Plant-source organic-inorganic compound molluscicidal fertilizer preparation and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Plant-source organic-inorganic compound molluscicidal fertilizer preparation and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109197896B CN109197896B CN201810981211.6A CN201810981211A CN109197896B CN 109197896 B CN109197896 B CN 109197896B CN 201810981211 A CN201810981211 A CN 201810981211A CN 109197896 B CN109197896 B CN 109197896B
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Images
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/06—Aluminium; Calcium; Magnesium; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N61/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a botanical organic-inorganic compound molluscicidal fertilizer preparation, a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of biological pesticides. The molluscicide fertilizer preparation comprises calcium oxalate needle crystals and inorganic fertilizer, wherein: the calcium oxalate needle crystal is obtained by separating and extracting from an Araceae plant or an Amaryllidaceae plant. The molluscicide fertilizer preparation also preferably comprises a plant fermentation organic fertilizer. The invention adds a proper amount of fertilizer into the calcium oxalate needle crystal extracts contained in the plants of the Araceae and the Amaryllidaceae, and takes the residue fermentation product of the plant extracts as an organic fertilizer carrier to prepare the compound molluscicidal fertilizer preparation. The compound molluscicide fertilizer preparation can promote the growth of rice, improve the yield and kill oncomelania, thereby achieving the effect of integrating two effects of molluscicide and fertilizer application. In addition, the preparation method is simple, low in production cost and convenient to use, and is favorable for large-scale popularization and application in rice farmlands in schistosome epidemic areas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biological pesticides, in particular to a botanical organic-inorganic compound molluscicidal fertilizer preparation and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Schistosomiasis is the most important parasitic disease which seriously harms the health and life safety of people and influences the development of economic society, 74 countries and regions have epidemic schistosomiasis worldwide, the population in epidemic areas reaches 6 hundred million, 2 hundred million people are infected, and the schistosomiasis patient dies millions every year.
The inventor finds out in the investigation and visit of the epidemic area that in the cultivation and management process of the paddy field, people in the epidemic area are infected repeatedly due to paddy field cultivation, so that the application of the molluscicide and the fertilization of the rice are more hopeful. Although the traditional fertilizer has a certain lethal effect on oncomelania, the soil and water body are seriously polluted by applying a large amount of fertilizer, so that the eutrophication of the water body is aggravated; the use of chemical molluscicides to kill mollusks also can cause toxicity to aquatic organisms such as fish.
Araceae plants (such as Arisaema sylvestre, Arisaema tuber, pinellia ternate and the like) and Amaryllidaceae plants (narcissus chinensis, Bishi flowers and the like) are widely distributed, except inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Jiangsu and Xinjiang, China all provinces are distributed, and forest, bush, grass slope and wasteland with the elevation less than 3200 meters all grow. Is a perennial plant or a cultivated flower plant which is resistant to the shade and the humidity in the forest, is easy to transplant and propagate, and has easily obtained materials. The common plant of Araceae is used as a traditional Chinese medicine in China, has the functions of eliminating dampness and phlegm, dispelling wind and relieving spasm, and resolving masses and reducing swelling, and is mainly used for treating stubborn phlegm cough, wind-disease dizziness, apoplexy phlegm congestion, facial distortion, hemiplegia, epilepsy, infantile convulsion and tetanus; it is also indicated for abscess and snake and insect bites. The research of the inventor shows that: the plant of Araceae and Amaryllidaceae has good snail killing effect, and can be used as organic fertilizer.
For the above reasons, the present application has been made.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems and defects existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a botanical organic-inorganic compound molluscicidal fertilizer preparation, and a preparation method and application thereof. The invention adds a proper amount of fertilizer into the calcium oxalate needle crystal extracts contained in the plants of the Araceae and the Amaryllidaceae, and takes the residue fermentation product of the plant extracts as an organic fertilizer carrier to prepare the compound molluscicidal fertilizer preparation. The compound molluscicide fertilizer preparation can promote the growth of rice, improve the yield and kill oncomelania, thereby achieving the effect of integrating two effects of molluscicide and fertilizer application. In addition, the preparation method is simple, low in production cost and convenient to use, and is favorable for large-scale popularization and application in rice farmlands in schistosome epidemic areas.
In order to achieve the first object of the present invention, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
a botanical organic-inorganic compound molluscicidal fertilizer preparation comprises calcium oxalate needle crystals and inorganic fertilizer, wherein: the calcium oxalate needle crystal is obtained by separating and extracting from an Araceae plant or an Amaryllidaceae plant.
Further, the molluscicidal fertilizer preparation in the technical scheme also comprises a plant fermentation organic fertilizer.
Preferably, the plant of Araceae is one or more of Arisaema cum bile, pinellia ternate, caulis Endadae Phaseoloidis, Henry steudnera tuber, Alternata foetida, and Bambusa gracilis; the Amaryllidaceae plant is one or two of narcissus, Bishi flower.
Further, in the technical scheme, the inorganic fertilizer is preferably a nitrogen fertilizer or consists of a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer, borax and zeolite mineral powder, and the mass ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer, the potash fertilizer, the borax and the zeolite mineral powder is (0.5-2): (0.1-1): (0.4-1.0): (0.1-0.5): (0.1-0.5).
Preferably, in the technical scheme, the mass ratio of the nitrogenous fertilizer to the phosphate fertilizer to the potash fertilizer to the borax to the zeolite mineral powder is 1: 0.5: 0.7: 0.3: 0.3.
furthermore, in the above technical scheme, the preparation containing the above formulation of the present invention may be prepared into a liquid preparation, or may be prepared into a solid preparation, such as a powder, a granule, etc., and the powder is preferably a wettable powder.
Preferably, when the molluscicidal fertilizer preparation is a liquid preparation, the mass ratio of the calcium oxalate needle crystal, the inorganic fertilizer and the plant fermentation organic fertilizer leaching liquor in the liquid preparation is 1: 2: 2.
more preferably, the concentration of the calcium oxalate needle crystals in the molluscicide liquid preparation in the technical scheme is 0.2-5 g/L.
Preferably, in the above technical scheme, when the molluscicide fertilizer preparation is a solid preparation, the solid preparation is composed of the following components in parts by weight:
10-20 parts of calcium oxalate needle crystals, 20-40 parts of inorganic fertilizer and 40-70 parts of fermented organic fertilizer.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the plant source organic-inorganic compound molluscicidal fertilizer preparation, which comprises the following steps:
(1) extraction and separation of calcium oxalate needle crystals:
(i) cleaning tuber or bulb of plant of Araceae or Amaryllidaceae, air drying, grinding, and storing;
(ii) mixing the tuber or bulb with water in a ratio of 1: (2-3), grinding for 2-3 h, centrifuging, controlling the rotating speed of a centrifuge to be 500-1200 rpm, separating, taking supernate, air-drying, and storing at 3-5 ℃ for later use; using the separated sediment residue for subsequent organic fertilizer fermentation;
(2) preparing a plant fermentation organic fertilizer:
adding bacillus subtilis, urea and potassium hydrogen phosphate (KHPO) into the precipitation residue obtained in the step (1) according to a certain proportion4) And water, controlling the water content of the mixture to be 55-65%, then uniformly mixing and stirring, sealing the mixture in a sealing bag or filling the mixture in a sealing tank for storage, fermenting the mixture at 35-37 ℃, turning the mixture once every 3 days, spraying proper amount of water every day to keep the fermentation material moist, measuring the pH value change, the moisture content and the temperature of the fermentation compost in the fermentation process, observing the color change condition of the aqueous solution, fermenting the mixture for 7-15 days, and collecting the plant fermentation organic fertilizer;
(3) preparation of inorganic fertilizer:
uniformly mixing the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer, then adding borax and zeolite mineral powder according to a proportion, and uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain the inorganic fertilizer;
(4) preparing a molluscicide fertilizer preparation:
(a) preparing a liquid preparation: respectively preparing the calcium oxalate needle crystals obtained by extraction and separation in the step (1) and the inorganic fertilizer prepared in the step (3) into a calcium oxalate needle crystal mother solution with the concentration of 10-20% and an inorganic fertilizer mother solution with the concentration of 10-20%; then soaking the plant fermented organic fertilizer collected in the step (2) in excessive water, leaching the fermentation product, and controlling the concentration of a leaching solution to be 10-20% to obtain a plant fermented organic fertilizer leaching solution; uniformly mixing the calcium oxalate needle crystal mother liquor, inorganic fertilizer mother liquor, plant fermentation organic fertilizer leaching liquor and a proper amount of water in proportion to obtain the liquid preparation;
(b) preparing a solid preparation:
and (2) fully and uniformly mixing the calcium oxalate needle crystals obtained by extraction and separation in the step (1), the plant fermentation organic fertilizer obtained in the step (2) and the inorganic fertilizer prepared in the step (3) according to a proportion to directly prepare the powder or sending the mixture into a granulator for granulation to prepare the granules, and then freeze-drying the granules or the powder for storage.
Further, the mass ratio of the precipitation residue, the bacillus subtilis, the urea and the potassium hydrogen phosphate in the step (2) in the technical scheme is 100: (5-15): (0.5-2): (0.1-0.3).
Preferably, the mass ratio of the precipitation residue, the bacillus subtilis, the urea and the potassium hydrogen phosphate in the step (2) in the technical scheme is 100: 10: 1: 0.2.
further, the water content of the mixture in step (2) of the above technical scheme is preferably 60%.
Further, in the step (a) of the technical scheme, the mass ratio of the calcium oxalate needle crystal, the inorganic fertilizer and the plant fermentation organic fertilizer leaching liquor in the liquid preparation is 1: 2: 2.
preferably, the concentration of the calcium oxalate needle crystals in the liquid preparation in the step (a) is 0.2-5 g/L.
Further, the solid preparation in the step (b) of the technical scheme comprises the following components in parts by weight:
10-20 parts of calcium oxalate needle crystals, 20-40 parts of inorganic fertilizer and 40-70 parts of fermented organic fertilizer.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide a use method of the plant source organic-inorganic compound molluscicidal fertilizer preparation, which can be applied to crops (such as rice, rape and the like) in a conventional fertilization mode, has double effects of molluscicidal effect and crop growth promotion, can be applied as a base fertilizer or an additional fertilizer when applied to rice fertilization, and the preferable use amount per mu is 200-300 kg.
Compared with the prior art, the botanical organic-inorganic compound molluscicidal fertilizer preparation, the preparation method and the application thereof have the following beneficial effects:
(1) the molluscicidal fertilizer preparation prepared by the invention has the advantages of wide source of raw materials, low cost and simple preparation process, and the prepared molluscicidal fertilizer preparation has stable performance and convenient use, and is beneficial to large-scale popularization and application in schistosome epidemic areas.
(2) The molluscicidal fertilizer preparation prepared by the invention has double effects of killing mollusks and promoting crop growth, has organic-inorganic fertilizer effect when being applied to rice, promotes rice growth and rice yield improvement, and simultaneously has the effect of killing oncomelania, thereby achieving double effects of killing mollusks and fertilizing.
(3) The molluscicidal fertilizer preparation is used as a molluscicidal fertilizer, and comprises a plant fermentation organic fertilizer prepared by fermenting the precipitation residue of an Araceae plant or an Amaryllidaceae plant, and the application of the organic fertilizer can reduce or avoid the problems of serious soil and water body pollution and water body eutrophication caused by the traditional long-term large-scale application of chemical fertilizer.
(4) The molluscicide fertilizer preparation is a botanical molluscicide, and the molluscicide component in the molluscicide fertilizer preparation is pure natural calcium oxalate needle crystals which are separated and extracted from natural Araceae plants or Amaryllidaceae plants, so that the molluscicide fertilizer preparation prepared by the invention is used for molluscicide, does not cause harm to aquatic fishes, avoids the toxicity of the traditional chemical molluscicide to target organisms such as aquatic fishes and the like, and is beneficial to the sustainable development of ecological agriculture.
Drawings
In FIG. 1, A, B, C are micrographs of needle crystal bundles in mature leaves of an Arisaema sylvestre, D, E, F are micrographs of needle crystal bundles in dormant buds of the Arisaema sylvestre, G is a micrographs of needle crystals in the epidermis of a tuber of a fresh Arisaema sylvestre, H, I are micrographs of needle crystals in the medulla of the tuber of the fresh Arisaema sylvestre, J, K are micrographs of needle crystals in the tuber of the fresh Arisaema sylvestre, and L is a micrographs of a longitudinal section of the root tip of the Arisaema sylvestre;
a, B, C in FIG. 2 are respectively crystal micrographs of caulis Endadae Phaseoloidis; D. e is a starburst-shaped cluster crystal micrograph distributed in round different cells in the large-scale radix seu folium Psammosilenes; f is a micrograph of a stem cross section of the caulis Endadae Phaseoloidis; g is a micrograph of a longitudinal section of a stem of the caulis Endadae Phaseoloidis; h is a needle crystal micrograph in the threaded guide tube of the big peronospora; i is a micrograph of a starburst-shaped cluster crystal which can be seen by crosscutting the epidermis of the stem of the caulis Endadae Phaseoloidis;
a, B, C in FIG. 3 are micrographs of cross sections of the bulbs of those riparians, respectively; d is a micrograph of needle crystals of pilaster flowers scattered between bulb slices;
a, B, C in FIG. 4 are micrographs of cross sections of narcissus bulbs, respectively; D. e is cell wall of narcissus containing needle crystal cells; f is the mucus profile released across the narcissus bulb;
FIG. 5 is a scanning electron micrograph of needle crystals of calcium oxalate in a tuber of Arisaema sylvestre;
FIG. 6 is a comparison graph of the molluscicidal effect of the compound molluscicidal fertilizer preparation in example 2 under different formulation conditions, wherein CK represents the comparison of dechlorinated clear water, AE represents calcium oxalate needle crystals, N, P, K represents nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer respectively, CF represents a mixture of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer prepared according to the mass ratio of 1: 1: 1, ANF, APF and AKF represent the molluscicidal fertilizer preparation in which the calcium oxalate needle crystals are independently compounded with the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer respectively, ACF represents the compound molluscicidal fertilizer preparation of CF and the calcium oxalate needle crystals (L: low concentration 0.25 g/L, H: high concentration 0.5 g/L), and different letters at the top of the same pattern column represent significant difference (P < 0.05);
FIG. 7 is a graph comparing the effect of the compound molluscicidal fertilizer formulations under different formulation conditions on the germination rate of rice seeds in example 3;
FIG. 8 is a graph comparing the effect of the compound molluscicidal fertilizer formulations under different formulation conditions in example 3 on rice seedling growth.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. The embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical scheme of the invention, and a detailed implementation mode and a specific operation process are given, but the protection scope of the invention is not limited to the following embodiment.
Various modifications to the precise description of the invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the information contained herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims. It is to be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the procedures, properties, or components defined, as these embodiments, as well as others described, are intended to be merely illustrative of particular aspects of the invention. Indeed, various modifications of the embodiments of the invention which are obvious to those skilled in the art or related fields are intended to be covered by the scope of the appended claims.
For a better understanding of the invention, and not as a limitation on the scope thereof, all numbers expressing quantities, percentages, and other numerical values used in this application are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term "about". Accordingly, unless expressly indicated otherwise, the numerical parameters set forth in the specification and attached claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained. At the very least, each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques.
Example 1 morphological distribution and main component study of calcium oxalate needle crystal.
Table 1 is a comparison table of distribution of needle crystals of calcium oxalate in plant tissues and organs of main plants of Araceae and Amaryllidaceae. As can be seen from the results in Table 1, calcium oxalate needles were distributed most in the tubers and bulbs of the plants.
FIGS. 1 to 4 show the distribution and main morphology of calcium oxalate in representative plants of Araceae and Amaryllidaceae, and it can be seen from these figures that the needle crystal morphology of different plants is different. In addition, the calcium oxalate needle crystals in the tuber of the arisaema with umbellate schlegeli are observed by an electron scanning microscope, as shown in figure 5, the calcium oxalate needle crystals have needle-shaped structures, grooves are formed in the side faces, the needle-shaped structures can cause mechanical damage to animal tissues of oncomelania, and the grooves are convenient for medicine to enter the body, so that the oncomelania is poisoned.
TABLE 1 distribution of needle crystals of calcium oxalate of main plants of Araceae and Amaryllidaceae
The plant calcium oxalate needle crystal is different from inorganic calcium oxalate, is a combination of inorganic and organic components, mainly comprises calcium oxalate, clusterin and saccharides, and has various physiological activities. Table 2 is a table comparing the molluscicidal activity of the arisaema cum bile needle crystals of the present invention under different concentration conditions with time. The results in table 2 show that the calcium oxalate needle crystals have molluscicidal activity, and the higher the needle crystal concentration of the rhizoma arisaematis, the stronger the molluscicidal activity.
TABLE 2 Arisaema consanguineum needle crystal molluscicidal activity table
Example 2
The invention discloses a verification example of the molluscicidal effect of plant calcium oxalate needle crystals.
(1) Extraction and separation of calcium oxalate needle crystals:
(i) cleaning tuber of Arisaema cum bile, air drying, grinding, and storing;
(ii) mixing the tuber with water according to the weight ratio of 1: and (2) uniformly mixing the components in the ratio of (2) to (3), grinding for 2 to 3 hours, centrifuging, controlling the rotating speed of a centrifugal machine to be 500 to 1200rpm, separating, taking supernate, air-drying, and storing at 3 to 5 ℃ for later use.
According to the separation and extraction method, the obtained calcium oxalate needle crystals are respectively mixed with a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer to prepare a compound snail killing fertilizer preparation ANF, APF, AKF and ACF with the raw material concentration of 0.25 g/L and 0.5 g/L respectively, then a snail killing experiment is carried out by adopting a soaking and killing standard recommended by WHO, oncomelania is respectively treated by using the compound snail killing fertilizer preparation with different concentrations, dechlorinated clear water is used as a control group (CK), the results of the snail killing experiment show that oncomelania death shows obvious difference (figure 6A), the oncomelania killing effect of the calcium oxalate needle crystals and the nitrogen fertilizer compound preparation (ANF) is the best, the oncomelania killing effect is obtained by treating 24 hours of oncomelania, the oncomelania death rate is more than 60%, the oncomelania killing effect is obtained by treating 48 hours, the oncomelania death rate of 80% or 72 hours, the oncomelania killing effect is obtained by 100% (P is less than 0.05), the oncomelania killing effect is obviously improved than that of the calcium oxalate needle crystals and other fertilizers (such as the potassium fertilizers) when the calcium oxalate needle crystals and the fertilizers (such as the fertilizers are singly used in a compound fertilizer preparation (ACF) and the compound fertilizer preparation (AKF) and the oncomelania killing effect is also shown by treating 10.3) when the oncomelania fertilizer preparation (figure 3) is not higher than the oncomelania killing effect of the compound fertilizer preparation (figure 3) and the oncomelania killing effect of the compound fertilizer (figure 3) and.
Example 3
And (3) an experiment on the influence of the compound molluscicidal fertilizer preparation on the germination of rice seeds and the growth of seedlings.
The compound molluscicidal fertilizer preparations ANF, APF, AKF and ACF with the raw material concentrations of 0.25 g/L and 0.5 g/L were prepared respectively by the same method as in example 2.
The composite molluscicidal fertilizer preparations are respectively soaked in seeds to treat rice seeds and are placed in an artificial climate box for culture, the climate box is illuminated at 30 ℃ for 12 hours, and is dark at 25 ℃ for 12 hours, and the illumination is 6000L X, the observation statistical result of the germination of the rice seeds by the composite molluscicidal fertilizer preparation is shown in figure 7, which shows that ANF, APF and AKF (the concentration is 0.25 g/L) obviously promote the germination of the seeds and the growth of seedlings, wherein the promotion effect of the ANF is more obvious, the germination rates in 3 days and 5 days are improved by 25% and 21%, the growth of the seedlings is also obviously promoted, the growth height in 10 days and 20 days is higher by 106% and 33.2% than that of the control, the growth height is improved to 96.3% from 80.4% of the clear water control, and the germination of the seeds is inhibited by the treatment with high concentration (0.5 g/L).
The statistical results of observation of the compound molluscicidal fertilizer preparation on the growth of rice seedlings are shown in fig. 8, and the results show that the two concentrations of treatment have a uniform and obvious promoting effect on the growth of rice seedlings, the concentrations of 0.25 g/L (L) and 0.5 g/L (H) are respectively increased by 36.9% and 31.8% in the growth period of 20 days compared with the control.
Example 4
And (3) testing the influence of the compound molluscicidal fertilizer preparation on the yield of the rice in the pot experiment.
The compound molluscicidal fertilizer preparations ANF, APF, AKF and ACF with the raw material concentrations of 0.25 g/L and 0.5 g/L were prepared respectively by the same method as in example 2.
The soil of the paddy field from Wuhan oil institute of Chinese academy of agricultural sciences is dried, sieved and subjected to potting test. The test pot is 35cm in diameter and 30cm in height, 4kg of soil is placed, 100g of the organic-inorganic compound molluscicidal fertilizer, the NPK mixed fertilizer and the plant fertilizer of the Araceae or the Amaryllidaceae prepared in the embodiment are respectively added, and the blank clay is used as a control for mature harvest. The results are shown in Table 2. When the compound preparation of the fermented organic fertilizer and the inorganic fertilizer of the plant of the Araceae family is supplemented in the soil, the plant height, the number of ears per plant and the grain weight (dry weight) of each plant are obviously improved (P is less than 0.05) compared with a control, and in several treatment levels, the promotion effect is maximum, the grain yield (dry weight) of each plant is improved by 54.9 percent compared with the control, 23.8 percent compared with a single-application mixed fertilizer and 26 percent compared with a single-application plant powder fertilizer.
TABLE 3 influence of different compound fertilizers on growth and yield of rice
Note: in Table 3, CK represents the raw soil control, AE represents the plant powder, CF represents the NPK mixed fertilizer, and ACF represents the compound molluscicidal fertilizer powder. Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P <0.05) and the data in the table are mean ± standard deviation.
Example 5
The preparation method of the plant-derived organic-inorganic compound molluscicidal fertilizer preparation comprises the following steps:
(1) extraction and separation of calcium oxalate needle crystals:
(i) cleaning tuber of Arisaema cum bile, air drying, grinding, and storing;
(ii) mixing the tuber with water according to the weight ratio of 1: (2-3), grinding for 2-3 h, centrifuging, controlling the rotating speed of a centrifuge to be 500-1200 rpm, separating, taking supernate, air-drying, and storing at 3-5 ℃ for later use; using the separated sediment residue for subsequent organic fertilizer fermentation;
(2) preparing a plant fermentation organic fertilizer:
collecting 3kg of the precipitate residue obtained in step (1), adding Bacillus subtilis, 0.03kg of urea, and 0.006kg of potassium hydrogen phosphate (KHPO) to 0.3kg of the precipitate residue4) And water, controlling the water content of the mixture to be 60%, then uniformly mixing and stirring, sealing the mixture in a sealing bag or filling the mixture in a sealing tank for storage, fermenting the mixture at the temperature of 35-37 ℃, turning the mixture once every 3 days, spraying a proper amount of water every day to keep the fermented material moist, measuring the pH value change, the moisture content and the temperature of fermented compost in the fermentation process, observing the change condition of the water solution color, fermenting the mixture for 7-15 days, and collecting the plant fermented organic fertilizer;
(3) preparation of inorganic fertilizer:
uniformly mixing a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer, then adding borax and zeolite mineral powder in proportion, and uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain the inorganic fertilizer, wherein: the mass ratio of the nitrogenous fertilizer to the phosphate fertilizer to the potash fertilizer to the borax to the zeolite mineral powder is 1: 0.5: 0.7: 0.3: 0.3;
(4) preparing a molluscicide liquid preparation:
respectively preparing the calcium oxalate needle crystal obtained by extraction and separation in the step (1), preparing the inorganic fertilizer prepared in the step (3) into 10-20% calcium oxalate needle crystal mother liquor and 10-20% inorganic fertilizer mother liquor, soaking the plant fermentation organic fertilizer obtained in the step (2) in excessive water, leaching fermented products, controlling the concentration of leaching liquor to be 10-20% to obtain plant fermentation organic fertilizer leaching liquor, mixing the calcium oxalate needle crystal mother liquor, the inorganic fertilizer mother liquor and the plant fermentation organic fertilizer leaching liquor according to the mass ratio of 1: 2: 2, adding appropriate amount of water, uniformly mixing, and respectively preparing liquid preparations with the content of the calcium oxalate needle crystal of 0.25 g/L and 0.5 g/L.
(5) Preparing a solid preparation of the molluscicide:
fully and uniformly mixing the calcium oxalate needle crystals obtained by extraction and separation in the step (1), the plant fermentation organic fertilizer obtained by collection in the step (2) and the inorganic fertilizer prepared in the step (3) according to a certain proportion to directly prepare the powder or sending the mixture into a granulator for granulation to prepare the granules, and then freeze-drying the granules or the powder for storage; wherein: the solid preparation comprises the following components in parts by weight:
10-20 parts of calcium oxalate needle crystals, 20-40 parts of inorganic fertilizer and 40-70 parts of fermented organic fertilizer. The prepared molluscicidal fertilizer is used for killing mollusks and comparing the germination of rice seeds, the growth of seedlings and the yield. The field test is to plant early rice in suburb farmland in Wuhan city, and 3 adjacent acres are selected, each acre is divided into three districts, namely a control group, a fertilizer group and a snail-killing fertilizer group, and the three groups are repeated. The fertilizer is applied according to the local farmer fertilizing method, and the fertilizing amount per mu is 250 kilograms. The molluscicidal and seedling growth experiments were done indoors.
TABLE 4 comparison of molluscicidal effect of molluscicidal fertilizer formulations
Note: AN is unfermented plant rhizoma arisaematis powder, CF is mixed fertilizer, FM is fermentation product, ACFM is molluscicidal fertilizer of example 5, and CK is no addition control. The data in the table are the mean of three replicates, with different letters in the same column indicating significant differences (P <0.05), as follows.
TABLE 5 influence of molluscicidal fertilizer on rice seed germination
TABLE 6 influence of molluscicidal fertilizer on rice seedling growth
TABLE 7 influence of molluscicidal fertilizer on rice yield
The results of the tests in tables 4-7 show that the molluscicidal fertilizer prepared in example 5 has a significantly stronger molluscicidal effect than the fertilizer and plant alone, and has significant advantages over the fertilizer alone in terms of rice seed germination, seedling growth and yield. Therefore, the molluscicidal fertilizer has strong molluscicidal effect and rice fertility-increasing and yield-increasing effects.
Claims (5)
1. A botanical organic-inorganic compound molluscicidal fertilizer preparation is characterized by comprising calcium oxalate needle crystals and an inorganic fertilizer, wherein the calcium oxalate needle crystals are obtained by separating and extracting plants of Araceae or Amaryllidaceae, the inorganic fertilizer is a nitrogen fertilizer or consists of a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer, a borax and zeolite mineral powder, the mass ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer, the potash fertilizer, the borax and the zeolite mineral powder is 0.5-2: 0.1-1: 0.4-1.0: 0.1-0.5, and the concentrations of the calcium oxalate needle crystals and the inorganic fertilizer are 0.25 g/L-0.5 g/L.
2. The botanical organic-inorganic compound molluscicidal fertilizer preparation as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the molluscicide fertilizer preparation also comprises a plant fermentation organic fertilizer.
3. The botanical organic-inorganic compound molluscicidal fertilizer preparation of claim 2, which is characterized in that: the preparation is a liquid preparation or a solid preparation.
4. The botanical organic-inorganic compound molluscicidal fertilizer preparation of claim 3, which is characterized in that: the mass ratio of calcium oxalate needle crystals, inorganic fertilizer and plant fermentation organic fertilizer leaching liquor in the liquid preparation is 1: 2: 2.
5. the use method of the plant-derived organic-inorganic compound molluscicidal fertilizer preparation as defined in claim 1 to 4, which is characterized in that: the molluscicidal fertilizer is applied to farmlands according to 200-300 kg per mu.
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