CN109182642B - Process method for smelting low-phosphorus steel by adopting single slag method - Google Patents
Process method for smelting low-phosphorus steel by adopting single slag method Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing
- C21C5/35—Blowing from above and through the bath
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/064—Dephosphorising; Desulfurising
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for smelting low-phosphorus steel by adopting a single slag method, which comprises the following steps: determining the addition amount of scrap steel according to the components and the temperature of molten iron entering the furnace and a terminal molten steel control target; respectively adding primary slag making materials and secondary slag making materials according to the gun position control condition; according to the slag melting effect in the process, the proper end point temperature, alkalinity, FeO content and other final slag components are controlled, so that the optimal process condition for smelting the low-phosphorus steel is obtained. The method is simple and convenient to operate, easy to master by field operators, relatively short in smelting period, easy to realize the aim of converter end-point dephosphorization, capable of effectively reducing smelting cost and capable of solving the problems of large molten iron fluctuation and high molten iron phosphorus content.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of steelmaking control in ferrous metallurgy, and particularly relates to a process method for smelting low-phosphorus steel by adopting a single slag method.
Background
Phosphorus in steel is a harmful element for most steel grades, and iron and steel enterprises often want to remove phosphorus in molten steel as much as possible in the steel making process because the phosphorus content is too high to become a limiting factor in the development process of new steel grades. Because the dephosphorization can not be carried out in the blast furnace smelting process, the phosphorus in the molten steel is mainly removed in the converter smelting process under the condition that the dephosphorization is pretreated by the molten iron. At present, converter dephosphorization methods at home and abroad mainly comprise a single-slag method, a double-slag method (a double-slag + slag retention method) and a duplex method. The duplex method needs to be separately carried out in a dephosphorization furnace and a decarburization furnace, so that the required equipment cost and the site space are relatively large, and only a few iron and steel enterprises are adopted in China at present; compared with the dephosphorization by the single slag method, the dephosphorization by the double slag method has relatively longer smelting period and relatively higher smelting cost, so the dephosphorization by the double slag method mainly aims at some low-phosphorus and ultra-low-phosphorus steel types with higher requirement on phosphorus content or steel types with higher silicon content in molten iron (generally, the [ Si ] of the molten iron is more than 0.5). For some conventional common steel grades represented by SPHC and the like, the requirement of users on the phosphorus content is not so strict, or the silicon content of molten iron is relatively low, and dephosphorization is generally carried out by adopting a single slag method. However, the molten iron of some existing iron and steel enterprises has large fluctuation, the quality of slagging lime is relatively poor, the bottom blowing stirring effect is weak, the dephosphorization effect of the single slag method is poor, and the dephosphorization effect is often unstable.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a process method for smelting low-phosphorus steel by adopting a single slag method, which can effectively dephosphorize so as to obtain the low-phosphorus steel with the lowest phosphorus content of iron and steel and capable of reducing 80 ppm.
As one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for smelting low-phosphorous steel using a single slag method, the method comprising:
s1, after steel is discharged from the furnace, the slag is poured out, the steel outlet is blocked, molten iron and waste steel are added, the lance is lowered to supply oxygen, and blowing is started; the content of Si in the molten iron is 0.35-0.60%, the content of C in the molten iron is 4.30-4.65%, the content of P in the molten iron is 0.088-0.130%, the content of Mn in the molten iron is 0.14-0.20%, and the content of S in the molten iron is 0.027-0.043%;
s2, adding a first batch of slag making materials within 5min before blowing, wherein the first batch of slag making materials comprise cold materials, dolomite and lime, the adding amount of the cold materials is 10.1-34.93 kg/t, the adding amount of the dolomite is 12.71-15.83 kg/t, and the adding amount of the lime materials is 26.9-56.7 kg/t; the adding amount of the first slag-making material in each furnace is 52.83-86.2 kg/t;
s3, when the total oxygen supply percentage is more than or equal to 35% and the first slag is well melted, adding a second slag; the second batch of slag charge comprises a cold charge, dolomite and lime, wherein the addition amount of the cold charge is 5.04-50.29 kg/t, the addition amount of the dolomite is 0-9.12 kg/t, and the addition amount of the lime charge is 0-24.71 kg/t; the adding amount of the total slagging material in each furnace is 73.72-127.77 kg/t;
s4, controlling the smelting end point temperature to be 1616-1664 ℃, controlling the alkalinity in the smelting end point slag to be 2.26-3.65, controlling the FeO content to be 12-25%, the MgO content to be 5.85-8.02%, the MnO content to be 2.0-3.0%, and the P content to be P2O5The content is 2.32-2.93%; the content of the molten steel C at the smelting end point is 0.30-0.09%, the content of phosphorus is 80-120 ppm, and the dephosphorization rate is 88.5-93.7%.
The method is suitable for smelting by using a single slag method by controlling the content range of Si, P, Mn and S in the molten iron to be lower. In addition, by controlling the Si content in the molten iron, the defects that the slagging effect is poor and the slag amount is small and the dephosphorization is not facilitated due to too low Si content are avoided, and the defect that the alkalinity of the slag cannot be rapidly improved and the dephosphorization is not facilitated due to too high Si content is also avoided. MnO formed in molten iron is beneficial to slagging and improving the fluidity of slag, and is beneficial to dephosphorization, and the dephosphorization rate can be improved, but too high can affect FeO and P2O5Activity, unfavorable to dephosphorization reaction.
By controlling the composition and the adding amount of the slag charge, the dephosphorization efficiency and the dephosphorization effect can be better improved, and the molten steel with low phosphorus content is obtained. The dephosphorization can be effectively carried out through twice slagging, and the phosphorus content in the molten steel is reduced. In the invention, by optimizing the components, the adding amount and the adding mode of the slag making material, the problem of unstable dephosphorization effect caused by large fluctuation of molten iron components is solved, dephosphorization is effectively realized, and the dephosphorization rate is improved. In the present invention, kg/t refers to the number of kilograms of weight that needs to be added per ton of steel being smelted.
Further, the alkalinity of the slag at the smelting end point is preferably 2.5-3.5, and is further preferably 2.8-3.2. Although the slag with high alkalinity is beneficial to dephosphorization, when the alkalinity is too high, the proportion of solid phase in the slag is increased, and the dephosphorization effect is adversely affected. When the alkalinity is in the range of the invention, the dephosphorization effect is optimal. Further, P in the slag2O5The content of P in the slag is 2.5-2.7 percent along with the progress of dephosphorization reaction2O5The content of P is gradually increased and the dephosphorization effect is reduced, and P in the slag is limited in the invention2O5Content, and guarantee dephosphorization rate. Further, the content of iron oxide in the slag is 20-25%, the iron oxide in the slag is used as an oxidant for dephosphorization, when the content of the iron oxide is too low, the dephosphorization is not facilitated, but when the content of the iron oxide is too high, the dephosphorization effect is reduced, and the optimal dephosphorization effect is ensured by the limited content of the iron oxide. In addition, when the smelting end point temperature is controlled within 1616-1664 ℃, the method is favorable for the thermodynamic conditions of dephosphorization reaction, and simultaneously ensures the optimal dephosphorization efficiency. Therefore, the invention solves the problem of unstable dephosphorization effect caused by large fluctuation of molten iron components by controlling the smelting end point temperature and the components of the furnace slag, and simultaneously effectively realizes dephosphorization and improves the dephosphorization rate.
Further, the temperature of molten iron is 1260-1370 ℃, and the proportion of scrap steel is controlled to be 4.00-12.00%.
Furthermore, the whole smelting process adopts a high-low-high-low lance position, the constant high lance position is 2.2-2.5m during the first slagging period, the earlier slagging is facilitated, after the oxidation of Si and Mn is finished, the lance position is properly reduced for improving heat, so that the lance position is reduced to 1.9-2.2m, the carbon-oxygen reaction is violent during the decarburization period, the high lance position is 2.1-2.3m for preventing the molten pool from splashing, and the lance position is reduced to 1.4-1.5m for enhancing stirring in the later smelting period. By controlling the gun positions in different smelting stages, the dephosphorization reaction is effectively controlled while smelting, the dephosphorization rate is effectively improved, and the phosphorus content in the molten steel is reduced.
Further, the total oxygen supply amount during the smelting is 6200-7500Nm3The total oxygen supply intensity is 2.0-2.6Nm3/t·h。
Further, the process is carried out in a top-bottom combined blown converter. In the top-bottom combined blowing converter, the molten steel can be fully stirred, the stirring effect is improved, the dephosphorization rate is improved, and the phosphorus content in the molten steel is reduced.
Further, the cold burden comprises at least one of south African ore or iron shot; the dolomite comprises at least one of light burned dolomite or dolomitic stones; the lime material includes at least one of limestone or lime.
As another aspect thereof, the present invention provides a molten steel having a low phosphorus content obtained by the above-described method for producing a low phosphorus steel by a single-slag process.
The invention has the advantages that:
the method has simple and convenient operation, easy grasp by field operators, relatively short smelting period, easy realization of the aim of converter end-point dephosphorization, effective reduction of smelting cost and capability of solving the problems of large molten iron fluctuation and high phosphorus content of the molten iron by mainly controlling the smelting end-point temperature, the components of the slag and the adding mode, the components and the adding amount of the slag-making materials in the smelting process.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in greater detail below, however, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
A method for smelting low-phosphorus steel in a 150t top-bottom combined blown converter by adopting a single slag method comprises the following steps:
s1, after steel is discharged from the furnace, the slag is poured out, the steel outlet is blocked, molten iron and waste steel are added, the lance is lowered to supply oxygen, and blowing is started; the molten iron amount is 150.8t, and the steel tapping amount is 144.73 t. The temperature of molten iron is 1272 ℃, the content of Si in the molten iron is 0.42%, the content of C in the molten iron is 4.4%, the content of P in the molten iron is 0.123%, the content of Mn in the molten iron is 0.2%, the content of S in the molten iron is 0.043%, and the adding amount of scrap steel is determined to be 17.25 t.
S2, according to the conditions of molten iron and scrap steel adding amount, temperature and the like, the scrap steel proportion is controlled at 10.26%, the oxygen supply intensity on site and the lance position are controlled to be high and low, the whole smelting process adopts a high-low-high-low lance position, the earlier stage adopts a constant high lance position of 2.45m for slagging in the first slagging in order to melt slag, after the oxidation of Si and Mn is finished, the lance position is properly reduced in order to improve heat, so the lance position is reduced to be between 1.9 and 2.0m, the carbon-oxygen reaction in the decarburization stage is violent, the high lance position is adopted for preventing a molten pool from splashing by 2.2 to 2.3m, and the later stage reduces the lance position from 2.2m to about 1.5m in order to enhance stirring. The slag making materials are added in two times, and the first slag making materials are added from the beginning of blowing to the first 5 min. The first slag making material includes south African ore, light burned dolomite, iron shot, dolomite block, limestone and lime. 12.95kg/t of south African ore, 13.08kg/t of light-burned dolomite, 3.24kg/t of iron sheet balls, 0kg/t of dolomite blocks, 12.95kg/t of limestone and 25.75g/t of lime are added. The total oxygen supply amount is 6200-3The total oxygen supply intensity was 2.2Nm3T.h. The total addition of the first slag making material is 71.75 kg/t.
And S3, performing secondary slagging after the total oxygen supply percentage reaches more than or equal to 58.08% and the first slag charge is melted, namely blowing for 4min, and adding a second slag charge. The secondary slagging material comprises: 13.84kg/t of south African ore, 0kg/t of light-burned dolomite, 7.11kg/t of iron sheet balls, 2.58kg/t of dolomite blocks, 6.9kg/t of limestone and 0g/t of lime. The total slagging material addition amount is 102.18 kg/t.
S4, controlling the smelting end point temperature to be 1616 ℃, controlling the alkalinity in the smelting end point slag to be 3.65, controlling the FeO content to be 24.41 percent and the MgO content to be7.39%, MnO content 2.27%, P2O5The content is 2.61%; the molten steel C content at the smelting end point is 0.09%, and the phosphorus content is 100 ppm. The dephosphorization rate is 91.87 percent.
Example 2
S1, after steel is discharged from the furnace, the slag is poured out, the steel outlet is blocked, molten iron and waste steel are added, the lance is lowered to supply oxygen, and blowing is started; the molten iron amount is 152.8t, and the steel tapping amount is 150.79 t. The temperature of the molten iron is 1350 ℃, the content of Si in the molten iron is 0.47%, the content of C in the molten iron is 4.62%, the content of P in the molten iron is 0.127%, the content of Mn in the molten iron is 0.2%, the content of S in the molten iron is 0.038%, and the adding amount of scrap steel is 7.4 t.
S2, according to the conditions of molten iron and scrap steel adding amount, temperature and the like, the scrap steel proportion is controlled to be 4.84%, the whole smelting process adopts a high-low-high-low lance position, the earlier stage lance position is adopted for slagging for the first time, the constant high lance position is adopted to be 2.2m, after the oxidation of Si and Mn is finished, the lance position is properly reduced for improving heat, so that the lance position is reduced to fluctuate between 1.8 and 1.9m, the carbon-oxygen reaction is violent in the decarburization stage, the high lance position is adopted for preventing molten pool splashing for 2.1 to 2.2m, and the later stage is reduced from 2.1m to about 1.4m for enhancing stirring. The slag making materials are added in two times, and the first slag making materials are added from the beginning of blowing to the first 5 min. The first slag making material includes south African ore, light burned dolomite, iron shot, dolomite block, limestone and lime. 1.69kg/t of south African ore, 0kg/t of light-burned dolomite, 9.93kg/t of iron sheet balls, 13.36kg/t of dolomite blocks, 33.07kg/t of limestone and 6.73g/t of lime are added. The total oxygen supply is 6917Nm3The total oxygen supply intensity is 2.3Nm3T.h. The total addition of the first slagging material was 64.78 kg/t.
And S3, performing secondary slagging after the total oxygen supply percentage reaches more than or equal to 45.33 percent and the first slag is melted, namely blowing for 4min, and adding the second slag. The secondary slagging material comprises: 52.32kg/t of south African ore, 0kg/t of light-burned dolomite, 3.97kg/t of iron sheet balls, 0kg/t of dolomite blocks, 0.07kg/t of limestone and 6.63g/t of lime. The total slagging material addition amount is 127.77 kg/t.
S4, controlling the smelting end point temperature to be 1630 ℃, the alkalinity of the smelting end point slag to be 3.21, the FeO content to be 24.93%,MgO content of 6.33%, MnO content of 2.33%, P2O5The content is 2.62%; the molten steel C content at the smelting end point is 0.09%, and the phosphorus content is 80 ppm. The dephosphorization rate is 93.70 percent.
Example 3
S1, after steel is discharged from the furnace, the slag is poured out, the steel outlet is blocked, molten iron and waste steel are added, the lance is lowered to supply oxygen, and blowing is started; the molten iron amount was 154.7t, and the tap amount was 153.31 t. The temperature of the molten iron is 1366 ℃, the content of Si in the molten iron is 0.39%, the content of C in the molten iron is 4.48%, the content of P in the molten iron is 0.106%, the content of Mn in the molten iron is 0.16%, the content of S in the molten iron is 0.029%, the adding amount of scrap steel is 7.3t, and the molten iron and the scrap steel are respectively added into a converter;
s2, according to the conditions of molten iron and scrap steel adding amount, temperature and the like, the scrap steel proportion is controlled at 4.72%, the whole smelting process adopts a high-low-high-low lance position, the constant high lance position is 2.35m in the first slagging, the oxygen blowing time is 7min, then the lance position in the decarburization period is lowered to fluctuate between 2.1m and 2.2m, the carbon-oxygen reaction is violent in the decarburization period, the high lance position is 2.2m in molten pool splashing prevention, and the lance position is lowered by about 1.4m from 2.2m in the later period for enhancing stirring. The slag making materials are added in two times, and the first slag making materials are added from the beginning of blowing to the first 5 min. Adding a first batch of slagging material comprising south African ore, light-burned dolomite, iron shot, dolomite block, limestone and lime. The method comprises the steps of adding 25.78kg/t of south African ore, 0kg/t of light-burned dolomite, 9.15kg/t of iron sheet balls, 13.08kg/t of dolomite blocks, 29.35kg/t of limestone and 0g/t of lime. The total oxygen supply is 6676Nm3The total oxygen supply intensity was 2.35Nm3T.h. The total addition of the first slagging material was 77.35 kg/t.
And S3, performing secondary slagging after the total oxygen supply percentage reaches more than or equal to 38.9 percent and the first slag is melted, namely blowing for 4min, and adding the second slag. The secondary slagging material comprises: 18.29kg/t of south African ore, 9.12kg/t of light-burned dolomite, 0kg/t of iron sheet balls, 0kg/t of dolomite blocks, 3.2kg/t of limestone and 0g/t of lime. The total slagging material addition amount is 101.69 kg/t.
S4, controlling the smelting end point temperature to be 1641 ℃, controlling the alkalinity of the smelting end point slag to be 2.84, the FeO content to be 12.83 percent, the MgO content to be 7.82 percent and the MnO content to be2.04％，P2O5The content is 2.32%; the molten steel C content at the smelting end point is 0.03 percent, and the phosphorus content is 110 ppm. The dephosphorization rate is 89.62%.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method for smelting low-phosphorus steel by adopting a 150t top-bottom combined blown converter single slag method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, after steel is discharged from the furnace, the slag is poured out, the steel outlet is blocked, molten iron and waste steel are added, the lance is lowered to supply oxygen, and blowing is started; the content of Si in molten iron is 0.35-0.60%, the content of C in molten iron is 4.30-4.65%, the content of P in molten iron is 0.088-0.130%, the content of Mn in molten iron is 0.14-0.20%, the content of S in molten iron is 0.027-0.043%, the temperature of molten iron is 1260-1370 ℃, and the proportion of scrap steel is controlled to be 4.00-12.00%;
s2, adding a first batch of slag making materials within 5min before blowing, wherein the first batch of slag making materials comprise cold materials, dolomite and lime, the adding amount of the cold materials is 10.1-34.93 kg/t, the adding amount of the dolomite is 12.71-15.83 kg/t, and the adding amount of the lime materials is 26.9-56.7 kg/t; the adding amount of the first slag-making material in each furnace is 52.83-86.2 kg/t;
s3, when the total oxygen supply percentage is more than or equal to 35% and the first slag is well melted, adding a second slag; the second batch of slag charge comprises a cold charge, dolomite and lime, wherein the addition amount of the cold charge is 5.04-50.29 kg/t, the addition amount of the dolomite is 0-9.12 kg/t, and the addition amount of the lime charge is 0-24.71 kg/t; the adding amount of the total slagging material in each furnace is 73.72-127.77 kg/t;
s4, controlling the smelting end point temperature to be 1616-1664 ℃, controlling the alkalinity in the smelting end point slag to be 2.26-3.65, controlling the FeO content to be 12-25%, the MgO content to be 5.85-8.02%, the MnO content to be 2.0-3.0%, and the P content to be P2O5The content is 2.32-2.93%; the content of the molten steel C at the smelting end point is 0.30-0.09%, the content of phosphorus is 80-120 ppm, and the dephosphorization rate is 88.5-93.7%;
the whole smelting process adopts high-low-high-low lance positions; the constant high lance position is adopted during the first slagging, the lance position is 2.2-2.5m, when the oxidation of Si and Mn is finished, the lance position is reduced to 1.9-2.2m, the high lance position is adopted during the decarburization period, the lance position is 2.1-2.3m, and the lance position is reduced to 1.4-1.5m in the later smelting period.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: and the alkalinity of the smelting end slag is 2.5-3.5.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: the alkalinity of the smelting end slag is 2.8-3.2.
4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: p in slag2O5The content is 2.5-2.7%; the content of iron oxide in the slag is 20-25%.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: the smelting end point temperature is 1616-1664 ℃.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: the total oxygen supply during the smelting period is 6200-3The total oxygen supply intensity is 2.0-2.6Nm3/t·h。
7. The method of claim 1, wherein: the method is carried out in a top-bottom combined blown converter.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein: the cold material comprises at least one of south African ore or iron shot; the dolomite comprises at least one of light burned dolomite or dolomitic stones; the lime material includes at least one of limestone or lime.
9. A molten steel having a low phosphorus content, which is obtained by a method for producing a low phosphorus steel by a single-slag method using a 150t top-bottom combined blown converter according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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