CN109197566B - Breeding method of yellow endosperm rice - Google Patents
Breeding method of yellow endosperm rice Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a breeding method of yellow endosperm rice, which comprises the following steps: taking high-fat-content rice as a parent A, high-amylose-content rice as a parent B, yellow-leaf rice as a parent C, taking the parent A as a female parent, and respectively hybridizing the parent A with the parent B and the parent C to obtain F1A/BAnd F1A/C(ii) a With F1A/CCrossing with female parent to obtain compound cross F1Generation; f1Selfing for generation to obtain F2Seed generation; selecting F of yellow endosperm2Planting the seeds, and constructing a doubled haploid; DH is planted in sequence1～DH4And performing continuous selfing, and taking yellow endosperm, high amylose content, high fat content, yield, agronomic characters, anthocyanin and the like as screening indexes to obtain yellow endosperm rice. The yellow endosperm rice disclosed by the invention has yellow endosperm, high amylose content, high fat content and high anthocyanin content, develops natural yellow rice noodles, and meets the natural and healthy consumption requirements.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice breeding, in particular to a breeding method of yellow endosperm rice.
Background
The black rice, red rice, purple rice, yellow rice and other special color rice are the main material for food nourishing in China, and research is dedicated to the breeding of special color rice.
The invention patent application with application publication number CN102524052A discloses a breeding method of rice with the function of producing colored rice, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a three-line maintainer line B as a female parent to be hybridized with a black rice male parent, backcrossing the first hybrid generation with the maintainer line B for multiple generations, and breeding a maintainer line black B which contains black seed coats and has other characters consistent with the maintainer line B; (2) hybridizing the sterile line A corresponding to the three-line maintainer line B with the maintainer line black B to produce a sterile line black A containing heterozygous black seed coat genes; (3) hybridizing sterile black A and restorer line giant embryo glutinous R to produce hybrid F1 seed, hybrid F1, containing hybrid black seed coat, giant embryo and glutinous gene; (4) hybrid F1 seed "hybrid F1" is used as production seed.
The invention patent application with application publication number CN102630557A discloses a breeding method of a functional formula rice variety; the invention selects rice varieties with larger production popularization area and good quality as recurrent parents, respectively hybridizes with black rice, purple rice, red rice, glutinous rice and giant embryo rice, progeny and recurrent parents are backcrossed for many generations, near isogenic lines with agronomic characters similar to those of the recurrent parents and the characters of the black rice, the purple rice, the red rice, the glutinous rice and the giant embryo rice are respectively bred, and the production seeds of the formula rice are mixed according to a certain proportion.
Unfortunately, the functional nutrition of the colored rice is only contained in the seed coat, i.e., the brown rice in the coarse cereals is more beneficial to health to some extent. The rice is made of polished rice, mainly endosperm, i.e. rice, after being polished and ground to remove seed coat (bran) and become polished rice, the special nutrient components such as pigment contained in the seed coat are basically and completely lost.
Therefore, the nutrition of the polished rice is strengthened, so that the problems can be effectively solved, and the nutritional quality and the economic value of the polished rice can be remarkably increased.
In order to achieve the aim, a Liu dazzling subject group of academies of China's academy of sciences firstly realizes the specific synthesis of anthocyanin in endosperm in japonica rice (ZH11) and indica rice (HG1) through agrobacterium-mediated rice genetic transformation, and creates transgenic yellow endosperm rice purple rice for the first time. Unfortunately, in the current context, commercialization of transgenic yellow endosperm rice is difficult.
In view of the above, the invention provides a breeding method of yellow endosperm rice, which lays a foundation for breeding and utilizing non-transgenic yellow endosperm health care rice.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a breeding method of yellow endosperm rice, the yellow endosperm rice bred by the method not only has normal yellow white seed coat and yellow endosperm, but also has higher amylose content, fat content and anthocyanin content, meets the development requirements of nature, safety and health of food, and lays a foundation for the deep utilization of the natural yellow endosperm rice.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
a breeding method of yellow endosperm rice comprises the following steps:
(1) taking rice with high fat content as a parent A, rice with high amylose content as a parent B, rice with yellow leaves as a parent C, taking the parent A as a female parent, and respectively hybridizing with the parent B and the parent C to obtain two single-cross F1A/BAnd F1A/CSeeds;
(2) planting F1A/BAnd F1A/CWith F1A/CCrossing with female parent to obtain compound cross F1Generation;
(3) planting F1Inbred to obtain F2Generation;
(4) selection of F2Seeds with yellow-white seed coat and yellow endosperm in the generation are planted to construct a doubled haploid population DH0Harvesting DH as a single plant1Seed generation;
(5) planting DH1Performing selfing, and selecting yellow-white seed coat, yellow endosperm, amylose content more than or equal to 40% and fat content more than or equal to 2% as screening indexes to obtain DH2Generation;
(6) planting DH2Performing selfing, and selecting yellow-white seed coat, yellow endosperm, amylose content more than or equal to 40%, fat content more than or equal to 2% and agronomic shape as screening indexes to obtain DH3Generation;
(7) planting DH3Taking yellow endosperm, the content of crude fat more than or equal to 2 percent and more than 70 percent, the existence of a starch-fat complex form, and agronomic characters and yield as screening indexes to harvest DH4Generation;
(8) planting DH4And (3) taking yellow endosperm, amylose and fat content which are more than or equal to 40 percent, and agronomic characters, yield and anthocyanin as screening indexes to obtain the shaped yellow endosperm rice.
The contents of amylose and fat are based on the mass of the polished rice from which the seed coat is removed.
The fat in rice includes starch-bound fat and non-starch-bound fat. In the context of high amylose content, fat may better form a starch-fat complex with amylose, producing a starchy fat. Various pigment flavonoid nutrients in rice have good dissolution and accumulation properties in oil (fat). It is under the precondition of high amylose content and high starch-like fat content that melanin in the yellow color of leaves carried in the parent can form and accumulate in the starch-fat complex pathway.
Preferably, the fat content of the parent A is more than or equal to 2 percent based on the mass of the polished rice.
Preferably, the parent A is ZDR-hl-01.
ZDR-hl-01 is a high fat content rice selected by Zhejiang university, and is available from Hainingkui Biotech limited. The rice has high fat content (2.2%), moderate amylose content (15.4%), normal yellow-white rice seed coat, and normal transparent endosperm.
Preferably, the amylose content of the parent B is more than or equal to 40 percent based on the mass of polished rice.
Preferably, the parent B is ZDR-ha-01.
ZDR-ha-01 is a special rice with high amylose content bred by the nuclear agricultural science research institute of Zhejiang university, and can be purchased from the institute. The rice has high amylose content (45.1%), common fat content (0.7%), normal yellow-white rice seed coat, and normal transparent endosperm.
Preferably, the parent C is Zhejiang yellow croaker.
The Zhejiang yellow colored rice is rice with yellow leaves bred by the nuclear agricultural science institute of Zhejiang university and can be given or exchanged from the institute. The rice seed coat is normally yellowish white, the endosperm is normally transparent, the amylose content is low (1.2%), and the fat content is low (0.2%).
The yellow endosperm rice bred by selecting the ZDR-hl-01, the ZDR-hal-01 and the Zhejiang rhubarb color rice hybrid group is an effective combination of normal yellow white seed coat, yellow endosperm, high amylose starch and high fat, and health care ingredients such as anthocyanin and the like related to the yellow endosperm are expressed in the endosperm which is eaten daily.
Preferably, in step (4), the doubled haploid population is constructed by anther culture.
Preferably, in steps (6) to (8), the agronomic traits include full-growth period, plant height, tillering, panicle length, grain per panicle, seed set percentage and thousand kernel weight.
More preferably, the whole growth period is within 130 days, the plant height is about 105cm, the maturing rate is more than or equal to 90%, and the thousand seed weight is 24-26 g.
Preferably, in the step (6), the yield is more than or equal to 350 kg/mu. More preferably, the yield is more than or equal to 400 kg/mu.
The bred rice has very high fat content (2%) which is 4-5 times of that of the common rice, and the amylose content is more than or equal to 40%, so that the seeds are not full, the influence on the yield is large, and the yield is controlled to be more than or equal to 350 kg/mu in the screening process.
In the aspect of agronomic characters, because the forming and accumulation time of the starch-fat complex (starch fat) is longer, and the subsequent pigment forming and accumulation are in the later stage of grain filling maturity, the whole growth period of the breeding variety cannot be too long (within 130 days), so as to avoid the influence of low temperature and bad weather on grain filling maturity in the later stage. The plant height should be moderate (about 105 cm) to resist lodging so as not to influence the seed fullness; the tillering is moderate, the ear size is uniform, the ears are not easy to overlong generally, the grain number of each ear is moderate, and the uniform quality and the consistent maturity of the grains are ensured; the setting rate is high and is more than 90 percent; the thousand grains are moderate in weight (about 25 g) so as to avoid the influence of too large and too small grains on accumulation and yield.
In the step (8), the anthocyanin content is more than or equal to 0.3mg/g dw on the basis of the dry weight of the polished rice.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the rice with yellow endosperm bred by the invention not only has normal yellow-white seed coats and yellow endosperm, but also has higher amylose content, fat content and anthocyanin content, and can develop yellow rice-line functional agricultural products without using food coloring agents.
(2) The invention takes high-fat parents as cores, adopts a strategy of respectively hybridizing with other 2 parents, and can better form a starch-fat complex with high amylose starch so as to generate high-starch fat, so that the double strategy of high total fat and high starch fat content can better ensure the breeding of yellow endosperm rice.
Detailed Description
1. Breeding materials:
(1) the parent A is ZDR-hl-01, is a special rice with high fat content bred by nuclear agricultural science research institute of Zhejiang university, and can be purchased from the institute. The rice has high fat content (2.2%), moderate amylose content (15.4%), normal yellow-white rice seed coat, and normal transparent endosperm.
(2) The parent B is ZDR-ha-01, is a special rice with high amylose content bred by nuclear agricultural science research institute of Zhejiang university, and can be purchased from the institute. The rice has high amylose content (45.1%), common fat content (0.7%), normal yellow-white rice seed coat, and normal transparent endosperm.
(3) The parent C is Zhejiang yellow rice, and the leaves bred by the nuclear agricultural science institute of Zhejiang university are yellow rice which can be given or exchanged from the institute. The rice seed coat is normally yellowish white, the endosperm is normally transparent, the content of amylose is low (1.2%), and the content of fat is low (0.2%).
2. Measurement method
Fat content determination reference national standard-determination of fat in food (GB 5009.6-2016); the starch-fat complex is detected by measuring the total fat content of starch and referring to the national standard-starch total fat measurement (GB/T22427.3-2008); the determination of the amylose content refers to the determination of the amylose content of rice GB/T15683-2008.
3. The polymerization breeding process of yellow endosperm rice is as follows:
(1) in 2013, in Hainan Ling water, rice with high fat content is selected as a parent A (ZDR-hl-01), rice with high amylose content is selected as a parent B (ZDR-ha-01), rice with black seed coat is selected as a parent C (Zheda Huangcaihe), the parent A is taken as a female parent, and the parent A and the parent B are respectively hybridized to obtain two single-cross F1(ZDR-hl-01/ZDR-ha-01)4 seeds and F1(ZDR-hl-01/Zhejiang yellow Caucao) 3 seeds;
(2) in 2013, two single-cross F plants were planted in summer and autumn, Hangzhou Zhejiang1(ZDR-hl-01/ZDR-ha-01)4 Strain and F1(ZDR-hl-01/Zhejiang yellow Caucao) 3 plants, with F1(A/C) as female parent to obtain compound cross F1(ZDR-hl-01/ZDR-ha-01// ZDR-hl-01/Zhejiang blue rice) 3 generations;
(3) planting and backcrossing F in the spring of 2014 in Hainan tomb water1Selfing to obtain F2The seeds 451 are more than one;
(4) in summer and autumn of 2014, Hangzhou Zhejiang, first observe F2Seeds are replaced, 81 grains of yellow and white seed coats and yellow endosperm seeds are selected and planted, 31 plants with obvious similar japonica type are cultivated by anther to construct a doubled haploid group DH0Harvesting DH as a single plant1198 are substituted;
(5) planting DH in 2015 spring and Hainan Ling water1Performing selfing, selecting DH with yellow-white seed coat, yellow endosperm, amylose content not less than 40% and fat content not less than 2% as screening indexes241 generation times;
(6) DH is planted in 2015 summer and autumn, Hangzhou Zhejiang2Performing selfing, selecting DH with yellow-white seed coat, yellow endosperm, amylose content not less than 40%, fat content not less than 2% and agronomic shape as screening indexes312 generations;
(7) DH is planted in 2016 summer and autumn, Hangzhou Zhejiang3Performing selfing, selecting DH with yellow endosperm, coarse fat content more than or equal to 2% and more than 70%, starch-fat complex form and agronomic characters and yield as screening indexes34 generation times;
(8) DH was planted in 2017 summer and autumn, Hangzhou Zhejiang4And performing selfing, wherein yellow endosperm, amylose and fat content are more than or equal to 40%, fat content is more than or equal to 2%, agronomic characters, yield and anthocyanin are more than or equal to 0.3mg/g dw as screening indexes, and 1 shaped yellow endosperm rice is obtained.
Some of the trait indicators in each generation are reported in table 1.
TABLE 1 screening description of the selection of traits for each generation
The main indexes of the shaped rice bred in the embodiment are as follows: an effective combination of normal yellowish white seed coat, yellow endosperm, high amylose starch (43.8%) -fat (2.2%), anthocyanins (0.36mg/g dw). While the seed coat of the parent A (ZDR-hl-01) is normally yellowish white, the endosperm is normally transparent, the crude fat content is 2.2%, and the amylose content is medium (15.4%); parent B (ZDR-ha-01) has high amylose content (45.1%), fat content (0.7%), rice seed coat is normally yellowish white, and endosperm is normally transparent; the seed coat of parent C (Zhejiang yellow color standing grain) is black, the endosperm is normal and transparent, the amylose content is low (1.5%), and the fat content is 0.2%.
After the shaped product is obtained by screening, various nutritional indexes of the shaped product are measured, and the mapping of the shaped product and the parental indexes thereof is shown in table 2.
The measurement method of each index in table 2 is as follows:
fat: GB/T5009.6-2003; amylose starch: GB/T15683-; anthocyanins: g B/T22244-; vitamin A: GB/T5009.82-2003; vitamin B1: GB/T5009.84-2003; vitamin B2: GB/T5009.85-2003; vitamin E: GB/T5009.82-2003.
As can be seen from the data in table 2, in the set product, the advantage of the set product of aggregating 2 parents in terms of nutritional composition is that it is rich in fat, amylose, while the content of anthocyanins and VA is higher than that of the parents. The yield of the set rice is 357 kg/mu.
TABLE 2 comparison of the major nutritional ingredients of ZDR-hal-01, Zhejiang rhubarb, Caucai and a standardized product
Therefore, compared with parent products, the shaped rice not only is rich in anthocyanin and VA, but also has good health care function, is high in amylose and rich in fat, can be used for conveniently making deep-processed products such as natural yellow rice noodles and the like, has good flavor, and is beneficial to high-quality synergistic effect of the products.
Claims (6)
1. A breeding method of yellow endosperm rice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) taking rice with high fat content as a parent A, rice with high amylose content as a parent B, rice with yellow leaves as a parent C, taking the parent A as a female parent, and respectively hybridizing with the parent B and the parent C to obtain two single-cross F1A/BAnd F1A/CSeeds;
the parent A isZDR-hl-01(ii) a The parent B isZDR-ha-01(ii) a The parent C is Zhejiang yellow rice;
(2) planting F1A/BAnd F1A/CWith F1 A/CCrossing with female parent to obtain compound cross F1Generation;
(3) planting F1Inbred to obtain F2Generation;
(4) selection of F2Seeds with yellow-white seed coat and yellow endosperm in the generation are planted to construct a doubled haploid population DH0Harvesting DH as a single plant1Seed generation;
(5) planting DH1Performing selfing, and selecting yellow-white seed coat, yellow endosperm, amylose content more than or equal to 40% and fat content more than or equal to 2% as screening indexes to obtain DH2Generation;
(6) planting DH2Performing selfing, namely harvesting DH by taking yellow and white seed coats, yellow endosperm, amylose content more than or equal to 40 percent, fat content more than or equal to 2 percent, full growth period, plant height, tillering, ear length, grain number per ear, seed setting rate and thousand grain weight as screening indexes3Generation;
(7) planting DH3Instead, the yellow endosperm, the coarse fat content of which is more than or equal to 2 percent and more than 70 percent, exists in the form of a starch-fat complex, has full growth period, plant height,Tillering, ear length, grain number per ear, seed setting rate, thousand grain weight and yield are selected as screening indexes, and DH is harvested4Generation;
(8) planting DH4And (3) taking yellow endosperm, amylose and fat content which are more than or equal to 40 percent, more than or equal to 2 percent, full growth period, plant height, tillering, spike length, grain number per spike, maturing rate, thousand kernel weight, yield and anthocyanin as screening indexes, and harvesting the shaped yellow endosperm rice.
2. The method for breeding yellow endosperm rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fat content of the parent A is more than or equal to 2% by mass of polished rice.
3. The method for breeding yellow endosperm rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amylose content of the parent B is not less than 40% by mass of polished rice.
4. The method for selectively breeding rice with yellow endosperm as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), a doubled haploid population is constructed by anther culture.
5. The breeding method of yellow endosperm rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the steps (7) - (8), the yield is more than or equal to 350 kg/mu.
6. The method for selectively breeding rice with yellow endosperm as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (8), the anthocyanin content is not less than 0.3mg/g dw based on the dry weight of the polished rice.
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| CN201810912674.7A CN109197566B (en) | 2018-08-10 | 2018-08-10 | Breeding method of yellow endosperm rice |
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| CN109197566B true CN109197566B (en) | 2021-07-13 |
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